AP Physics B: Midterm Review (Kinematics)

Topics Covered in Class 1.) Vector Mathematics a. Vectors and scalars i. A Scalar is a quantity with only a magnitude ii. A Vector has magnitude and direction b. Addition c. Subtraction d. Multiplication i. Dot Product ii. Cross Product .) !inematic "ariables a. Displacment and distance #length) i. Displacement $ "ector ii. Distance $ scalar b. Velocity and speed #length per unit time) i. Velocity $ "ector ii. Speed $ scalar c. Acceleration #length per unit time squared) i. %oth "ector and scalar &.) 'ne Dimensional !inematics a. !inematic (quations i. v f = vi + at 1 ii. d = vi t + at iii. v f = vi + ad ).) *wo Dimensional !inematics a. Vertical and hori+ontal i. Motion along di,,erent a-es is independent ii. .esol"e "ectors into components along - and y a-es using trigonometry. b. /ree ,all problems i. Acceleration due to gra"ity is constant 1. equals 01.2m3s on the sur,ace o, (arth. 4.) !inematic 5raphs a. Distance "s. time graph b. Velocity "s. time graph c. Acceleration "s. time graph #const. acceleration)

Review Questions ( asy):

1.) 6hat is the displacement o, the cross0country team i, they begin at the school7 run 18 miles and ,inish bac9 at the school: .) 6hat is the distance and the displacement o, the race car dri"ers in the ;ndy 488: &.) *he "elocity0time graph ,or a two0stage roc9et is shown below. <se the graph and your understanding o, slope calculations to determine the acceleration and the displacement o, the roc9et ,rom #a) 8 to 1.8 s7 #b) 1.8 s to ).8 s7 #c) ).8s to 1 .8 s.

).) An airplane accelerates down a runway at &. 8 m3s ,or & .2 s until is ,inally li,ts o,, the ground. Determine the distance tra"eled be,ore ta9eo,,. 4.) A car starts ,rom rest and accelerates uni,ormly o"er a time o, 4. 1 seconds ,or a distance o, 118 m. Determine the acceleration o, the car. =.) <pton Chuc9 is riding the 5iant Drop at 5reat America. ;, <pton ,ree ,alls ,or .= seconds7 what will be his ,inal "elocity and how ,ar will he ,all: >.) A race car accelerates uni,ormly ,rom 12.4 m3s to )=.1 m3s in .)> seconds. Determine the acceleration o, the car and the distance tra"eled. 2.) A ,eather is dropped on the moon ,rom a height o, 1.)8 meters. *he acceleration o, gra"ity on the moon is 1.=> m3s . Determine the time ,or the ,eather to ,all to the sur,ace o, the moon. 1.) .oc9et0powered sleds are used to test the human response to acceleration. ;, a roc9et0powered sled is accelerated to a speed o, ))) m3s in 1.2 seconds7 then what is the acceleration and what is the distance which the sled tra"els: 18.)A bi9e accelerates uni,ormly ,rom rest to a speed o, >.18 m3s o"er a distance o, &4.) m. Determine the acceleration o, the bi9e.

Review Questions (!i""icult):

1. *he nucleus o, a helium atom #an alpha particle) tra"els along the inside o, a straight hollow tube .8 m long which ,orms part o, a particle accelerator. #a). Assuming uni,orm acceleration7 ,or how long is the particle in the tube i, it enters at a speed o, 1.8 - 18) m3sec and lea"es at 4.8 - 18= m3sec: #b). 6hat is its acceleration during this inter"al: . *he speed o, an automobile tra"eling due east is uni,ormly reduced ,rom >4.8 9m3hr to )4.8 9m3hr in a distance o, 22.4 m. #a). 6hat is the magnitude and direction o, the constant acceleration: #b). ?ow much time elapses during this deceleration: #c). ;, we assume that the car continues to decelerate at the rate calculated in #a)7 how much time would elapse in bringing it to rest ,rom >4.8 9m3hr: &. Suppose ; throw an eraser upward at 4.)8 m3sec. ?ow long will it ta9e to return to my hand: ?ow high will it go: 6hat will its acceleration be at the top o, its path: @eglect air resistance. ). Suppose ; throw an eraser at an angle o, =8 degrees abo"e the hori+ontal at a speed such that the upward component o, the "elocity is 4.)8 m3s. ?ow ,ar will the eraser tra"el be,ore returning to the height at which it was released: ?ow high will it go: 4. ;t ta9es 13&8 s to produce a complete image on a tele"ision screen. An electron beam tra"els across the screen 4 4 times in this time7 positioning itsel, a little lower on the screen with each pass. #a) ?ow ,ast does the electron beam tra"el across a screen with a width o, .4 m: #b) ;, the electron beam starts at the upper le,t hand corner o, the screen and ends at the lower right hand corner o, the screen7 and the tele"ision is square7 what is the magnitude o, its a"erage "elocity: =. ;n order to ma9e a long Aourney a spaceship must tra"el as ,ast as possible. .elati"ity and engineering technology limit its ma-imum speed to about one0tenth the speed o, light #the speed o, light is &-18B2 m/s). *o a"oid psychological stress on the shipCs occupants7 the ship can accelerate at only 18 m/s^2. #a) ?ow many years does it ta9e the ship to reach its ma-imum speed: #b) ?ow ,ar does it tra"el in that time: #c) Plot the position "s. time graph o, the spaceship #use seconds ,or time). >. A bat ,lying towards a wall sends out a sound wa"e at a distance o, m ,rom the wall. *he sound wa"e tra"els at &&8 m/s. ;, the bat is ,lying at 8 m/s7 how ,ar will it tra"el in the time it ta9es ,or the sound wa"e to hit the wall and return to the bat: 2. A stampeding herd o, bulls mo"es at a speed o, > m/s. A boy standing at rest 8 m in ,ront o, the bulls starts accelerating at & m/s^2. 6ill the boy ma9e it7 i.e. will he not be

trampled: Plot the time "s. position graphs o, the boy and the bulls on the same set o, a-es.