Will

Exprima vointa, hotarare I will pay you as much as you ask for. Promisiune I will not make such a mistake again. Posibilitate, presupunere That girl will be his sister? (Fata ceea o fi sora lui?) Ceva inevitabil (expresii fixe) Children will be children.Accidents will happen(accidentele sunt ine itabile) Inlocuieste prezentul simplu pentru actiune obisnuita, repetata I always drink milk in the morning!I will drink milk in the morning Invitatie, cerere politicoasa "ill you come and...?( #rei sa...?)

Shall

Hotarare The enemy shall not pass. Promisiune If you get a good mark you shall ha e a present. Refuz, insistenta, amenintare $e shall pay for insulting my daughter. Exprima o inter ictie in acte oficiale All the candidats shall not bring(may not) the dictionaries into the e%amination room! "ferta, su#estie &hall I help you?

$"%&' What about going to the cinema? Lets go to the cinema, shall we?

Can

&bilitate fizica si intelectuala la prezent si viitor Exprima o continuitate alaturi e verbele e perceptie Exprima o permisiune (informal En#lish) Exprima o posibilitate atunci can impre(urarile o permit If you come in my town we can swim (I ha e a swimming pool) Exprima o imposibilitate, neincre ere' cu acest inteles can poate fi urmat e un infinitiv prezent(pentru actiune simultana) sau infinitiv perfect (pentru actiune anterioara )
$u se poate)este imposibil sa faca o asemenea #reseala $u se poate sa fi facut o asemenea #reseala He can*t ma+e such a mista+e He can*t have ma e such a mista+e

Exprima o cerere politicoasa Can I help you?

Coul

&bilitate fizica si intelectuala la trecut!Cu acest inteles can/could poate fi inlocuit cu echivalentul!,ar can intelesul este e to succid in, to manage, to achieve-se foloseste numai echivalentul, ar nu si la ne#ativ Cerere politicoasa, mai politicoasa eca can Could I help you?

.a/

Exprima o permisiune(formal en#lish)!Cu acest inteles el poate fi inlocuit cu echivalentul to be allo0e to1 to be permite to Exprima o posibilitate!Cu acest inteles el poate fi inlocuit cu it is possible)ma/be)perhaps It is possible for you to know her Poate ca o cunosti aybe/perhaps you know her !ou may hnow her

.a/"infinitiv continuu#posibilitatea unei actiuni in momentul vorbirii '%( &he may be sleeping now. .a/"infinitiv perfect#posibilitatea unei actiuni in trecut '%( &he may ha e lost the key$

Exprima o urare, speranta )ay all your dreams come true* sau )ay good luck attend you% In propozitia concesiva upa: whate er+ whene er+ wheree er+ whoe er+ thought+ althought+ no matter how ,o matter how much money you ha e don-t spend it in one day. In completiva irecta upa to hope+ to trust( I hope that you may find tickets. In propozitia e scop upa so that: I sit on the first row so that I may see and hear well

.i#ht

Exprima o permisiune la trecut Exprima o posibilitate in prezent, viitor si trecut (o posibilitate mai in epartata)

.i#ht"infinitiv continuu#posibilitatea indepartata a unei actiuni in momentul vorbirii .i#ht"infinitiv perfect#posibilitatea indeparata a unei actiuni in trecut

Exprima in i#nare, iritare, repros /ou might look in to my eyes when I-m talking to you. In propozitia concesiva upa: whate er+ whene er+ wheree er+ whoe er+ thought+ althought+ no matter how In completiva irecta upa to hope+ to trust In propozitia e scop upa so that

.ust

Exprima obli#atie, coman a, necesitate!Cu acest inteles el poate fi inlocuit cu echivalentul to ha e to

.ust2obligatie impusa de vorbitor&regula' Have to#obligatie e(terna impusa de autoritati sau impre)urari e(terne pe care vorbitorul nu le poate controla *ont have to +avent got to ,eednt ust not

Lipsa de obligatie

Interdictie, prohibitie &regula'

Eprima e uctie, concluzie lo#ica, probabilitate

$"%&' cand must e(prima probabilitate el poate fi inlocuit cuIm sure/certain/positive

.ertain/obviously Its likely/probable Is likely

$ee
&!verb notional, obisnuit# to be need of &dupa care apare un pronume, substantiv, verb la gerun/iu sau infinitiv lung' '%( )other needs a pair of shoes.The windows need washing. 3!0erb modal au(iliar#to ha e to apare mai mult in interogativ si negativ1 poate sa apara si in afirmativ alaturi de ne er+ hardly+ barely '%( &he need hardly mention her name+ since I know it. Diferenta dintre prezent si trecut: Pre/ent *o I need$$$? ,eed I$$$? 2recut *idnt need to$$$ $ee n*t have"4 &forma a III a) actiune care nu a fost necesara si nu a fost facuta actiune care nu a fost necesara, dar a fost facuta actiune obisnuita, repetata oca/ie speciala

Shoul

3(prima obligatie, sfat, recomandare&obligatia este mai slaba decat cea cu must' 3(prima surpri/a in intrebare retorica '%("hy should I go there? 3(prima presupunere, deductie logica

In completiva directa dupa- to suggest+ to propose+ to insist+ to recommend+ to ad ise+ to urge...that In propo/itia subiectiva dupa constructii impersonale- it is0was ad isable0essential0better0fair0important0natural0necessary0right..that In propo/itia de scop dupa- so that+ in order that+ lest(ca sa nu...+ ca sa nu cum a...)+ for fear that In propo/itia conditionala tip I si II &intamplare' *upa verbe de emotie- to feel sory+ to be delighted+ to be annoyed+ to be shocked *upa- don-t think why+ see no reason why+ can-t think why

"u#ht to &ar trebui, s4ar cuveni'

3(prima o datorie, obligatie morala "u#ht to 5 Infinitive Perfect# datorie, obligatie neimplinita '%(/ou ought to ha e waited until the light were green.

$"%&' 5ccording to the wheather forecast it ought to rain today$+e worked here for 6 years$ !ou ought to know him$

Woul

3(prima o cerere politicoasa Would you pass$$$ Would you please$$$ Would you be so kind$$$ Would you mind" 0 &4ing'

7 "ould like0care#want 7 "ould care nu se foloseste in afirmativ Would rather (arata preferinta) Would better/had better (mai bine) Would sooner (mai degraba)

"infinitiv scurt &pentru acelasi subiect'

"past tense &pentru subiecte diferite'

3(prima o actiune repetata in trecut si incetata pre/ent &obisnuiam sa$$$'

*iferenta dintre used to si would1infiniti este ca al doilea se foloseste narativ 5pare dupa wish si if only pentru o dorinta in viitor 3(prima o probabilitate '%( That girl would be his sister* 3(prima o vointa la trecut iar la negativ refu/ '%(&he had to go there whether she would or wouldn-t.

6se to

5 nu se confunda cu to use# a folosi 2sed to modal au(iliar cu forma numai de trecut *esi e un modal au(iliar formea/a interogativul cu did si negativul cu did not &formal english' 5 nu se confunda cu- to be0get accustomed to dupa care urmea/a un substantiv sau un verb la gerun/iu '%(I am not used to drinking tea in the morning.

,are

La afirmativ e un verb notional obisnuit La interogativ si negativ el poate fi atat verb modal cat si verb obisnuit '%($ow dare you contradict me? (modal) I dared her0I challenged him to run in the street(a pro oca)