Code No: RR310801 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MECHANICAL UNIT OPERATIONS
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain how cohesive solids flow out of bins. [6]

(b) The discharge opening for flow of solids out of bins plays an important role in
maintaining a proper control of the flow rate. Explain. [5]
(c) What causes the solids to arch or bridge in the container and prevent flow?
How is it overcome? [5]

2. (a) Explain the significance of Peclet number for axial mixing of solids. [8]
(b) Distinguish between cohesive and free flowing solids. [8]

3. (a) Obtain a relationship amongst the angle of nip, size of crusher roll and the
size of feed and product for a crushing roll. [8]
(b) If the crushing rolls of 1 m in diameter are set so that the crushing surfaces
are 10 mm apart and the angle of nip is 310 . What is the maximum size of
particles, which should be fed to rolls? [8]

4. The following relation between a and ∆p for CaCo3 slurry has been determined.
α = 8.8 × 1010 [1 + 3.36 × 10−4 (∆p)0.76 ]. A slurry of this material giving 3 kg of
cake solid/m3 of filtrate is to be filtered at a pressure drop of 1 atm. and at a
temperature of 300 C. A vaccum continuous filter is used to filter 5600 lit/hr of
filtrate from this slurry calculate the filter area required if the cycle time is 3 min
and the drum submergence is 50%.Take Rm = 1.2 × 1010 min−1 . [16]

5. (a) Write about concentration polarization in ultrafiltration membrane. equations

along with necessary. [10]
(b) Discuss about the ultrafiltration of skimmed milk in a hollow fiber UF module.
[6]

6. (a) Write about hydroclones for separation of liquids and solids. [8]
(b) Discuss about separation of immiscible liquids in centrifugal decanters. [8]

7. (a) Draw the graph between Power number vs Reynolds number with and without
baffles [6]
(b) Explain the similarities to be considered for scaling up of agitator design [6]
(c) Explain the different types of propellers used in agitator. [4]

8. (a) Explain crystallization with suitable examples. [4]

(b) Describe equilibrium solubility in crystallization. [4]

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Code No: RR310801 Set No. 1
(c) Define purity and yield. [8]

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Code No: RR310801 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MECHANICAL UNIT OPERATIONS
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) For flow of solids out of a bin which opening is preferable, side opening or a
bottom opening? Why? [6]
(b) What are the factors on which the rate of flow of granular solids by gravity,
through a circular opening in the bottom of a bin, depends upon? [5]
(c) Discuss about various devices for transportation of solids. [6]

2. Discuss about different mixers for free flowing solids. [16]

3. (a) What are various objectives of size reduction in chemical industry? [6]
(b) Name four ways, which are commonly used, for comminution of solids. Discuss
each one of them with reference to product size and equipment? [6]
(c) What do you understand by stages of reduction? Explain them with example.
[4]

4. The following relation between a and ∆p for CaCo3 slurry has been determined.
α = 8.8 × 1010 [1 + 3.36 × 10−4 (∆p)0.76 ]. A slurry of this material giving 3 kg of
cake solid/m3 of filtrate is to be filtered at a pressure drop of 1 atm. and at a
temperature of 300 C. A vaccum continuous filter is used to filter 5600 lit/hr of
filtrate from this slurry calculate the filter area required if the cycle time is 3 min
and the drum submergence is 50%.Take Rm = 1.2 × 1010 min−1 . [16]

5. (a) Write about concentration polarization in ultrafiltration membrane. equations

along with necessary. [10]
(b) Discuss about the ultrafiltration of skimmed milk in a hollow fiber UF module.
[6]

6. (a) Explain the working mechanism of continuous centrifuges. Explain any one of
them. [8]
(b) Write a brief note on disk centrifuge. [8]

7. (a) Show by dimensional analysis that the power required by mixer impeller can
be correlated by means of power number as a function of Reynolds number
and Froude number [10]
(b) Explain the physical significance of each number in the above correlation. [6]

8. (a) Explain crystallization with suitable examples. [4]

(b) Describe equilibrium solubility in crystallization. [4]

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Code No: RR310801 Set No. 2
(c) Define purity and yield. [8]

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Code No: RR310801 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MECHANICAL UNIT OPERATIONS
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Give a brief account about the different units in which particle sizes are con-
ventionally expressed. [6]
(b) Mention the various methods of measuring sizes of particles that are too fine
for screen analysis. [4]
(c) Finely divided clay is used as a catalyst in petroleum industry. It has a density
of 1200 kg/m3 and a sphericity of 0.5. The size analysis is:

Average diameter, mm Mass fraction

0.252 0.088
0.178 0.178
0.126 0.293
0.089 0.194
0.040 0.247
Find theD w [6]

2. Discuss about different mixers for free flowing solids. [16]

3. (a) What do you understand by critical speed in a ball mill? [4]

(b) Explain how the operation in a planetory mill can be effectively carried out
above critical speed. [4]
(c) What is meant by closed circuit and open circuit grinding? Give a flow diagram
for a closed circuit grinding. [8]

4. (a) Explain screening. [6]

(b) Discuss with suitable sketches the functioning of different types of screens.[10]

5. (a) Write about the effect of solute concentration on flux in UF system. [8]
(b) Write about concentration polarization in ultrafiltration membrane along with
necessary equations. [8]

6. (a) Write a note on sludge-separators. [8]

(b) Describe helical-conveyor centrifuge with a neat diagram. [8]

7. (a) Critically discuss the relative merits and demerits between turbine and pro-
peller impellers. Show the mixing profiles in a figure. [8]
(b) What are the various kinds of impellers for mixing of:

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Code No: RR310801 Set No. 3
i. Gases in liquids
ii. Solids catalysts in oil
iii. Emulsions of liquids
Also give reasons for your choice. [8]

8. (a) Describe the super saturation in terms of temperature difference. [8]

(b) A 32.5 percent solution of MgSO4 at 48.90 C is cooled, without appreciable
evaporation to 21.10 C in a batch water cooled crystallizer. How much heat
must be removed from the solution per ton of crystals? [8]

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Code No: RR310801 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MECHANICAL UNIT OPERATIONS
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Give an account of the characterization of solid particles. [6]

(b) The screen analysis shown below applies to a sample of crushed quartz. The
density of the particles is 2650 kg/m3 and the shape factors are: a = 2 and
Φs = 0.571. For the material between 4 mesh and 200 mesh in particle size
calculate Ds and Dw . [10]

Mesh no. Dpi ,mm Mass fraction,Xi Mesh no. Dpi ,mm Mass fraction,Xi
4 4.699 0.0000 35 0.417 0.9616
6 3.327 0.0251 48 0.295 0.9718
8 2.362 0.1501 65 0.208 0.9795
10 1.651 0.4787 100 0.147 0.9853
14 1.168 0.7278 150 0.104 0.9894
20 0.833 0.8868 200 0.074 0.9925
28 0.589 0.9406 Pan .... 1.0000
2. Discuss about different mixers for free flowing solids. [16]
3. (a) What are various objectives of size reduction in chemical industry? [6]
(b) Name four ways, which are commonly used, for comminution of solids. Discuss
each one of them with reference to product size and equipment? [6]
(c) What do you understand by stages of reduction? Explain them with example.
[4]
4. (a) Differentiate between constant pressure and constant rate filtration. [6]
(b) The following filtration data were obtained on a 5% by weight of CaCo3 slurry
in water using a pressure differential of 4.14 ×104 N/m2 gauge ratio of wet cake
is 1.35. the area of filtration is 0.186 m2 calculate the specific cake resistance
and filter medium resistance.
Filtrate collected (kgs) 0 2.275 4.55 6.825 9.08 11.37 13.65
[10]
Time interval (minutes) 0 0.7 0.52 0.65 0.75 1.0 10.08
5. (a) Explain the performance of a ultrafiltration membrane in terms of permeate
flux and solute rejection. [8]
(b) Write about the ultrafiltration of skimmed milk in a hollow fiber UF module.
[8]
6. (a) Discuss differential settling method and obtain the relation between diameters
and densities of two different density particles. [8]

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Code No: RR310801 Set No. 4
(b) Write a note about clarifiers and thickeners. [8]

7. (a) Explain Zwietering’s correlation for uniform suspensions. [8]

(b) Explain bubble behaviour in gas dispersion. [8]

8. (a) What is a crystal? Write about invariant crystals and about crystal size and
shape factors? [8]
(b) Write short notes on homogenous nucleatron. [8]

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