Further Pure 3: Complex Numbers

Past Examination Questions 1. In this question, z denotes the complex number (i) (ii) 1 1 (cos 1 3 + i sin 3 ). 2

(iii)

(i*) 2.

Write down z and z in polar !orm. "he points in an #r$and dia$ram which represent the numbers 1, 1 % z, 1 + z + z 2 and 1 + z + z 2 + z 3 are denoted b& #, ', ( and ) respecti*el&. +,etch a dia$ram to show these points, and -oin #', '( and (). Sn denotes the sum o! the series 1 + z + z 2 + ... + z n 1 . +how that 1 1 S. n = 1 . n 3 + i 3 3 2 /ou are $i*en that S6n con*er$es to S as n 0 1. Write down the *alue o! S. 3(4 5. 6anuar& 2772

(2) (2)

(2) (1)

8ind the cube roots o! 1 % 2i, $i*in$ &our answers, to 3 si$ni!icant !i$ures, in the !orm (2) r (cos + i sin ) , where r 9 7 and 7 < 2 . 3(4 5. 6une 2772 (i) (ii) (iii) :se de ;oi*re<s theorem to pro*e that cos = = >sin = >sin 2 + 1. ?ence show that one o! the roots o! the equation > x = > x 2 + 1 = 7 is sin 1 > and express the other roots in tri$onometrical !orm. 11 1 )educe that sin 1 2 2 and !ind an exact expression !or sin > . > = 2 3(4 5. 6une 2772 (3) (2) (=) (2) (3)

3.

=.

(i) (ii)

Write down the modulus and ar$ument o! 1 + i 3 . @i*en that z A 1 + i 3 , express zn in polar !orm. +,etch an #r$and dia$ram, and mar, and label the points correspondin$ to n A B2, B1, 1 and 3. 3(4 5. 6une 277=

2.

(i) (ii)

3 tan tan 3 . 1 3 tan 2 ?ence show that t = tan 1 C is a solution o! the equation :se de ;oi*re<s theorem to show that tan 3 = t 3 (3 3)t 2 3t + 3 = 7 , and !ind the other solutions in tri$onometrical !orm. 3(4 5. 6une 277=

(=)

(2)

..

(a) 8ind the six roots o! the equation z. A 1, $i*in$ &our answers in the !orm ei , where < . (b) It is $i*en that w = ei , where n . w2 1 (i) +how that = 2i sin . w w i = (ii) +how that 2 . w 1 2sin

(3)

(2) (2)

(iii) (i*) (c) (i)

2i = cot i . w 1 @i*en that z A cot D i, show that z % 2i A zw2. +how that

2

(3) (2) (1) (=) #F# 852 6une 277.

(ii)

Explain wh& the equation ( z + 2i ) . = z . has !i*e roots. 8ind the !i*e roots o! the equation ( z + 2i ) . = z . $i*in$ &our answers in the !orm a + ib.

G.

It is $i*en that z = ei . (a) (i) +how that 1 = 2 cos . z 8ind a similar expression !or 1 z2 + 2 . z ?ence show that 1 1 z 2 z + 2 + 2 = = cos 2 2 cos . z z z+ (2) (2) (3)

(ii)

(iii)

(b)

?ence sol*e the quartic equation z= z3 + 2z 2 z + 1 = 7 $i*in$ the roots in the !orm a + ib. #F# 852 6anuar& 277.

(2)

>.

(a) Express the complex numbers 3 + i and 2 D 2i in the !orm rei , where r 9 7 and (=) < . (b) +ol*e the equation (2 2i) z 3 = 3 + i , $i*in$ each answer in the !orm rei , where r 9 7 and < . (2) #F# 5= 6une 2772 :se de ;oi*re<s theorem to pro*e that cos 2 = cos (1. cos = 27 cos 2 + 2) . '& considerin$ the equation cos 2 = 7 , show that the exact *alue o! 2+ 2 1 . cos 2 ( 17 ) is > 3(4 :se de ;oi*re<s theorem to show that 2t 17t 3 + t 2 . tan 2 = 1 17t 2 + 2t =

C.

17 .

3(4

11 .

:se de ;oi*re<s theorem to show that sin 2 = a cos = sin + b cos 2 sin 3 + c sin 2 where a, b and c are inte$ers to be determined. ?ence show that sin 2 = 1. cos = 12 cos 2 + 1 ( k , where k ) . sin '& means o! the substitution x A 2cos, !ind, in tri$onometric !orm, the roots o! the equation x = 3x 2 + 1 = 7 . ?ence, or otherwise, show that 2 2 3 cos 2 ( 1 2 ) + cos ( 2 ) = = . HE#' (i) (ii) 8ind the exact modulus and ar$ument o! the complex number = 3 =i . ?ence obtain the roots o! the equation z 3 + = 3 + =i = 7 $*in$ &our answers in the !orm rei , where r 9 7 and < . 3(4

12 .

13 .

Express (> 2)(1 + i) in the !orm r (cos + i sin ) , where r 9 7 and < . ?ence, or otherwise, sol*e the equation z = = (> 2)(1 + i) , $i*in$ &our answers in polar !orm. 3(4