WINTER 2012 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Time: Three Hours Maximum marks:100 Answer FIVE questions, taking

ANY TWO from Group A, ANY TWO from Group B and ALL from Group C. All parts of a question (a. b etc) should be answered at one place. Answer should be brief and to-the point and be supplemented with neat sketches. Unnecessary long answers may result in loss of marks. Any missing or wrong data may be assumed suitably giving proper justification Figures on the right-hand side margin indicate full marks.

Group A
1. (a) Mention different types of Bravais lattices possible in crystalline materials. Compute the theoritical density of copper with an atomic radius of 1.28 and an atomic weight of 63.5 g/mol (b) Describe Ficks first law of diffusion. (c) (c) Differentiate between Frenkel and Schottky defects.

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Calculate the equilibrium concentration of vacancies in nickel at 300 K. Enthalpy of formation of vacancies in nickel, Hf = 168 kJ/mol ; R = 8.314 J/mol-K-1 3

2. (a) Define phase.State the conditions for unlimited solid solubility for an alloy system (b) Explain Gibbs phase rule. (b) Mention the differences between edge and screw dislocations.

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(d) For a 99.65 wt.% Fe-0.35 wt% C alloy at a temperature just below the eutectoid temperature, determine the following : 3+3. (i) Fractions of total ferrite and cementite phases. (ii) Fractions of the proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite

3. (a) Discuss in brief the different mechanisms of strengthening mechanisms in metals in brief. (b) Explain the cup-and cone fracture (c) Discuss briefly the three stages of an ideal creep curve. (d) State Griffith theory of brittle fracture.

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4. (a) Derive the expression for critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of a polycrystalline material (b) Deduce the relation between true strain and engineering strain. (c) Differentiate the following : (i) (ii) Hot and cold working Slip and twinning

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Group B
5. (a) Define hardenability. Mention the factors which affect hardenability. 1+4 5

(b) Explain carburizing and nitriding treatment for surface hardening . (c) What is tempering?.Suggest wheather tempering should be done at higher or lower tempering with reasons Define age-hardening? What are the main steps in the process of age-hardenable ?

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(d)

6. (a)What are glass-ceramics? How are they formed? What are the desirable characteristics of glass-ceramics? (b) What is tempered glass and how can it be produced?

2+2+2 2+2.

(c) What are refractories? How acid refractories differ from basic refractories? (d) Define thermal stress. What measures may be taken to reduce the likelihood of thermal shock of ceramic piece?.

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7. (a) Why are some plymers recyclable ? What are elastomers and their special property?. (b) Describe how addition polymerization is different from condensation polymerization. (c) What are Composites? What are the advantages of composite materials over engineering alloys. Clearly distinguish between particle reinforced and fibre reinforced composite.

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2+3+3. 8. (a) Differentiate between hard and soft magnetic materials with example. (b) Mention the major similarities and differences between ferromagnetic materials. (c) In terms of electron energy band structure, discuss reason for the difference in electrical conductivity between metals, semiconductors and insulators. 5 5

(d) To high-purity silicon is added 1023 m-3 arsenic atoms . (i) (ii) Is this material n-type or p-type? 2 Calculate the room temperature and electrical conductivity of this material.Given the electron mobility=0.07 m2/V-s 3

Group C
9. Answer the following in brief (i) Shear modulus G(Gpa), obeys proportionality with elastic modulus, E(Gpa), If E=117 for a metal and Poisons ration, v=0.31,find the value of G for the metal 10 2

(ii) Calculate the radius of tungsten atom at room temperature with a=0.3165 nm (iii) Stainless steels (an alloy of iron, a=0.2867 nm) always can contain huge amount of chromium(a=0.2885 nm) (iv) Define isomorphous system? Give an example. (v) A pure aluminium wire has been drawn at temperature of 250 0C.Is it hot or cold working by relevant parameter?.

(vi) What is peritectic reaction?

(vii)

Define (a) Magnetic susceptibility, and (b) Curie temperature.

(viii) What is the angle between [ 0 0 1 ] and [0 1 1] directions of cubic crystal (ix) (x) Define the glass transition temperature (Tg). What are superalloys? Give examples