1

CHINA BANKING CORPORATION,- versus -BENJAMIN CO G.R. No. 174569 Pr !" #$e% A&se!"e o' ( s)o* !+ ,)(, #e, , o!ers )(ve (! ur+e!, (!- #(r(.ou!, !ee- 'or ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o! ,o #reve!, rre#(r(&$e -(.(+e, ,)e/ (re !o, e!, ,$e- ,o su") *r ,. 1(",s% Pe, , o!er C) !( B(!2 !+ Cor#or(, o! so$- $o,s $o"(,e- (, 3,. Be!e- ", 3u&- v s o! ,o #e, , o!er C(s,ro s#ouses (!- ,o #e, , o!er No+o/ s#ouses. T)e $o,s o' ,)e C(s,ro s#ouses (!- ,)e No+o/ s#ouses (re "o..o!$/ &ou!- o! ,)e r sou,)e(s,er! s -e ! ,)e !(.e o' res#o!-e!, Be!0(. ! Co 4Co5 (!- ) s s &$ !+s. Co (!- ) s s &$ !+s e!,ere- !,o ( 0o !, ve!,ure * ,) res#o!-e!, T)ree K !+s Co!s,ru", o! (!- Re($,/ Cor#or(, o! 'or ,)e -eve$o#.e!, o' ( su&- v s o! #ro0e",. I! 6778, Co s,(r,e- "o!s,ru", !+ ( #er .e,er *($$ o! ,)e r $o,. #e, , o!ers, ,)rou+) "ou!se$, *ro,e res#o!-e!,s (s2 !+ ,)e. ,o s,o# "o!s,ru", !+ ,)e *($$, (!- re.ove ($$ !s,($$e- "o!s,ru", o! .(,er ($s (!- res,ore ,)e 'or.er "o!- , o! *) ") ,)e/ 4#e, , o!ers5 "$( .e- ,o &e ( ro(- $o,. T)e/ ($so "$( .e- ,)(, ,)e "o!s,ru", o! o&s,ru",e- (!- "$ose- ,)e o!$/ .e(!s o' !+ress (!e+ress o' ,)e No+o/ s#ouses (!- ,)e r '(. $/, (!- (, ,)e s(.e , .e, "(ve- ! (!- .#e-e- ,)e ve!, $(, o! (!- "$e(r(!"e -ue ,)e C(s,ro s#ouses9 res -e!, ($ )ouse. Pe, , o!ers9 -e.(!- re.( !e- u!)ee-e-, #ro.#, !+ ,)e. ,o ' $e &e'ore ,)e Re+ o!($ Tr ($ Cour, 4RTC5 ( "o.#$( !, 'or !0u!", o!, res,or(, o! o' ro(- $o,:r +), o' *(/ (!- -(.(+es * ,) #r(/er 'or ,e.#or(r/ res,r( ! !+ or-er (!-:or *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o!. Be'ore res#o!-e!,s ' $e- ,)e r A!s*er, #e, , o!ers ' $e- (! A.e!-e- Co.#$( !,, ($$e+ !+ ,)(, ,)e "o!s,ru", o! o' ,)e #er .e,er *($$ *(s ($.os, ' ! s)e- (!- ,)us .o- '/ !+ ,)e r #r(/er 'or ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! ,o ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o!. RTC -e! e- ,)e (##$ "(, o! 'or ,)e *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o!. Issue% ;)e,)er or !o, ,)e *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o! s)ou$- &e ssue-. He$-% To &e e!, ,$e- ,o ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o!, )o*ever, ,)e #e, , o!ers .us, es,(&$ s) ,)e 'o$$o* !+ re<u s ,es% 4(5 ,)e !v(s o! o' ,)e r +), sou+), ,o &e #ro,e",e- s .(,er ($ (!- su&s,(!, ($= 4&5 ,)e r +), o' ,)e "o.#$( !(!, s "$e(r (!- u!. s,(2(&$e= (!- 4"5 ,)ere s (! ur+e!, (!- #er.(!e!, !e"ess ,/ 'or ,)e *r , ,o #reve!, ser ous -(.(+e. 3 !"e ( #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o! "o..(!-s ,)e #er'or.(!"e o' (! (",, , -oes !o, #reserve ,)e s,(,us <uo (!- s ,)us .ore "(u, ous$/ re+(r-e- ,)(! ( .ere #ro) & , ve !0u!", o!. A""or- !+$/, ,)e ssu(!"e o' ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o! s 0us, ' e- o!$/ ! ( "$e(r "(se, 'ree 'ro. -ou&, or - s#u,e. ;)e! ,)e "o.#$( !(!,9s r +), s ,)us -ou&,'u$ or - s#u,e-, )e -oes !o, )(ve ( "$e(r $e+($ r +), (!-, ,)ere'ore, ,)e ssu(!"e o' !0u!", ve re$ e' s .#ro#er. T)e &es, ev -e!"e ,)us ,)(, ,)e $o, ! ,) s "(se s ( ro(- $o,, *ou$- &e ( .e.or(!-u. ,o ,)(, e''e", (!!o,(,e- o! ,)e "er, ' "(,e o' , ,$e "over !+ ,. Pe, , o!ers #rese!,e- ( Tr(!s'er Cer, ' "(,e o' T ,$e &u, ,)e (!!o,(, o! -oes !o, e>#$ " ,$/ s,(,e, ,)(, ?o, No. 87@8-E s ( ro(- $o,. T)e TCT #rese!,e- &/ ,)e res#o!-e!, -o !o, "o!,( ! ,)e ('ore.e!, o!e- .e.or(!-u. > > > T)e o"u$(r !s#e", o! s)o*e- ,)(, A#e, , o!ersB * $$ !o, $ose (""ess ,o ,)e r res -e!"es. As ( .(,,er o' '(",, $o, 87@8-E s !o, &e !+ use- (s (! (""ess ro(- ,o ,)e r res -e!"es (!- ,)ere s (! e> s, !+ se"o!-(r/ ro(- * ,) ! 3,. Be!e- ", 3u&- v s o! ,)(, serves (s ,)e .( ! (""ess ro(- ,o ,)e ) +)*(/. ; ,) res#e", ,o ,)e &$o"2 !+ o' ve!, $(, o! (!- $ +), o' ,)e res -e!"e o' ,)e 3#s. C(s,ro, su'' "e , ,o s,(,e ,)(, ,)e/ (re !o, -e#r ve- o' $ +), (!- ve!, $(, o!. T)e #er .e,er *($$ o' ,)e -e'e!-(!,s s s ,u(,e- o! ,)e $e', s -e o' ,)e +(r(+e (!- ,s 'ro!, e!,r(!"e s s, $$ o#e! (!- 'ree$/ (""ess &$e, A&se!"e o' ( s)o* !+ ,)(, #e, , o!ers )(ve (! ur+e!, (!- #(r(.ou!, !ee- 'or ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o! ,o #reve!, rre#(r(&$e -(.(+e, ,)e/ (re !o, e!, ,$e- ,o su") *r ,.

;HERE1ORE, ,)e #e, , o! s CENIEC.

Pre/s$er vs. Cour, o' A##e($s G.R. No. 15@141, Ju$/ 11, 6776 ,)e o&0e", ve o' ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! s ,o #reserve ,)e s,(,us <uo u!, $ ,)e .er ,s o' ,)e "(se "(! &e 'u$$/ )e(r-. 1ACT3% Pr v(,e res#o!-e!, 1(r E(s, E!,er#r ses, I!"., o*!s T($ Be(") 3u&- v s o!. Pe, , o!er 1(us,o Pre/s$er, Jr. (!- ) s * 'e o*!e- $o,s ,)ere ! (!- ($so ,*o #(r"e$s o' $(!- (-0("e!, ,o ,)e su&- v s o!. To +( ! (""ess ,o ,)e ,*o #(r"e$s #e, , o!er )(s ,o #(ss ,)rou+) #r v(,e res#o!-e!,9s su&- v s o!. Pe, , o!er o''ere- P17,777 'or ,)e e(se.e!, o' r +), o' *(/ &u, #r v(,e res#o!-e!, re'use- , 'or &e !+ +ross$/ !(-e<u(,e. Pr v(,e res#o!-e!, ,)e! &(rr "(-e- ,)e 'ro!, +(,e o' #e, , o!er9s #ro#er,/ ,o #reve!, #e, , o!er (!- ) s '(. $/ 'ro. us !+ ,)e su&- v s o! ro(-s ,o (""ess s( - #(r"e$s. T)e #e, , o!er ' $e-, * ,) ,)e Re+ o!($ Tr ($ Cour,, ( Co.#$( !, 'or R +), o' ;(/ * ,) #r(/er 'or #re$ . !(r/ #ro) & , ve !0u!", o! (+( !s, #r v(,e res#o!-e!,. A',er -ue )e(r !+, ,)e ,r ($ "our,, ! (! Or-er -(,eNove.&er 5, 1996, )e$- ,)(, &(rr "(- !+ ,)e #ro#er,/ ,o #reve!, ,)e #e, , o!er 'ro. e!,er !+ , -e#r ve) . o' ) s o*!ers) # r +),s (!- "(use- rre#(r(&$e -(.(+e (!- !0ur es. A""or- !+$/, ,)e *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! *(s ssue- o! Ce"e.&er 16, 1996. O! Ju$/ @, 199@, #e, , o!er use- ,)e su&- v s o! ro(- ,o ,r(!s#or, )e(v/ e<u #.e!, (!- "o!s,ru", o! .(,er ($s ,o -eve$o# ) s #ro#er,/. Co!se<ue!,$/, #r v(,e res#o!-e!, .ove- ,o - sso$ve ,)e *r , "$( . !+ ,)(, ,)e #e, , o!er v o$(,e- ,s r +), ,o #e("e'u$ #ossess o! (!- o""u#(, o! o' T($ Be(") 3u&- v s o! *)e! #e, , o!er &rou+), ! )e(v/ e<u #.e!, (!- "o!s,ru", o! .(,er ($s. Pr v(,e res#o!-e!, .( !,( !e- ,)(, ,)e -(.(+es ,)(, .(/ &e "(use- ,o , '(r ou,*e +) ,)e ($$e+e- -(.(+es sou+), ,o &e #reve!,e- &/ ,)e #e, , o!er. I, ($$e+e- ,)(, ,)ere s (! ($,er!(,e rou,e (v( $(&$e ,o #e, , o!er, #(r, "u$(r$/ ,)e &(r(!+(/ ro($e(- !+ ,o B($(/, +ue (!- ,)e C($(&(rDo! Ro(-. I33EE% ;)e,)er or !o, ,)e r +), o' #(ss(+e ($$o*e- ! ,)e u!"o!,es,e- or + !($ *r , (##$ es !o, o!$/ ,o ,)e #e, , o!er (!- ) s )ouse)o$-, &u, ($so ,o ) s v s ,ors, "o!,r(",ors, "o!s,ru", o! *or2ers, (u,)or De#erso!s, )e(v/ e<u #.e!, .(") !er/, (!- "o!s,ru", o! .(,er ($s (s *e$$ (s ,)e !s,($$(, o! o' #o*er $ !es. RE?ING% Pre'(,or $/, *e !o,e ,)(, *)(, *(s +r(!,e- &/ ,)e ,r ($ "our, *(s ,)e #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o!, (!- ,)(, ,)e .( ! "(se 'or r +), o' *(/ )(s !o, /e, &ee! se,,$e-. ;e )(ve ! #rev ous "(sesA9B s( - ,)(, ,)e o&0e", ve o' ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! s ,o #reserve ,)e s,(,us <uo u!, $ ,)e .er ,s o' ,)e "(se "(! &e 'u$$/ )e(r-. 3,(,us <uo s ,)e $(s, (",u($, #e("e(&$e (!- u!"o!,es,e- s ,u(, o! *) ") #re"e-es ( "o!,rovers/. A17B T)e Cour, o' A##e($s *(s "orre", ! ,s ' !- !+s ,)(, ,)e $(s, (",u($, #e("e'u$ (!- u!"o!,es,es ,u(, o! ,)(, #re"e-e- ,)e "o!,rovers/ *(s so$e$/ ,)e (""ess o' #e, , o!er (!- ) s )ouse)o$- ,o ) s #ro#er,/ ou,s -e ,)e su&- v s o! 'or v s ,s (!- !s#e", o!s. A, ,)e , .e ,)e *r , *(s (##$ e- 'or ! 1995, ,)ere *(s s, $$ !o "o!s,ru", o! +o !+ o! ! ,)e #ro#er,/. I, *(s .ere$/ r(* $(!-. T)e use o' ,)e su&- v s o! ro(-s 'or !+ress (!- e+ress o' "o!s,ru", o! *or2ers, )e(v/ e<u #.e!,, -e$ ver/ o' "o!s,ru", o! .(,er ($s, (!- !s,($$(, o! o' #o*er $ !es, (re "$e(r$/ !o, #(r, o' ,)e s,(,us <uo ! ,)e or + !($ *r ,. A$o!+ ,) s $ !e, ,)e Cour, o' A##e($s #ro#er$/ se, (s -e ,)e (.e!-e- *r , (!- re !s,(,e- ,)e or + !($ *r ,.

G.R. No. ?-5784 Au+us, 17, 1911 MARCE?O MANTI?E, ET A?., #$( !, ''s-(##e$$ees, vs. A?EJANCRO CAJECOM, ET A?., -e'e!-(!,s-(##e$$(!,s. I, s ,)e or-er or *r , *) ") #ro) & ,s ( #(r, "u$(r #erso! 'ro. #er'or. !+ ( #(r, "u$(r (",, (!- ,)ere'ore, ' ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! )(s &ee! ssue- (+( !s, ( #(r, "u$(r #erso!, e!0o ! !+ ) ., 'or e>(.#$e, 'ro. #er'or. !+ (!/ (", *)(,ever ,)(, .(/ ,e!- ,o "$ose (!- o&s,ru", (! rr +(, o! - ,") &/ #reve!, !+ ,)e #(ss(+e o' ,)e *(,er, *)e! ,)e s( - - ,") *(s ($re(-/ "$ose-, , "(!!o, &e u!-ers,oo- ,)(, ,)e #erso!, (+( !s, *)o. ,)e #ro) & ,or/ or-er *(s ssue-, * $$'u$$/ - sre+(r-e- (!- - so&e/e- ,)e s( - 0u- " ($ *r , &/ !o, re.ov !+ ,)e o&s,("$e ,)(, #reve!,e- ,)e '$o* o' ,)e *(,er, &e"(use ,)e $(s, o#er(, o! s !o, "overe- &/ ,)e *r , o' !0u!", o!. 1ACT3 O! Ju!e 66, 197@, ,)e (,,or!e/s 'or ,)e #$( !, ''s M(r"e$o M(!, $e, e, ($. ' $e- ( *r ,,e! "o.#$( !, (+( !s,

3
A$e0(!-ro C(0u"o. (!- T .o,eo C(0u"o. *)ere ! ,)e/ #r(/e- 'or ,)e ssu(!"e o' *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! ,o res,r( ! ,)e -e'e!-(!,s 'ro. "o!, !u !+ ,o "$ose ,)e "(!($ ores,ero "($$e- P($ +u !+ Bu<u Pu!,(!+ P ! # !+, ! ,)e &(rr o o' B +( o' ,)e #ue&$o o' Bo!+(&o!. T)e #$( !, ''s )(v !+ 'ur! s)e- &o!-, ,)e "our,, &/ or-er o' Ju$/ 66, 197@, - re",e- ,)(, #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! ssue (+( !s, ,)e s( - -e'e!-(!,s, ,)e r (+e!,s (!- re#rese!,(, ves. B/ ,)e *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! ssue- o! Ju!e 66, 197@, ,)e -e'e!-(!,s A$e0(!-ro (!- T .o,eo C(0u"o., ,)e r (,,or!e/s, re#rese!,(, ves (!- (+e!,s, *ere e!0o !e-. ;)e! ,)e *r , o' !0u!", o! *(s ssue- o! ,)e 66,) o' Ju!e, , *(s ,(2e! 'or +r(!,e- ,)(, ,)e es,ero or "(!($ ! <ues, o! *(s "$ose- (!- ,)(, ,)e *(,er - - !o, ru! ,)rou+) ,, (s o""urre- #r or ,o ,)e s( - 1s, o' Ju!e. A!- "ou!se$ 'or ,)e #$( !, ''s, ! ")(r+ !+, &/ ( *r , !+ o' Ju$/ 6, 197@, ,)(, "o!,e.#, o' "our, *(s "o.. ,,e-, s,(,e- ,)(, ,)e -e'e!-(!,s, (""or- !+ ,o ,)e !'or.(, o! )e )(-, *ere s, $$ o&s,ru", !+ (!) !-er !+ ,)e #(ss(+e o' ,)e *(,er, ! - so&e- e!"e o' ,)e *r , o' !0u!", o!. T)e -e'e!-(!,s )(v !+ &ee! !o, ' e- ,o s)o* "(use *)/ ,)e/ s)ou$- !o, &e #u! s)e- 'or "o!,e.#, o' "our, (!- - so&e- e!"e o' ,)e #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! ssue- &/ ,)e "our,, (!s*ere- ,)(, s !"e ,)e 8r- o' Ju$/, ,)e -(,e *)e! ,)e/ *ere !o, ' e- &/ ,)e -e#u,/ s)er '', ,)e/ )(- "o.#$ e- * ,) ,)e #ro) & ,or/ or-er (!- )(- !o, -o!e (!/,) !+ *)(,ever, &/ ,)e.se$ves or ,)rou+) o,)ers ! ,)e r re#rese!,(, o!, ,o ,)e s,re(. or - ,") ! <ues, o!, *) ") *(s "$ose- &/ ,*o ,e!(!,s o' o!e o' ,)e -e'e!-(!,s, A$e0(!-ro C(0u"o., o! Ju!e 1, 197@= (s ("2!o*$e-+e- &/ s( - ,e!(!,s. I33EE ;)e,)er or !o, ,)e -e'e!-(!,s - so&e/e- ,)e *r , o' !0u!", o!. RE?ING NO. T)e *r , ssue- &/ ,)e "our, "o!,( !e- !o or-er !s,ru", !+ ,)e -e'e!-(!,s ,o r( se or re.ove ,)e o&s,ru", o!s ,)(, #reve!,e- ,)e *(,er 'ro. '$o* !+ ,)rou+) ,)e s( - "(!($ or - ,"). T)e (", o' ,)e "$os !+ o' ,)e "(!($ o""urre- #r or ,o ,)e ssu(!"e o' ,)e *r ,, (!-, s !"e ( ,) !+ ,)(, )(s ($re(-/ &ee! -o!e "(! !o, &e #ro) & ,e-, &/ ,)e .ere '(", o' ,)ere !o, )(v !+ &ee! -o!e *)(, *(s !o, or-ere- ! ,)e *r , , "(! !o, &e )e$- ,)(, ( 0u- " ($ or-er *(s - so&e/e- (!- * $$'u$$/ - sre+(r-e-. T)e "(!($ *(s o&s,ru",e- (!- "$ose- o! Ju!e 1s,, (!- *)e! ,)e #erso!s *)o "$ose- , *ere !o, ' e- o! Ju$/ 8 ,)(, ,)e/ s)ou$- (&s,( ! 'ro. #er'or. !+ (!/ (", *)(,ever ,e!- !+ ,o o&s,ru", (!- #reve!, ,)e '$o* o' *(,er, ,)e "(!($ or - ,") s, $$ re.( !e- "$ose-, (!- ,)e re"or- s)o*s !o #roo' ,)(, , *(s (',er*(r-s o#e!e- ,o ,)e #(ss(+e o' *(,er, !or ,)(,, (',er ,)e -e'e!-(!,s )(- &ee! !o, ' e- o' ,)e !0u!", o!, ,)e/ (+( ! "$ose- ,. T)e '(", ,)(, ,)e $(,,er '( $e- ,o re.ove ,)e o&s,ru", o! ,)e/ )(- #$("e- ! ,)e s( - "(!($ or es,ero 'or ,)e #ur#ose o' #reve!, !+ ,)e #(ss(+e o' ,)e *(,er, s !"e ,)e/ *ere !o, or-ere- so ,o -o &/ ,)e 0u- " ($ *r ,, s !o, su'' " e!, ,o .(2e ,)e. $ (&$e 'or "o!,e.#, o' "our,. 3e", o! 166 o' ,)e Co-e o' C v $ Pro"e-ure #res"r &es% A! !0u!", o! s ( *r , or or-er re<u r !+ ( #erso! ,o re'r( ! 'ro. #(r, "u$(r (",. T)e s( - *r , #ro) & ,e- ,)e #er'or.(!"e o' (!/ (", ,)(, *ou$- o&s,ru",, "$ose, or ) !-er ,)e "ourse o' ,)e *(,er ,)rou+) ,)e P ! # !+ "(!($ or "ree2, *)e! , *(s ($re(-/ o&s,ru",e- (!- "$ose-= (!- (s ,)e re.ov($ o' ,)e .#e- .e!, or o&s,ru", o! *(s !o, or-ere-, ,)e -e'e!-(!,s *ere !o, o&$ +e- ,o #er'or. (!/ #(r, "u$(r (",, (!- ,)e r !(", o! ! $e(v !+ ,)e "(!($ "$ose- -oes !o, "o!s, ,u,e "o!,e.#, o' "our,, (s ,)e/ - - !o, v o$(,e (!/ 0u- " ($ #ro) & , o!. T)e re"or- s)o*s ,)(, ,)e #ro) & , o! *(s ssue- (',er ,)e "$os !+ o' ,)e "(!($= )e!"e, ' ,)e -e'e!-(!,s - - !o, re.ove ,)e o&s,ru", o!, ,)e/ - so&e/e- !o or-er.

AG.R. No. 189767. Au+us, 5, 6778.B 1E?IPE 3F CENGOG vs. COERT O1 APPEA?3, JEAN A. GATO, ! ) s o'' " ($ "(#(" ,/ (s RTC 3)er '', ?(#u-?(#u C ,/ (!- CAR?O3 GOTHONG ?INE3, INC. Pur#ose o' #re$ . !(r/ I!0u!", o! s ,o #reserve ,)e s,(,us <uo o' ,)e .(,,er su&0e", o' ,)e (", o! 1ACT3% C(r$os Go,)o!+ ? !es ' $e- ( "o.#$( !, 'or s#e" ' " #er'or.(!"e (+( !s, ,)e s#ouses Cu!+o+ 4#(re!,s o' )ere ! #e, , o!er5 ,o e!'or"e ,)e "o!,r(", o' s($e o' ,)e #(r"e$ o' $(!- o*!e- &/ v(r ous !- v -u($s.

4
Go,)o!+ ? !es '(u$,e- ,)e s#ouses Cu!+o+ 'or !o!--e$ ver/ o' so.e #(r"e$s o' $(!-, *) ") resu$,e- ,o (! over#(/.e!, ! ,)e (.ou!, #( -. T)e s#ouses Cu!+o+, )o*ever, "o!,e!-e- ,)(, , *(s Go,)o!+ ? !es *) ") &re(")e- ,)e "o!,r(", &/ s,o## !+ #(/.e!, o! ,)e $(s, 'our ")e"2s !,e!-e- (s ,)e $(s, !s,($$.e!,s 'or,)e $(!-. T)e s#ouses Cu!+o+ o##ose- Go,)o!+ ? !esG (##$ "(, o! 'or ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! o! ,)e +rou!- ,)(, Go,)o!+ ? !es v o$(,e- ,)e ,er.s o' ,)e "o!,r(", (!- ,)e o,)er "o!,e.#or(!eous (+ree.e!,s &e,*ee! ,)e.. Ho*ever, ,)e ,r ($ "our, +r(!,e- ,)e #r(/er 'or !0u!", o!, e!0o ! !+ ,)e s#ouses Cu!+o+ 'ro. "(!"e$$ !+ ,)e "o!,r(", ,o se$$. T)ere(',er, ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! *(s ssue-. Pe, , o!er (ss( $e- ,)e or-er (!- ,)e *r , ! ( s#e" ($ " v $ (", o! 'or"er, or(r &e'ore ,)e Cour, o' A##e($s. T)e (##e$$(,e "our, - s. sse- ou,r +), ,)e #e, , o!, (s *e$$ (s -e! e- ,)e .o, o! 'or re"o!s -er(, o!. I33EE% Pro#r e,/ o' ,)e *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! ssue- &/ ,)e ,r ($ "our,. HE?C% I! -e!/ !+ ,)e #e, , o!, ,)e 3u#re.e Cour, ru$e- ,)(, #e, , o!er "o.. ,,e- ( #ro"e-ur($ &$u!-er ! ' $ !+ ( s#e" ($ " v $ (", o! 'or"er, or(r ,o (ss( $ ,)e or-er (!- ,)e *r ,. T)e #e, , o! *(s !o, ( #(r,/ ,o ,)e " v $ "(se (!-, ,)ere'ore, "ou$- !o, (ss( $ ,)e *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! ,)rou+) ( #e, , o! 'or "er, or(r &e'ore ,)e Cour, o' A##e($s. T)e (##e$$(,e "our, *(s "orre", ! s(/ !+ ,)(, ,)e #e, , o!er -oes !o, #ossess ,)e re<u s ,e s,(!- !+ ,o ' $e su") su ,. 15. A+( !s, *)o. s !0u!", o! ssue- !o "our, )(s ,)e #o*er ,o !,er'ere &/ !0u!", o! * ,) ,)e 0u-+.e!,s or -e"rees o' ( "o!"urre!, or "oor- !(,e 0ur s- ", o! )(v !+ e<u($ #o*er ,o +r(!, ,)e !0u!", ve re$ e' sou+), &/ !0u!", o!, e>"e#, ! "(ses *)ere ,) r- #(r,/ "$( .(!, s !vo$ve-, ! or-er ,o #reve!, o!e "our, 'ro. !u$$ '/ !+ ,)e 0u-+.e!, or #ro"ess o' (!o,)er "our, o' ,)e s(.e r(!2 or "(,e+or/, ( #o*er *) ") -evo$ves u#o! ,)e #ro#er (##e$$(,e "our,. . T)e #ur#ose o' ,)e ru$e s ,o (vo - "o!'$ ", o' #o*er &e,*ee! - ''ere!, "our,s o' "oor- !(,e 0ur s- ", o!. T)ere'ore, ( *r , o' !0u!", o! s)($$ !o, ssue (+( !s, ( 0u-+.e!, o' ( "our, e>"e#, ! "(ses o' ,) r- #(r,/ "$( .(!,. TRACER3 ROFA? BANK H IAC G.R. No. 66861 1ACT3 -O! M(r") 1@, 19@8, #e, , o!er Tr(-ers Ro/($ B(!2 ' $e- ( "(se (+( !s, Re."o A$"o)o$ C s, $$er/, I!" &e'ore ,)e RTC P(s(/ 'or ,)e re"over o' ,)e su. o' P6,8@6,65@.71 o&,( ! !+ ,)ere ! ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ (,,(").e!, - re",e- (+( !s, ,)e (sse,s (!- #ro#er, es o' Re."o. Pursu(!, ,o ,)e *r , o' (,,(").e!,, Ce#u,/ 3)er '' 3(!, (+o $ev e- (.o!+ o,)ers (&ou, 4,677 &(rre$s o' (+e- or re", ' e- ($"o)o$ 'ou!- * ,) ! ,)e #re. ses o' Re."o. A ,) r- #(r,/ "$( . *(s ' $e- * ,) ,)e Ce#u,/ 3)er '' &/ )ere ! res#o!-e!, ?( To!-eI(, I!" "$( . !+ o*!ers) # over s( - (,,(")e- #ro#er,/, "$( . !+ o*!ers) # over s( - #ro#er,/. -?( To!-eI( ($so ' $e- ( "o.#$( !, ! !,erve!, o! ($$e+ !+ (.o!+ o,)ers ,)(, , )(- .(-e (-v(!"es ,o Re."o *) ") ,o,($e- P8. (!- *) ") re.( !s ou,s,(!- !+ (s o' -(,e. 3u&se<ue!,$/, ?( To!-eI(, * ,)ou, ,)e 'ore+o !+ "o.#$( !, ! !,erve!, o! )(v !+ #(sse- u#o! &/ RTC ' $e- ( .o, o! ,o * ,)-r(* #r(/ !+ ,)(, , &e ($$o*e- ,o * ,)-r(* ($"o)o$ (!- .o$(sses 'ro. Re."o (!- *) ") .o, o! *(s +r(!,e-. -T)e 'ore+o !+ or-er *(s )o*ever re"o!s -ere- &/ ,)e PAs(/ Cour, &/ v r,ue o' ,s or-er -e"$(r !+ ,)(, ,)e ($"o)o$ *) ") )(s !o, &ee! * ,)-r(*! re.( !s ! ,)e o*!ers) # o' Re."o. A .o, o! 'or re"o!s -er(, o! o' ,)e s( - or-er *(s ' $e- &/ ?( To!-eI(. I, ($so #r(/e- ,)(, ,)e #or, o! o' ,)e or-er -e"$(r !+ Re."o ,o &e ,)e o*!er o' ,)e su&0e", ($"o)o$ &e re"o!s -ere- (!- s,r 2e! o'' s( - or-er. T) s .o, o! )(s !o, &ee! reso$ve- *)e! ( .(! 'es,(, o! ,)(, , *(s * ,)-r(* !+ ,s .o, o! 'or re"o!s -er(, o! *(s ' $e- &/ ?( To!-eI( -?( To!-eI( ,)e! !s, ,u,e- &e'ore RTC Bu$("(! ! *) ") , (sser,e- ,s "$( . o' o*!ers) # over ,)e #ro#er, es (,,(")e- (!- $ 2e* se #r(/e- 'or ,)e ssu(!"e o' ( *r , o' Pre$ . !(r/ M(!-(,or/ (!Pro) & ,or/ I!0u!", o!. A .o, o! ,o - s. ss 4'or ,)e (##$ "(, o! 'or P.I.5 *(s ' $e- &/ #e, , o!er. ?( To!-eI( ' $e- o##os , o! ,o ,)e MTC. 3u&se<ue!,$/, ,)e <ues, o!e- or-er *(s ssue- &/ ,)e res#o!-e!, Ju-+e -e"$(r !+ ?( To!-eI( ,o &e ,)e o*!er o' ,)e - s#u,e- ($"o)o$ (!- +r(!, !+ ,)e $(,,er9s (##$ "(, o! 'or !0u!", ve re$ e' 43)er '' Ev(!+e$ s,( ssue- ,)e "orres#o!- !+ *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o!. P(s(/ Cour, ($so ssue- (! or-er re<u r !+ Ce#u,/ 3)er '' 3(!, (+o ,o e!'or"e ,)e *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ (,,(").e!, #rev ous$/ ssue- &/ s( - "our,, &/ #reve!, !+ res#o!-e!+ s)er '' (!- ?A To!-eI( 'ro. * ,)-r(* !+ or re.ov !+ ,)e - s#u,e- ($"o)o$ 'ro. ,)e Re."o (+e !+ *(re)ouse (, C($u.# , (!- re<u r !+ res#o!-e!,s ,o e>#$( ! (!- s)o* "(use *)/ ,)e/ s)ou$- !o, &e " ,e- 'or "o!,e.#, 'or * ,)-r(* !+ or re.ov !+ s( (,,(")e- ($"o)o$ &e$o!+ !+ ,o Re."o, 'ro. ,)e $(,,er9s (+e !+ *(re)ouse (, C($u.# ,, Bu$("(!. -Pe, , o!er ' $e- * ,) ,)e IAC ( #e, , o! 'or "er, or(r (!- #ro) & , o! * ,) (##$ "(, o! 'or *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! ,o (!!$ (!- se, (s -e ,)e Or-er o' RTC Bu$("(! ,o - sso$ve ,)e *r , o' #. .= ,o - sso$ve ,)e *r , o' #. . ssue- #ursu(!, ,o s( - or-er= ,o #ro) & , res#o!-e!, 0u-+e 'ro. ,(2 !+ "o+! D(!"e o' (!- (ssu. !+ 0ur s- ", o! (!- ,o "o.#e$ ?( To!-eI( (!- Prov !" ($ 3)er '' o' BE$("(! ,o re,ur! ,)e - s#u,e- ($"o)o$ ,o ,)e r or + !($ $o"(, o! (, Re."o9s *(re)ouse ! Bu$("(!. IAC - s. sse- ,)e #e, , o! 'or $("2 o' $e+($ (!'(",u($ &(s s. M1R *(s -e! e-. He!"e, ,) s #e, , o!. I33EE ;ON RTC )(s ,)e (u,)or ,/ ,o ssue, (, ,)e !s,(!"e o' ( ,) r--#(r,/ "$( .(!,, (! !0u!", o! e!0o ! !+ ,)e s($e o' #ro#er,/ #rev ous$/ $ev e- u#o! &/ ,)e s)er '' #ursu(!, ,o ( *r , o' (,,(").e!, ssue- &/ (!o,)er RTC.

5
HE?C Fes RATIO Ge!er($$/, ,)e ru$e ,)(, !o "our, )(s ,)e #o*er ,o !,er'ere &/ !0u!", o! * ,) ,)e 0u-+.e!,s or -e"rees o' ( "o!"urre!, or "oor- !(,e 0ur s- ", o! )(v !+ e<u($ #o*er ,o +r(!, ,)e !0u!", ve re$ e' sou+), &/ !0u!", o!, s (##$ e- ! "(ses *)ere !o ,) r- #(r,/ "$( .(!, s !vo$ve-, ! or-er ,o #reve!, o!e "our, 'ro. !u$$ '/ !+ ,)e 0u-+.e!, or #ro"ess o' (!o,)er "our, o' ,)e s(.e r(!2 or "(,e+or/, ( #o*er *) ") -evo$ves u#o! ,)e #ro#er (##e$$(,e "our,. T)e #ur#ose o' ,)e ru$e s ,o (vo - "o!'$ ", o' #o*er &e,*ee! - ''ere!, "our,s o' "oor- !(,e 0ur s- ", o! (!- ,o &r !+ (&ou, ( )(r.o! ous (!- s.oo,) 'u!", o! !+ o' ,)e r #ro"ee- !+s. As )e$- ! M(! $( Her($- Pu&$ s) !+ "o. vs R(.os% JI, )(s &ee! see! ,)(, ( se#(r(,e (", o! &/ ,)e 8r- #(r,/ *)o "$( .s ,o &e ,)e o*!er o' ,)e #ro#er,/ (,,(")e- s (##ro#r (,e. I' ,) s s so, , .us, &e (-. ,,e- ,)(, ,)e 0u-+e ,r/ !+ su") (", o! .(/ re!-er 0u-+.e!, or-er !+ ,)e s)er '' o' *)oever )(s ! #ossess o! ,)e (,,(")e- #ro#er,/ ,o -e$ ver , ,o ,)e #$( !, ''-"$( .(!, or -es s, 'ro. se D !+ ,. I, 'o$$o*s 'ur,)er ,)(, ,)e "our, .(/ .(2e (! !,er$o"u,or/ or-er, u#o! ,)e ' $ !+ o' su") &o!- (s .(/ &e !e"ess(r/, ,o re$e(se ,)e #ro#er,/ #e!- !+ ' !($ (-0u- "(, o! o' ,)e , ,$e. Jur s- ", o! over (! (", o! !"$u-es 0ur s- ", o! over (! !,er$o"u,or/ .(,,er !" -e!,($ ,o ,)e "(sue (!- -ee.e- !e"ess(r/ ,o #reserve ,)e su&0e", .(,,er o' ,)e su , or #ro,e", ,)e #(r, es9 !,eres,s. T) s s se$'-ev -e!,. CI3PO3ITION Pe, , o! - s. sse-= -e" s o! o' IAC s ('' r.e-

SOFIA DEVESA v. CRISPIN ARBES, G. R. No. 4891, March 23, 1909 Origin An injunction is a special remedy adopted in that code from American practice, and originally borrowed from English legal procedure, which was there issued by the authority and under the seal of a court of equity, and limited, as in other cases where equitable relief is sought, to cases where there is no plain, adequate, and complete remedy at law, which will not be granted while the rights between the parties are undetermined, except in extraordinary cases where material and irreparable injury will be done, which cannot be compensated in damages, and where there will be no adequate remedy, and which will not, as a rule, be granted, to take property out of the possession of one party and put it into that of another whose title has not been established by law. Fac !" Plaintiff alleging that the Defendant, acting as administrator of the estate of GregoriaArbes, deceased, had unlawfully taken ossession of certain rice lands and coconut gro!es, the ro erty of the Plaintiff, rayed for an in"unction restraining Defendant from continuing in ossession and en"oying the fruits of the land in #uestion$ %he com laint alleges that the ro erty in #uestion was assigned to Plaintiff&s deceased husband '(icente )ola* under the terms of an e+tra"udicial artition contract e+ecuted in the year 1,,- by the heirs of GregoriaArbes, )ola&s first wife, and that e!er since that date until the Defendant took ossession of this land, Plaintiff and her husband had continued in the #uiet, eaceable, and e+clusi!e ossession thereof$ %he trial court, a arently without gi!ing the Defendant an o ortunity to be heard, granted the reliminary in"unction rayed for, conditioned u on the e+ecution of a bond for costs and damages, whereu on the Defendant resented a motion which though irregular in form may fairly be regarded as a demurrer to the com laint on the ground that the facts alleged do not constitute a cause of action, and rayed that the reliminary in"unction be dissol!ed$ .owe!er, the trial court o!erruled the demurrer and declined to dissol!e the reliminary in"unction$ %he trial court on the leadings and roof submitted at the trial found that the Plaintiff was entitled to the ossession of the land in #uestion, and rendered final "udgment in accordance with the rayer of the com laint, granting a final in"unction er etually restraining the Defendant administrator from continuing in ossession of the land in #uestion or en"oying the fruits thereof$ I!!#$" /as the remedy by in"unction sought by the Plaintiff and allowed by the trial court was ro er0 %$&'" 1o$ 2n accordance with the ro!isions of )ection 123 of the 4ode of 4i!il Procedure, the court should ha!e granted 5relief consistent with the case made by the com laint and su orted by the e!idence and embraced within the issue,6 and to that end should ha!e re#uired an amendment of the com laint by striking out the rayer for an in"unction and substituting therefor a rayer for "udgment for ossession of the land described in the com laint, and u on the com laint thus amended, "udgment should ha!e been rendered in fa!or of the Plaintiff$ 7oth the arties to this action a ear to ha!e labored under a misa rehension as to the ur ose, sco e, and limitations of the s ecial remedy, known as an in"unction, and defined in )ection 132 of the 4ode of 4i!il Procedure$ %he records in many cases in this court disclose a considerable degree of doubt and uncertainty in the minds of counsel as to the function of this remedy, and in some cases a wholly erroneous conce t of the ur ose and ob"ect for which it is ro!ided$ %his erroneous conce t may, erha s, be due to the fact that in the ) anish !ersion of the new 4ode of 4i!il Procedure, the term in"unction is translated interdictoprohibitorio, which may thus ha!e gi!en rise to the im ression that the remedy by in"unction is similar in character to the summary interdictal actions of the ) anish rocedural law8 but while the in"unction resembles in many res ects the interdicto of the 9oman law, es ecially the decretal (decretale, quod praetor re nataimplorantibusdecrevit , and while it also resembles to a certain degree in its o eration and effect, the interdictos de adquirir, de retener, and de recobrar or de despojo of

3
the ) anish rocedural law8 ne!ertheless, it is wholly distinct therefrom, and, as a rule, the circumstances under which, in accordance with the former rocedural law, these interdictos ro erly issued, would not "ustify nor sustain the issuance of an in"unction, as defined and ro!ided in the new 4ode of 4i!il Procedure$ An in"unction is a 5s ecial remedy6 ado ted in that code from American ractice, and originally borrowed from :nglish legal rocedure, which was there issued by the authority and under the seal of a court of e#uity, and limited, as in other cases where e#uitable relief is sought, to cases where there is no 5 lain, ade#uate, and com lete remedy at law6, which 5will not be granted while the rights between the arties are undetermined, e+ce t in e+traordinary cases where material and irre arable in"ury will be done,6 which cannot be com ensated in damages, and where there will be no ade#uate remedy and which will not, as a rule, be granted, to take ro erty out of the ossession of one arty and ut it into that of another whose title has not been established by law$ %his court has fre#uently held, when treating of the s ecial remedies by in"unction, mandamus and rohibition, which are ro!ided in the new 4ode of Procedure in 4i!il 4ases, that the acce ted American doctrine limiting the use of these remedies to cases where there is no other ade#uate remedy, and otherwise controlling the issuance of these writs, and must be deemed to limit their use in like manner in this "urisdiction, when not otherwise ro!ided by law; to hold otherwise would be to render ractically of no effect the !arious ro!isions of the code touching many if not most of the ordinary actions, and the enforcement of "udgment in such actions8 for it may well be su osed that if a com lainant could secure relief by in"unction in e!ery case where 5the Defendant is doing or threatens or is about to do, or is rocuring or suffering to be done, some act robably in !iolation of the Plaintiff&s rights6 and could enforce the "udgment granting the in"unction by the summary contem t roceedings authori<ed in section 1-2 of the code to unish !iolations of in"unctions, he would seldom elect to enforce his rights in such cases by the ordinary remedies, in!ol!ing as they do the difficult and of times fruitless labor of enforcing "udgments obtained therein by e+ecution$ MABAYO FARMS, INC., herein represented by its President MRS. RORAIMA SILVA, petitioner, vs. HON. COURT OF APP ALS !nd ANTONIO SANTOS, respondents. ".R. N#. $%&&'(, A)*)st $, +&&+ Thus, a person who is not a party in the main suit, like private respondent in the instant case, cannot be bound by an ancillary writ, such as the writ of preliminary injunction issued against the defendants in Civil Case No. 66 ! as he cannot be affected by any proceeding to which he is a stranger." #acts$ %n &ugust '', ( 6 , the )ureau of *ands declared #rancisco +omingo, ,eynaldo #lorida, Cornelio -ilipino and .everino /istan, lawful possessors of the 0orong, )ataan Cadastre *ot. *ater, -etitioner bought the respective portions of +omingo, #lorida, -ilipino and /istan and entered into a compromise settlement with si1 other persons occupying the property, whose applications had been rejected by the )ureau. 2n 3une ( 4, a group of occupants entered the land, destroyed the fences and drove away livestock owned by petitioner. -etitioner filed a complaint for injunction with damages, with a prayer for a temporary restraining order. Named as defendants were 3uanito 2nfante, +omingo 2nfante, *ito 0angalidan, 3aime &5uino, 3ohn +oe, -eter +oe, and ,ichard +oe. The trial court issued the temporary restraining order 6T,%7 and the sheriff served copies on the defendants. The sheriff accompanied petitioner8s president to the property where they found five 6!7 persons cultivating the land. They refused to give their names or receive copies of the T,% claiming that they were only farm workers of a certain &ntonio .antos who allegedly owned the land. %n &pril (9, ( :, the trial court issued a writ of preliminary injunction restraining the defendants or persons acting on their behalf from entering and cultivating the disputed property. The aforementioned writ was also served upon respondent. -rivate respondent filed a special civil action for certiorari with the Court of &ppeals. ;e alleged that he was not a party to the earlier case and that it was grave abuse of discretion for the trial court to enforce the injunctive writ against him since it did not have jurisdiction over him. 2ssue$ <hether or not private respondent is bound by the writ of preliminary injunction issued by the trial court. ,uling$ & preliminary injunction is an order granted at any stage of an action prior to final judgment, re5uiring a person to refrain from a particular act. &s an ancillary or preventive remedy, a writ of preliminary injunction may therefore be resorted to by a party to protect or preserve his rights and for no other purpose during the pendency of the principal action. 2ts object is to preserve the status quo until the merits of the case can be heard. 2t is not a cause of action in itself but merely a provisional remedy, an adjunct to a main suit. Thus, a person who is not a party in the main suit, like private respondent in the instant case, cannot be bound by an ancillary writ, such as the writ of preliminary injunction issued against the defendants in Civil Case No. 66 !. ;e cannot be affected by any proceeding to which he is a stranger. The persons specifically enjoined in the order were the defendants in Civil Case No. 66 ! or persons acting in their stead. -etitioner itself admitted that private respondent was not a defendant in Civil Case No. 66 ! since =at the institution of the case in ( 4, he 6private respondent7 did not have a right over any portion of petitioner8s lot.=

Neither was he a trespasser then. &lso, nothing in the records indicate that private respondent was acting on behalf of any of the defendants. Taking all these into consideration, we must hold that the writ of preliminary injunction thus cannot be made to apply to private respondent. ,H R FOR , the instant petition is - NI - and the assailed decision of the Court of &ppeals is AFFIRM -. .hort version$ The case mentioned 6no. 66 !7 was between the defendants and 0abayo farms> -rivate respondent wasn8t included in it. ;ence, the ruling? G.R. No. ()*+*+ March 24, 19*4 ,-AN G. FE(ICIANO, E. A(., /$ 0 0o1$r!)a//$&&a1 !, v!. MARIANO A(IPIO, E. A(., r$!/o1'$1 !)a//$&&$$ Pr01c0/&$" Although the petition filed against public officers is one for a declaratory relief, yet if it prays also for the issuance of a permanent injunctionfrom carrying out the provisions of a !epartment "ircular on ground of unconstitutionality, the same is equivalent to an action for prohibition and the court should not dismiss the petition but should proceed with the case considering the action as one for prohibition. Fac !" Petitioner filed a etition for declaratory relief and mandatory in"unction, raying that the 4ircular 1o$ 2= 'declaring 5the ublic school u il and students may be re#uired to salute the flag* be declared null and !oid, and that reliminary in"unction be issued rohibiting res ondent >ariano Ali io and other teachers of the >alacam a :lem$ )chool and Director of Public )chools from carrying out the ro!isions of the circular8 and that after the trial, the reliminary in"unction be made ermanent$ %he ro!incial ?iscal of %arlac filed a motion to dismiss on the ground that under )ec$2 of 933, it was not a case in which a declaratory "udgement could be rendered$ %he court dismissed the case, hence this etition$ I!!#$" /@1 declaratory relief be granted$ R#&012" 2t is not necessary to decide whether the etition for declaratory "udgement maybe granted because in the etition resented in the court, in addition to the declaratory "udgment, the etitioners rayed for the issuance of a ermanent in"unction, which is e#ui!alent to an action for rohibition against ublic officers, and as such we consider it, without assing at this stage of roceedings on the merits of said action$ %he order dismissing the etition is re!ersed, and the case returned to 4?2 %arlac for further roceeding as in an action for rohibition$ SUPREME COURT Manila FIRST DIVISION G.R. No. 164548 September 27, 2006 PHI IPPINE N!TION! "!N#, petitioner, vs. R$ %ENTURES RE! T& ' (E%E OPMENT CORPOR!TION )*+ R!$!H "RO!(C!STING NET,OR#, INC.,respondents.

ONE- INE RU ING An injunctive remedy may only e resorted to !"en t"ere is a pressin# necessity to avoid irrepara le injury $ t"at !"ic" leads to injurious conse%uences !"ic" cannot e remedied under any standard compensation, and does not "ave re&erence to t"e amount o& dama#es t"at may e caused ut rat"er to t"e di&&iculty o& measurin# t"e dama#es in&licted. .!CTS 'N( sold t"e (uendia 'roperty to First )omen*s +redit +orporation ,F)++- &or '.,/01,111,111.11. F)++ "as already deposited 213 o& t"e actual price, and t"e remainin# alance "as to e settled !it"in .1 days. In t"e meantime, F)++ assi#ned its ri#"ts, claims, interests and title to t"e (uendia 'roperty to R4 Ventures Realty 5 Development +orporation ,R4VD-. To pay &or t"e alance, 'N( a#reed to #rant R4VD a loan e%uivalent to 613 o& t"e alance, on t"e condition t"at R4VD "as to put up an additional 213 deposit.

,
To ma7e t"e deposit, it !as a#reed t"at 'N( !ill #rant a loan to Raja" (roadcastin# Net!or7 ,R(N-, an a&&iliate company o& R4VRD, !"ic" !ill in turn e loaned to R4VRD. 8ater, R(N secured anot"er loan &rom 'N( in t"e amount o& '211,111,111.11, and y !ay o& security, R(N assi#ned in &avor o& 'N(, all its ri#"ts and interest over radio and television &re%uencies issued y t"e National Telecommunications +ommission, located in Tu#ue#arao, (a#uio, Manila, +e u, (acolod, Iloilo, includin# t"ose in +a#ayan de Oro ,FM Stations-, and Manila ,AM Station and TV9:;F Station-. R4VRD and R(N de&aulted in t"eir payments pendin# ne#otiations to restructure t"e loans. 'N( made a demand to R(N &or t"e turnover o& t"e possession and<or control o& (roadcastin# =%uipment Inventory in (a#uio +ity, and R4VRD received a Notice o& =>trajudicial Sale &or t"e (uendia 'roperty. Respondents R4VRD and R(N lod#ed a complaint, claimin# t"at t"e action on t"e part o& 'N( to &oreclose t"e collaterals pled#ed or mort#a#ed y R4VRD and R(N, includin# t"e e>trajudicial sale o& t"e (uendia 'roperty, and t"e planned ta7e over o& R(N*s radio &acilities in (a#uio +ity !ould e, amon# ot"ers, premature. To support its Application &or t"e Issuance o& a Temporary Restrainin# Order and a )rit o& 'reliminary Injunction, respondents alle#ed t"at R4VRD and RN( !ould su&&er #reat and irrepara le injury y t"e e>trajudicial &oreclosure o& t"e property and t"e ta7e over o& R(N*s radio &acilities in (a#uio. T"e TRO !as denied, and t"e (uendia 'roperty !as &oreclosed and sold at a pu lic auction, !it" 'N( as t"e "i#"est idder. 8ater, R(N received a Notice o& =>trajudical Sale &rom 'N(, speci&yin# t"erein t"at t"e property covered y (roadcatin# =%uipment Inventory located at (a#uio +ity !ill e sold &or cas" at a pu lic auction. Respondents &iled an :r#ent Application &or t"e Issuance o& a Temporary Restrainin# Order and<or )rit o& 'reliminary Injunction, !"ic" !as issued y t"e trial court. :pon Motion &or Reconsideration y 'N(, t"e )rit o& 'reliminary Injunction !as li&ted. Respondents moved &or reconsideration ut !as denied, so t"ey elevated t"eir case to t"e +ourt o& Appeals. T"e +ourt o& Appeals issued a Resolution, #rantin# t"e )rit o& 'reliminary Injunction, enjoinin# 'N( and its a#ents &rom &oreclosin# t"e collaterals pled#ed and mort#a#ed y R4VRD and R(N and &rom ta7in# over possession and control o& R(N radio &acilities in (a#uio +ity. 'N( moved &or reconsideration ut !as denied, "ence t"e instant petition. ISSUE )"et"er respondents R4VRD and R(N are entitled to t"e )rit o& 'reliminary Injunction RU ING ?es. T"is +ourt "as stressed t"at t"e very &oundation o& t"e jurisdiction to issue a !rit o& injunction rests in t"e e>istence o& a cause o& action and in t"e pro a ility o& irrepara le injury, inade%uacy o& pecuniary compensation and t"e prevention o& multiplicity o& suits. First, respondents !ere a le to esta lis" a clear and unmista7a le ri#"t to t"e possession o& t"e su ject collaterals. =vidently, as o!ner o& t"e su ject collaterals t"at stand to e e>trajudicially &oreclosed, respondents are entitled to t"e possession and protection t"ereo&. R(N as t"e o!ner and operator o& t"e su ject radio e%uipment and radio stations "ave a clear ri#"t over t"em. Second, t"ere is an ur#ent and paramount necessity to prevent serious dama#e. Indeed, an injunctive remedy may only e resorted to !"en t"ere is a pressin# necessity to avoid injurious conse%uences !"ic" cannot e remedied under any standard compensation. To e sure, t"is court "as declared t"at t"e term irrepara le injury "as a de&inite meanin# in la!. It does not "ave re&erence to t"e amount o& dama#es t"at may e caused ut rat"er to t"e di&&iculty o& measurin# t"e dama#es in&licted. I& &ull compensation can e o tained y !ay o& dama#es, e%uity !ill not apply t"e remedy o& injunction. T"e +ourt o& Appeals declared t"at t"e evidence adduced y respondents more t"an satis&ies t"e le#al and jurisprudential re%uirements o& irrepara le injury. It e"ooves t"is court to appreciate t"e uni%ue c"aracter o& t"e collaterals t"at stand to e a&&ected s"ould t"e )rit o& 'reliminary Injunction e dissolved as 'N( !ould "ave it. T"e direct and inevita le result !ould e t"e stoppa#e o& t"e operations o& respondents* radio stations, conse%uently, losin# its listeners"ip, and tarnis"in# t"e ima#e t"at it "as uilt over time. It does not stretc" one*s ima#ination to see t"at t"e cost o& a destroyed ima#e is si#ni&icantly t"e loss o& its #ood name and reputation. As aptly appreciated y

A
t"e appellate court, t"e value o& a radio station*s ima#e and reputation are not %uanti&ia le in terms o& monetary value. Case Digest on DELTAVENTURES V.CABATO 9 M(r") 6777 Facts% T)e N?RC -e"$(re- C +u $,/ o' $$e+($ - s. ss($ (!- u!'( r $(&or #r(", "e. A *r , o' e>e"u, o! *(s ssue-. C ' $e- * ,) ,)e RTC ( "o.#$( !, 'or !0u!", o! (!- -(.(+es. RTC ssue- ( TRO. T)e $(&orers .ove- 'or ,)e - s. ss($ o' ,)e " v $ "(se o! ,)e +rou!- o' $("2 o' 0ur s- ", o!. Issue% ;)e,)er ,)e RTC )(- 0ur s- ", o! Held% No. T)e RTC )(s !o 0ur s- ", o! ,o (", o! $(&or "(ses or v(r ous !" -e!,s (r s !+ ,)ere'ro., !"$u- !+ ,)e e>e"u, o! o' -e" s o!s, (*(r-s or or-ers. T)e RTC, &e !+ ( "o-e<u($ &o-/ o' ,)e N?RC, )(s !o 0ur s- ", o! ,o ssue (!/ res,r( ! !+ or-er or !0u!", o! ,o e!0o ! ,)e e>e"u, o! o' (!/ -e" s o! o' ,)e $(,,er. "(se - +es,s, "(se - +es,s o' su#re.e "our, -e" s o!s, "(se - +es,s P) $ ## !es, .o& $e #)o!e -e($s, $(#,o# "o.#u,ers, +(-+e,s, 'ree $e+($ o# ! o!, o!$ !e 0o&s, &es, $(* ' r.s ! M !-(!(o, Re.e- ($ ?(* OWWA V. CHAVEZ (REMEDIAL) Respondents prayed for the issuance of a WRIT OF PRELIMINARY INJUN TION to restrain petitioners fro!" #$ i!p%e!entin& its or&ani'ationa% structure as appro(ed )y the OWWA *oard of Trustees in its + January ,--. Reso%ution/ and ,$ ad(ertisin& and proceedin& 0ith the recruit!ent and p%ace!ent of ne0 e!p%oyees under the ne0 or&ani'ationa% structure$ RT &ranted respondents1 prayer for 0rit of pre%i!inary in2unction3 0hich the A appeared3 findin& that respondents possess a c%ear and %e&a% ri&ht to the issuance of the 0rit$ 4ection #3 Ru%e 56 of the Ru%es of ourt3 defines a PRELIMINARY INJUN TION as an order at

any sta&e of an action prior to the 2ud&!ent or fina% order re7uirin& a party or a court3 an a&ency3 or a person to refrain fro! a particu%ar act or acts$ To )e entit%ed to an in2uncti(e re%ief3 petitioner !ust sho03 inter alia3 the e8istence of a c%ear and un!ista9a)%e ri&ht and an ur&ent and para!ount necessity for the 0rit to pre(ent serious da!a&e$ the ru%e is3 the !atter of the issuance of a 0rit is addressed to the sound discretion of the tria% court3 un%ess the court co!!its &ra(e a)use of discretion$ More si&nificant%y3 a pre%i!inary in2unction is !ere%y a pro(isiona% re!edy3 an ad2unct to the !ain case su)2ect to the %atter1s outco!e3 the sole objective of which is to p ese ve thestatus quo !"til the t i#l co! t he# s f!ll$ the %e its of the c#se$ The status 7uo shou%d )e that e8istin& at the ti!e of the fi%in& of the case$ The status quo usua%%y preser(ed )y a pre%i!inary in2unction is the %ast actua% peacea)%e and uncontested status 0hich preceded the actua% contro(ersy$ The status quo ante litem is ine%ucta)%y3 the state of affairs 0hich is e8istin& at the ti!e of the fi%in& of the case$ Indu)ita)%y3 the tria% court !ust not !a9e use of its in2uncti(e po0er to a%ter such status$ We ho%d that the RT 3 in &rantin& the assai%ed 0rit of pre%i!inary in2unction3 co!!itted &ra(e a)use of discretion a!ountin& to %ac9 of 2urisdiction$ In the case at )ar3 the RT not !aintain the status quo 0hen it issued the 0rit of pre%i!inary in2unction$ Rather3 it effecti(e%y restored the situation prior to the status quo3 in effect3 disposin& the issue of the !ain case 0ithout tria% on the !erits$ The RT the parties$ for&ot that 0hat is i!perati(e in pre%i!inary in2unction cases is that the 0rit cannot )e effectuated to esta)%ish ne0 re%ations )et0een did

1=

This

ourt in %iftin& the therein assai%ed 0rit3 underscored the %e&a% proscription 0hich

states th#t co! ts sho!l& #voi& iss!i"' # w it of p eli%i"# $ i"j!"ctio" which wo!l& i" effect &ispose of the %#i" c#se witho!t t i#l$ As has )een reiterated3 in2unction is not a re!edy to protect or enforce contin&ent3 a)stract3 or future ri&hts/ it will "ot iss!e to p otect # i'ht "ot i" esse #"& which %#$ "eve # ise( o to est #i" #" #ctio" which &i& "ot 'ive ise to # c#!se of #ctio". A 0rit of pre%i!inary in2unction )ein& an e8traordinary e(ent3 one dee!ed as a stron& ar! of e7uity or a transcendenta% re!edy3$ it !ust )e &ranted on%y in the face of actua% and e8istin& su)stantia% ri&hts$ In the a)sence of the sa!e3 and 0here facts are sho0n to )e 0antin& in )rin&in& the !atter 0ithin the conditions for its issuance3 the anci%%ary 0rit !ust )e struc9 do0n for ha(in& )een rendered in &ra(e a)use of discretion$ Posted )y I(y : at ,",6 AM La)e%s" *rondia%;assi&ned case di&est3 Ri&ht in esse3 Writ of Pre%i!inary In2unction 15. (. E>e"u, ve 3e"re,(r/ vs. CA G.R. 181719 M(/ 65, 1994 1(",s% Be'ore RA @746 4T)e M +r(!, ;or2ers (!- Overse(s 1 $ # !os A",5 ,oo2 e''e",, As (! Re"ru ,.e!, Cou!" $ P) $ ## !e C)(r,er ' $e- ( #e, , o! 'or -e"$(r(,or/ re$ e' * ,) ( #$e( 'or ( TRO (!-:or *r , o' Pre$ . !(r/ I!0u!", o! e!0o ! !+ ,)e e!'or"e.e!, ,)ereo'. T)e TRO *(s +r(!,e- 'or ( #er o- o' 67 -(/s. ARCO-P) $ (ss( $e- ,)e ?(* o! sever($ +rou!-s (!")($$e!+e- ,)e "o!s, ,u, o!($ ,/ o' sever($ #rov s o!s. T)e #e, , o! 'or -e"$(r(,or/ re$ e' *(s -evo - o' .er , 'or '( $ !+ ,o "o!v !" !+$/ s)o* ,)e ?(* *(s u!"o!s, ,u, o!($ &e/o!- re(so!(&$e -ou&,. Ne"ess(r $/, ,)e (!" $$(r/ re.e-/ o' ( TRO (!- *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! .us, '( $. A',er or($ (r+u.e!,s, ,)e ,r ($ "our, +r(!,e- ,)e #$e( 'or ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! u#o! ( &o!- o' P57,777. A',er #e, , o!er #os,e- &o!- ,)e *r , *(s +r(!,e- e!0o ! !+ ,)e e!'or"e.e!, o' sever($ #rov s o!s o' RA @746. T)e #e, , o!ers ' $e- ( #e, , o! 'or "er, or(r * ,) ,)e Cour, o' A##e($s (ss( $ !+ ,)e or-er (!- ,)e *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! ssue- &/ ,)e ,r ($ "our, o! ,)e 'o$$o* !+ +rou!-s% 415 Res#o!-e!, ARCO-PHI?. )(u,,er$/ '( $e- ,o s)o* ,s "$e(r r +),:s or ,)(, o' ,s .e.&er-(+e!" es ,o &e #ro,e",e- &/ ,)e !0u!", ve re$ e' (!-:or v o$(, o! o' s( - r +),s &/ ,)e e!'or"e.e!, o' ,)e (ss( $e- se", o!s o' R.A. @746 465 Res#o!-e!, Ju-+e ' >e- ( P57,777 !0u!", o! &o!- *) ") s +ross$/ !(-e<u(,e ,o (!s*er 'or ,)e -(.(+e *) ") #e, , o!er-o'' " ($s .(/ sus,( !, s)ou$- res#o!-e!, ARCO-PHI?. &e ' !($$/ (-0u-+e- (s !o, &e !+ e!, ,$e,)ere,o. Pe, , o!ers (sser, ,)(, res#o!-e!, s !o, ,)e re($ #(r,/- !- !,eres, (s #e, , o!er ! ,)e ,r ($ "our, (!- '( $e,o es,(&$ s) ,)e re<u s ,es o' ( #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! (+( !s, ,)e e!'or"e.e!, o' ,)e ?(*. T)e (##e$$(,e "our, - s. sse- ,)e #e, , o! (! ('' r.e- ,)e or-er (!- *r , ssue- &/ ,)e ,r ($ "our,. Issue% Is #r v(,e res#o!-e!, e!, ,$e- ,o &e #ro,e",e- &/ ,)e !0u!", o! re$ e'K Is ,)e P57,777 &o!!(-e<u(,eK Ru$ !+% T)e RTC "o.. ,,e- +r(ve (&use o' - s"re, o! ! ssu !+ ,)e or-er (!- *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o!. L>> JT)e #oss &$e u!"o!s, ,u, o!($ ,/ o' ( s,(,u,e, o! ,s '("e, -oes !o, o' ,se$' 0us, '/ (! !0u!", o! (+( !s, +oo- '( ,) (,,e.#,s ,o e!'or"e ,, u!$ess ,)ere s ( s)o* !+ o' &(- '( ,), )(r(ss.e!,, or (!/ o,)er u!usu($ " r"u.s,(!"e ,)(, *ou$- "($$ 'or e<u ,(&$e re$ e'. T)e Mo! ,s '("eM !v($ -(, o! o' s,(,u,es )(s &ee! -es"r &e- (s M.(! 'es,$/ s,ro!+ .e- " !e,M ,o &e e.#$o/e- Ms#(r !+$/ (!- o!$/ (s ( $(s, resor,,M (!- s +e!er($$/ - s'(vore-. To &e e!, ,$e- ,o ( #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! ,o e!0o ! ,)e e!'or"e.e!, o' ( $(* (ss( $e- ,o &e u!"o!s, ,u, o!($, ,)e #(r,/ .us, es,(&$ s) ,)(, , * $$ su''er rre#(r(&$e )(r. ! ,)e (&se!"e o' !0u!", ve re$ e' (!- .us, -e.o!s,r(,e ,)(, , s $ 2e$/ ,o su""ee- o! ,)e .er ,s, or ,)(, ,)ere (re su'' " e!,$/ ser ous <ues, o!s +o !+ ,o ,)e .er ,s (!- ,)e &($(!"e o' )(r-s) #s , #s -e" -e-$/ ! ,s '(vor.N >>> A ) +)er s,(!-(r- re'$e",s 0u- " ($ -e'ere!"e ,o -e.o"r(, " #ro"esses. I! ssu !+ ,)e *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o!, ,)e ,r ($ "our, 'rus,r(,e- ,)e #rose"u, o! o' $$e+($ re"ru ,ers. T)e #e, , o! s +r(!,e-. T)e (ss( $e- -e" s o! s reverse- (!- se, (s -e. T)e *r , s !u$$ ' e-. CE?TA HENTERE3 H. CABATO 867 3CRA 561

11
OEI3EMBING= MARCH 9, 6777 JERI3CICTION% COERT3 HAHE NO JERI3CICTION TO ACT ON ?ABOR CA3E3 ORHARIOE3 INCICENT3 ARI3ING THERE1ROM, INC?ECING THE ELECETION O1 CECI3ION3, A;ARC3 OR ORCER3. NATERE 3#e" ($ " v $ (", o! 'or "er, or(r see2s ,o (!!u$ ,)e Or-er Ju-+e C(&(,o o' ,)e RTC, - s. ss !+ #e, , o!erGs (.e!-e- ,) r--#(r,/ "o.#$( !,, (s *e$$ (s ,)e Or-er -e!/ !+ .o, o! 'or re"o!s -er(, o!. FA T4" A :ecision 0as rendered )y LA dec%arin& the <reen Mountain Far!3 Ro)erto On&pin and A%!us A%a)e &ui%ty of I%%e&a% :is!issa% and Unfair La)or Practice and orderin& the! to pay the co!p%ainants3 in so%idu! p%us attorney1s fees in the a!ount of P#-3---$--$ A%!us A%a)e is a%so ordered to ans0er in e8e!p%ary da!a&es in the a!ount of P53---$-- each to a%% the co!p%ainants$LA issued a 0rit of e8ecution directin& NLR :eputy 4heriff Ada! =entura to e8ecute the 2ud&!ent$ 4heriff =entura then proceeded to enforce the 0rit )y &arnishin& certain persona% properties of respondents$ Findin& that said 2ud&!ent de)tors do not ha(e sufficient persona% properties to satisfy the !onetary a0ard3 4heriff =entura proceeded to %e(y upon a rea% property re&istered in the na!e of Ro)erto On&pin3 one of the respondents in the %a)or case$ *efore the schedu%ed auction sa%e3 herein petitioner fi%ed )efore the o!!ission a third;party c%ai! assertin& o0nership o(er the property %e(ied upon and su)2ect of the 4heriff>s notice of sa%e$ La)or Ar)iter Ri(era thus issued an order directin& the suspension of the auction sa%e unti% the !erits of petitioner1s c%ai! has )een reso%(ed ?o0e(er3 petitioner fi%ed 0ith the RT a co!p%aint for in2unction and da!a&es3 0ith a prayer for the issuance of a te!porary restrainin& order a&ainst 4heriff =entura$ Jud&e a)ato issued a te!porary restrainin& order3 en2oinin& respondents in the ci(i% case )efore hi! to ho%d in a)eyance any action re%ati(e to the enforce!ent of the decision in the %a)or case$ Further3 petitioner fi%ed 0ith the o!!ission a !anifestation 7uestionin& the %atter1s authority to hear the case3 the !atter )ein& 0ithin the 2urisdiction of the re&u%ar courts$ The !anifestation3 ho0e(er3 0as dis!issed )y La)or Ar)iter Ri(era$ I44UE" WON the tria% court !ay ta9e co&ni'ance of the co!p%aint fi%ed )y petitioner and conse7uent%y pro(ide the in2uncti(e re%ief sou&ht$ ?EL:" NO$ *asic as a horn)oo9 princip%e3 2urisdiction o(er the su)2ect !atter of a case is conferred )y %a0 and deter!ined )y the a%%e&ations in the co!p%aint 0hich co!prise a concise state!ent of the u%ti!ate facts constitutin& the petitioner1s cause of action$ Ostensi)%y the co!p%aint )efore the tria% court 0as for the reco(ery of possession and in2unction3 )ut in essence it 0as an action cha%%en&in& the %e&a%ity or propriety of the %e(y (is;a;(is the a%ias 0rit of e8ecution3 inc%udin& the acts perfor!ed )y the La)or Ar)iter and the :eputy 4heriff i!p%e!entin& the 0rit$ The co!p%aint 0as in effect a !otion to 7uash the 0rit of e8ecution of a decision rendered on a case proper%y 0ithin the 2urisdiction of the La)or Ar)iter3 to 0it" I%%e&a% :is!issa% and Unfair La)or Practice$ onsiderin& the factua% settin&3 it is then %o&ica% to conc%ude that the su)2ect !atter of the third party c%ai! is )ut an incident of the %a)or case3 a !atter )eyond the 2urisdiction of re&iona% tria% courts$ Precedent a)ound confir!in& the ru%e that said courts ha(e no 2urisdiction to act on %a)or cases or (arious incidents arisin& therefro!3 inc%udin& the e8ecution of decisions3 a0ards or orders$ Jurisdiction to try and ad2udicate such cases pertains e8c%usi(e%y to the proper %a)or officia% concerned under the :epart!ent of La)or and E!p%oy!ent$ To ho%d other0ise is to sanction sp%it 2urisdiction 0hich is o)no8ious to the order%y ad!inistration of 2ustice$ The )road po0ers &ranted to the La)or Ar)iter and to the Nationa% La)or Re%ations o!!ission )y Artic%es ,#@3 ,#6 and,,. of the La)or ode can on%y )e interpreted as (estin& in the! 2urisdiction o(er incidents arisin& fro!3 in connection 0ith or re%atin& to %a)or disputes3 as the contro(ersy under consideration3 to the e8c%usion of the re&u%ar courts$ ?a(in& esta)%ished that 2urisdiction o(er the case rests 0ith the o!!ission3 0e find no &ra(e a)use of discretion on the part of respondent Jud&e a)ato in denyin& petitioner1s !otion for the issuance of an in2unction a&ainst the e8ecution of the decision of the Nationa% La)or Re%ations o!!ission$ So# h$r1 Cro!! C$3$1 v! PCMC, ,#&4 8, 2004

12
RA.IONA(E ; 5 A writ of attachment shall not issue to en"oin ta+ collection$6 Facts: Pe, , o!er 3ou,)er! Cross Ce.e!, Cor#or(, o! 4J3ou,)er! CrossN5 s ( -o.es, " "or#or(, o! e!+(+e- ! ,)e &us !ess o' "e.e!, .(!u'(",ur !+, #ro-u", o! (!- .#or,(, o! O! 66 M(/ 6771, res#o!-e!, Ce#(r,.e!, o' Tr(-e (!- I!-us,r/ 4JCTIN5 (""e#,e- (! (##$ "(, o! 'ro. P) $"e."or 4PCMC5, ($$e+ !+ ,)(, ,)e .#or,(, o! o' +r(/ Por,$(!- "e.e!, ! !"re(se- <u(!, , es )(s "(use- -e"$ !es ! -o.es, " #ro-u", o!, "(#(" ,/ u, $ D(, o!, .(r2e, s)(re, s($es (!- e.#$o/.e!,= (s *e$$ (s "(use- -e#resse- $o"($ #r "es. A""or- !+$/, P) $"e."or sou+), ,)e .#os , o! (, ' rs, o' #rov s o!($, ,)e! $(,er, -e' ! , ve s('e+u(r- .e(sures o! ,)e .#or, o' "e.e!, #ursu(!, ,o ,)e 3MA 4Re#. A", No. @@77, ($so 2!o*! (s ,)e 3('e+u(r- Me(sures A",.

A',er #re$ . !(r/ !ves, +(, o!, ,)e Bure(u o' I.#or, 3erv "es o' ,)e CTI, -e,er. !e- ,)(, "r , "($ " r"u.s,(!"es e> s,e- 0us, '/ !+ ,)e .#os , o! o' #rov s o!($ .e(sures. ,)e CTI ,)e! ssue(! Or-er, .#os !+ ( #rov s o!($ .e(sure e<u v($e!, ,o T*e!,/ Pesos (!- 3 >,/ Ce!,(vos 4P67.675 #er 'or,/ 4475 2 $o+r(. &(+ o! ($$ .#or,(, o!s o' +r(/ Por,$(!- "e.e!, 'or ( #er o- !o, e>"ee- !+ ,*o )u!-re- 46775 -(/s 'ro. ,)e -(,e o' ssu(!"e &/ ,)e Bure(u o' Cus,o.s 4BOC5 o' ,)e .#$e.e!, !+ Cus,o.s Me.or(!-u. Or-er. T)e "orres#o!- !+Cus,o.s Me.or(!-u. Or-er *(s ssueo! 17 Ce"e.&er 6771, ,o ,(2e e''e", ,)(, s(.e -(/ (!- ,o re.( ! ! 'or"e 'or ,*o )u!-re- 46775 -(/s

Cue ,o CTI9s .#os , o! o' ,)e #rov s o!($ .e(sure, 3ou,)er! Cross ' $e- * ,) ,)e Cour, ( JHer/ Er+e!, A##$ "(, o! 'or ( Te.#or(r/ Res,r( ! !+ Or-er (!-:or A ;r , o' Pre$ . !(r/ I!0u!", o!N 4JTRO A##$ "(, o!N5, see2 !+ ,o e!0o ! ,)e CTI 3e"re,(r/ 'ro. e!'or" !+ ) s -e" s o!. Issue: ;)e,)er or !o, ( *r , o' reliminary in"unction en"oining the collection of ta+es is ro er0 R#&012!" %he court cannot grant a writ of reliminary in"unction en"oining the collection of ta+es, a reem tory "udicial act which is frowned u on, unless there is a statutory basis for it$ 2n that regard, )ection 21, of the %a+ 9eform Act of 1AA- rohibits any court from granting an in"unction to restrain the collection of any national internal re!enue ta+, fee or charge im osed by the internal re!enue code$ %herefore, a writ of attachment shall not issue to en"oin ta+ collection$ 3e. r(r( Co($ Cor#or(, o! vs HG? Ceve$o#.e!, Cor#or(, o!, 517 3CRA 479 CA3E 3TATEMENT% A $(*'u$ #ossessor s e!, ,$e- ,o &e res#e",e- ! ) s #ossess o! (!- (!/ - s,ur&(!"e o' #ossess o! s ( +rou!- 'or ,)e ssu(!"e o' ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o! ,o res,ore ,)e #ossess o!. 1ACT3% Pe, , o!er 3e. r(r( M ! !+ Cor#or(, o! s ( +r(!,ee &/ ,)e Ce#(r,.e!, o' E!er+/ 4COE5 o' ( Co($ O#er(, !+ Co!,r(", u!-er Pres -e!, ($ Ce"ree No. 9768 over ,)e e!, re Is$(!- o' 3e. r(r(, A!, <ue, *) ") "o!,( !s (! (re( o' 5,577 )e",(res .ore or $ess. Pr v(,e res#o!-e!, HG? Ceve$o#.e!, Cor#or(, o! s ( +r(!,ee o' 1ores, ?(!- Gr(D !+ ?e(se A+ree.e!, 41?G?A5 No. 1@4 &/ ,)e ,)e! M ! s,r/ o' E!v ro!.e!, (!- N(,ur($ Resour"es,5 over 867 )e",(res o' $(!$o"(,e- (, ,)e &(rr os o' Bo&o+ (!- Po!,o-, 3e. r(r(, C($u/(, A!, <ue. T)e 1?G?A No. 1@4 *(s ssue- o! 3e#,e.&er 6@, 19@46 'or ( ,er. o' 65 /e(rs, ,o e!- o! Ce"e.&er 81, 6779. 3 !"e ,s +r(!,, HG? )(s &ee! +r(D !+ "(,,$e o! ,)e su&0e", #ro#er,/. 3o.e, .e ! 1999, #e, , o!er9s re#rese!,(, ves (##ro(")e- HG? (!- re<ues,e- 'or #er. ss o! ,o ($$o* #e, , o!er9s ,ru"2s (!- o,)er e<u #.e!, ,o #(ss ,)rou+) ,)e #ro#er,/ "overe- &/ ,)e 1?G?A. HG? +r(!,e,)e re<ues, o! "o!- , o! ,)(, #e, , o!er9s use *ou$- !o, v o$(,e ,)e 1?G?A ! (!/ *(/. 3u&se<ue!,$/, )o*ever, #e, , o!er ere",e- sever($ &u $- !+s. Pe, , o!er ($so "o!-u",e- &$(s, !+ (!- e>"(v(, o!. T)us, ,)e $(!- *) ") )(- &ee! use- 'or "(,,$e +r(D !+ *(s +re(,$/ -(.(+e-, "(us !+ ,)e -e" .(, o! o' HG?9s "(,,$e. Pe, , o!er o""u# e- ,)e #ro#er,/ (!- #reve!,e- HG? 'ro. "o!-u", !+ ,s &us !ess *(/ &("2 ! 1999 *)e! HG? s, $$ )(- ,)e r +), ,o ,)e use (!- #ossess o! o' ,)e #ro#er,/ 'or (!o,)er 17 /e(rs or u!, $ 6779. O! 3e#,e.&er 66, 1999, HG? *ro,e #e, , o!er -e.(!- !+ 'u$$ - s"$osure o' #e, , o!er9s (", v , es o! ,)e su&0e", $(!- (s *e$$ (s #ro) & , !+ #e, , o!er 'ro. "o!s,ru", !+ (!/ .#rove.e!,s * ,)ou, HG?9s

13
#er. ss o!. Pe, , o!er +!ore- ,)e -e.(!- (!- "o!, !ue- * ,) ,s (", v , es. O! Nove.&er 17, 6778, HG? ' $e- ( "o.#$( !, (+( !s, ,)e CENR 'or s#e" ' " #er'or.(!"e (!- -(.(+es * ,) #r(/er 'or ( ,e.#or(r/ res,r( ! !+ or-er (!-:or *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o!, -o"2e,e- (s C v $ C(se No. 67675 467785 * ,) ,)e Re+ o!($ Tr ($ Cour, o' C($oo"(! C ,/. A *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! *(s ssue- &/ ,)e C($oo"(! C ,/ RTC o! Ce"e.&er 66, 6778, e!0o ! !+ ,)e CENR 'ro. e!'or" !+ ,s Ce"e.&er 6, 6777 Or-er o' C(!"e$$(, o!. Me(!*) $e, HG? )(- ($so ' $e- o! Nove.&er 17, 6778, ( "o.#$( !, (+( !s, #e, , o!er 'or Re"over/ o' Possess o! (!- C(.(+es * ,) Pr(/er 'or TRO (!-:or ;r , o' Pre$ . !(r/ M(!-(,or/ I!0u!", o!, -o"2e,e(s C v $ C(se No. C-146 * ,) ,)e Re+ o!($ Tr ($ Cour, o' Cu$(s , A!, <ue, Br(!") 18.9 O! 3e#,e.&er 16, 6774, ,)e ,r ($ "our, +r(!,e- ,)e #r(/er 'or ssu(!"e o' ( ;r , o' Pre$ . !(r/ M(!-(,or/ I!0u!", o!.16 Pe, , o!er - - !o, .ove 'or re"o!s -er(, o! o' ,)e or-er. T)e ;r , o' Pre$ . !(r/ M(!-(,or/ I!0u!", o! *(s (""or- !+$/ ssue- &/ ,)e ,r ($ "our, o! O",o&er 6, 6774.18 T)e *r , res,r( !e- #e, , o!er or ,s (+e!,s 'ro. e!"ro(") !+ o! ,)e su&0e", $(!- or "o!-u", !+ (!/ (", v , es ! ,, (!- "o..(!-e#e, , o!er ,o res,ore #ossess o! o' ,)e su&0e", $(!- ,o HG? or ,s (+e!,s. Pe, , o!er <ues, o!e- ,)e Reso$u, o! -(,e- 3e#,e.&er 16, 6774, (!- ,)e ;r , o' Pre$ . !(r/ M(!-(,or/ I!0u!", o! -(,e- O",o&er 6, 6774 &e'ore ,)e Cour, o' A##e($s ! ( #e, , o! 'or "er, or(r , r( s !+ e +), ssues. O! J(!u(r/ 81, 6775, )o*ever, ,)e (##e$$(,e "our, - s. sse- ,)e #e, , o!. I33EE% ;)e,)er ,)e Cour, o' A##e($s ser ous$/ erre- or "o.. ,,e- +r(ve (&use o' - s"re, o! ! ('' r. !+ ,)e 3e#,e.&er 16, 6774 Reso$u, o! o' ,)e Re+ o!($ Tr ($ Cour, o' A!, <ue +r(!, !+ ,)e *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o!. RE?ING% T)e Cour, o' A##e($s "orre",$/ u#)e$- ,)e ssu(!"e o' ,)e *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o! ! '(vor o' HG?. E!-er Ar, "$e 589 o' ,)e Ne* C v $ Co-e, ( $(*'u$ #ossessor s e!, ,$e- ,o &e res#e",e- ! ) s #ossess o! (!- (!/ - s,ur&(!"e o' #ossess o! s ( +rou!- 'or ,)e ssu(!"e o' ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o! ,o res,ore ,)e #ossess o!.67T)us, #e, , o!er9s "$( . ,)(, ,)e ssu(!"e o' ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o! s .#ro#er &e"(use ,)e !s,(!, "(se s ($$e+e-$/ o!e 'or ("" o! #u&$ " (!( -eserves !o "o!s -er(, o!. T) s Cour, )(s ($re(-/ ru$e- ! Torre, e, ($. v. Ho!. J. Oueru& !, e, ($.61 ,)(, #r or ,o ,)e #ro.u$+(, o! o' ,)e Ne* C v $ Co-e, , *(s -ee.e- .#ro#er ,o ssue ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! *)ere ,)e #(r,/ ,o &e e!0o !e- )(- ($re(-/ ,(2e! "o.#$e,e .(,er ($ #ossess o! o' ,)e #ro#er,/ !vo$ve-. Ho*ever, * ,) ,)e e!(",.e!, o' Ar, "$e 589, ,)e #$( !, '' s !o* ($$o*e- ,o (v( $ o' ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o! ,o res,ore ) . ! ) s #ossess o! -ur !+ ,)e #e!-e!"/ o' ) s (", o! ,o re"over #ossess o!.66 I, s $ 2e* se es,(&$ s)e- ,)(, ( *r , o' .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o! s +r(!,e- u#o! ( s)o* !+ ,)(, 4(5 ,)e !v(s o! o' ,)e r +), s .(,er ($ (!- su&s,(!, ($= 4&5 ,)e r +), o' "o.#$( !(!, s "$e(r (!- u!. s,(2(&$e= (!4"5 ,)ere s (! ur+e!, (!- #er.(!e!, !e"ess ,/ 'or ,)e *r , ,o #reve!, ser ous -(.(+e.68 I! ,)e !s,(!, "(se, , s "$e(r ,)(, (s )o$-er o' ( #(s,ure $e(se (+ree.e!, u!-er 1?G?A No. 1@4, HG? )(s ( "$e(r (!- u!. s,(2(&$e r +), ,o ,)e #ossess o! o' ,)e su&0e", #ro#er,/. Re"($$ ,)(, u!-er ,)e 1?G?A, HG? )(s ,)e r +), ,o ,)e $(*'u$ #ossess o! o' ,)e su&0e", #ro#er,/ 'or ( #er o- o' 65 /e(rs or u!, $ 6779. As $(*'u$ #ossessor, HG? s ,)ere'ore e!, ,$e- ,o #ro,e", o! o' ,s #ossess o! o' ,)e su&0e", #ro#er,/ (!(!/ - s,ur&(!"e o' ,s #ossess o! s ( v($ - +rou!- 'or ,)e ssu(!"e o' ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ .(!-(,or/ !0u!", o! ! ,s '(vor. T)e r +), o' HG? ,o ,)e #ossess o! o' ,)e #ro#er,/ s "o!' r.e- &/ #e, , o!er ,se$' *)e! , sou+), #er. ss o! 'ro. HG? ,o use ,)e su&0e", #ro#er,/ ! 1999. I! "o!,r(s, ,o HG?9s "$e(r $e+($ r +), ,o use (!- #ossess ,)e su&0e", #ro#er,/, #e, , o!er9s #ossess o! *(s .ere$/ &/ ,o$er(!"e o' HG? (!- o!$/ &e"(use HG? #er. ,,e- #e, , o!er ,o use ( #or, o! o' ,)e su&0e", #ro#er,/ so ,)(, ,)e $(,,er "ou$+( ! e(s er (""ess ,o ,s . ! !+ (re( ! ,)e P(!((! Co($ Reserve. 4&5 CE1INITION O1 PRE?IMINARF INJENCTION ?IMIT?E33 POTENTIA?3, INC., Pe, , o!er, - versus HON. COERT O1 APPEA?3, CRI3O3TOMO FA?ENG, (!- ATTF. ROF MANEE? HI??A3OR, Res#o!-e!,s. A #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! s ( #rov s o!($ re.e-/ ,)(, ( #(r,/ .(/ resor, ,o ! or-er ,o #reserve (!- #ro,e", "er,( ! r +),s (!- !,eres,s -ur !+ ,)e #e!-e!"/ o' (! (", o!. 1(",s% C + ,($ Ne,*or2s Co..u! "(, o!s (!- Co.#u,ers, I!". 4C + ,($5 (!- )ere ! #e, , o!er ? . ,$ess Po,e!, ($s,

14
I!". 4?PI5, e!,ere- !,o ( B $$&o(r- A-ver, se.e!, Co!,r(", *)ere&/ #e, , o!er *(s ,o "o!s,ru", o!e & $$&o(r- (-ver, se.e!, 'or C + ,($9s #ro-u", 'or ( #er o- o' o!e /e(r. C + ,($ "o.#$ e- * ,) ,)e ('ores( (+ree.e!,. T)e & $$&o(r-, )o*ever, *(s -es,ro/e- &/ u!2!o*! #erso!s. I! v e* ,)ereo', ,)e "o!,r(", &e,*ee! C + ,($ (!- ,)e #e, , o!er *(s "o!s -ere- ,er. !(,e-. C + ,($ -e.(!-e- 'or ,)e re,ur! o' ,)e r re!,($ -e#os , 'or ,*o .o!,)s, &u, ,)e #e, , o!er re'use- ,o -o so "$( . !+ ,)(, ,)e $oss o' ,)e & $$&o(r- *(s -ue ,o 'or"e .(0eure (!- ,)(, (!/ "(use o' (", o! s)ou$- &e - re",e- (+( !s, ,)e res#o!s &$e #erso!s. T)us C + ,($ "o..e!"e- ( su , (+( !s, )ere ! #e, , o!er, 'or ,)e re,ur! o' C + ,($9s -e#os ,, *) ") *(s e<u v($e!, ,o ,*o .o!,)s re!,($ !"$us ve o' HAT (!- (,,or!e/9s 'ees. Pe, , o!er ' $e- ( T) r-PP(r,/ Co.#$( !, (+( !s, M("+r(#) "s (!- )ere ! #r v(,e res#o!-e!,s B s)o# F($u!+ (!- A,,/. H $$(sor ($$e+ !+ ,)(, , )(- e!,ere- !,o ( "o!,r(", o' $e(se * ,) Ro.(! C(,)o$ " Ar")& s)o# o' M(! $( 4RCAM5, over ( s#("e !s -e 3(! C(r$os M(!or 3e. !(r/, *)ere #e, , o!er ere",e,)e su&0e", & $$&o(r-. Pe, , o!er (verre- ,)(, -es# ,e ,s 'u$$ "o.#$ (!"e * ,) ,)e ,er.s (!- "o!- , o!s o' ,)e $e(se "o!,r(",, )ere ! #r v(,e res#o!-e!,s, ,o+e,)er * ,) ,)e r "o)or,s, .($ " ous$/ - s.(!,$e- (!-es,ro/e- ,)e su&0e", & $$&o(r- (!- #reve!,e- ,s .e! 'ro. re"o!s,ru", !+ ,. T)ere(',er, #e, , o!er $e(r!e,)(, M("+r(#) "s )(- J"(0o$e- (!- !-u"e-N RCAM, ,)rou+) ,)e #r v(,e res#o!-e!,s, ,o -es,ro/ ,)e su&0e", & $$&o(r- ,o e!(&$e M("+r(#) "s ,o ere", ,s o*! & $$&o(r- (!- (-ver, s !+ s +!s. Pr v(,e res#o!-e!,s ' $e- ( Pe, , o! 'or Cer, or(r * ,) Pr(/er 'or Pre$ . !(r/ Res,r( ! !+ Or-er (!-:or ;r , o' Pre$ . !(r/ I!0u!", o! &e'ore ,)e Re+ o!($ Tr ($ Cour,, (ss( $ !+ ,)e Or-ers -e!/ !+ ,)e r Mo, o! ,o C s. ss T) r--P(r,/ Co.#$( !, (!- Mo, o! ,o C s. ss A.e!-e- T) r--P(r,/ Co.#$( !,. T)e RTC ssue- (! Or-er +r(!, !+ #r v(,e res#o!-e!,s9 #r(/er 'or ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o!, "o!- , o!e- u#o! ,)e #os, !+ o' (! !0u!", o! &o!- ! ,)e (.ou!, o' P17,777.77. T)us, ,)e MeTC *(s e!0o !e- 'ro. )e(r !+ ,)e T) r--P(r,/ Co.#$( !,. Issues% ;)e,)er or !o, #e, , o!er "(! re"over -(.(+es 'ro. ,)e !0u!", o! &o!-. He$-% A #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! s ( #rov s o!($ re.e-/ ,)(, ( #(r,/ .(/ resor, ,o ! or-er ,o #reserve (!- #ro,e", "er,( ! r +),s (!- !,eres,s -ur !+ ,)e #e!-e!"/ o' (! (", o!. I, s (! or-er +r(!,e- (, (!/ s,(+e o' (! (", o!, #r or ,o ,)e 0u-+.e!, or ' !($ or-er, re<u r !+ ( #(r,/, "our,, (+e!"/ or #erso! ,o #er'or. or ,o re'r( ! 'ro. #er'or. !+ ( #(r, "u$(r (", or (",s. A #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o!, (s ,)e ,er. ,se$' su++es,s, s .ere$/ ,e.#or(r/, su&0e", ,o ,)e ' !($ - s#os , o! o' ,)e #r !" #($ (", o!. I, s ssue- ,o #reserve ,)e s,(,us <uo (!,e, *) ") s ,)e $(s, (",u($, #e("e'u$, (!- u!"o!,es,e- s,(,us ,)(, #re"e-e- ,)e (",u($ "o!,rovers/, ! or-er ,o #ro,e", ,)e r +),s o' ,)e #$( !, '' -ur !+ ,)e #e!-e!"/ o' ,)e su ,. O,)er* se, ' !o #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! s ssue-, ,)e -e'e!-(!, .(/, &e'ore ' !($ 0u-+.e!,, -o ,)e (", *) ") ,)e #$( !, '' s see2 !+ ,)e "our, ,o res,r( !. T) s * $$ .(2e !e''e",u($ ,)e ' !($ 0u-+.e!, ,)(, ,)e "our, .(/ (',er*(r-s re!-er ! +r(!, !+ re$ e' ,o ,)e #$( !, ''. T)e s,(,us <uo s)ou$- &e e> s, !+ (!,e $ ,e. .o,(., or (, ,)e , .e o' ,)e ' $ !+ o' ,)e "(se. 1or ,) s re(so!, ( #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! s)ou$- !o, es,(&$ s) !e* re$(, o!s &e,*ee! ,)e #(r, es, &u, .ere$/ .( !,( ! or re-es,(&$ s) ,)e #re-e> s, !+ re$(, o!s) # &e,*ee! ,)e.. T)e #ur#ose o' ( #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! s ,o #reve!, ,)re(,e!e- or "o!, !uous rre.e- (&$e !0ur/ ,o so.e o' ,)e #(r, es &e'ore ,)e r "$( .s "(! &e ,)orou+)$/ s,u- e- (!- (-0u- "(,e-. T)us, ,o &e e!, ,$e- ,o (! !0u!", ve *r ,, ,)e #e, , o!er )(s ,)e &ur-e! ,o es,(&$ s) ,)e 'o$$o* !+ re<u s ,es% 415 ( r +), ! esse or ( "$e(r (!- u!. s,(2(&$e r +), ,o &e #ro,e",e-= 465 ( v o$(, o! o' ,)(, r +),= 485 ,)(, ,)ere s (! ur+e!, (!- #er.(!e!, (", (!- ur+e!, !e"ess ,/ 'or ,)e *r , ,o #reve!, ser ous -(.(+e. A #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! or ,e.#or(r/ res,r( ! !+ or-er .(/ &e +r(!,e- o!$/ *)e!, (.o!+ o,)er ,) !+s, ,)e (##$ "(!,, !o, e>#$ " ,$/ e>e.#,e-, ' $es * ,) ,)e "our,, *)ere ,)e (", o! or #ro"ee- !+ s #e!- !+, ( &o!- e>e"u,e- ,o ,)e #(r,/ or #erso! e!0o !e-, ! (! (.ou!, ,o &e ' >e- &/ ,)e "our,, ,o ,)e e''e", ,)(, ,)e (##$ "(!, * $$ #(/ su") #(r,/ or #erso! ($$ -(.(+es *) ") )e .(/ sus,( ! &/ re(so! o' ,)e !0u!", o! or ,e.#or(r/ res,r( ! !+ or-er ' ,)e "our, s)ou$- ' !($$/ -e" -e ,)(, ,)e (##$ "(!, *(s !o, e!, ,$e- ,)ere,o. E#o! (##rov($ o' ,)e re<u s ,e &o!-, ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! s)($$ &e ssue-. T)us, ,)e #os, !+ o' ( &o!- s ( "o!- , o! s !e <u( !o! 'or ( *r , o' #re$ . !(r/ !0u!", o! ,o &e ssue-. T)e !0u!", o! &o!- s !,e!-e- (s ( se"ur ,/ 'or -(.(+es ! "(se , s ' !($$/ -e" -e- ,)(, ,)e !0u!", o! ou+), !o, ,o )(ve &ee! +r(!,e-. I,s #r !" #($ #ur#ose s ,o #ro,e", ,)e e!0o !e- #(r,/ (+( !s, $oss or -(.(+e &/ re(so! o' ,)e !0u!", o!,A66B (!- ,)e &o!- s usu($$/ "o!- , o!e- (""or- !+$/. T)e -(.(+es sus,( !e- (s ( resu$, o' ( *ro!+'u$$/ o&,( !e- !0u!", o! .(/ &e re"overe- u#o! ,)e !0u!", o! &o!- *) ") s re<u re- ,o &e -e#os ,e- * ,) "our,. M($ "e or $("2 o' +oo- '( ,) s !o, (! e$e.e!, o' re"over/ o! ,)e &o!-. T) s .us, &e so, &e"(use ,o re<u re .($ "e (s ( #rere<u s ,e *ou$- .(2e ,)e ' $ !+ o' ( &o!- ( use$ess 'or.($ ,/. T)e - sso$u, o! o' ,)e !0u!", o!, eve! ' ,)e !0u!", o! *(s o&,( !e- ! +oo- '( ,), (.ou!,s ,o ( -e,er. !(, o! ,)(, ,)e !0u!", o! *(s *ro!+'u$$/ o&,( !e- (!- ( r +), o' (", o! o! ,)e !0u!", o! &o!- ..e- (,e$/ (""rues. T)us, 'or ,)e #ur#ose o' re"over/ u#o! ,)e !0u!", o! &o!-, ,)e - sso$u, o! o' ,)e !0u!", o! &e"(use o' #e, , o!er9s .( ! "(use o' (", o! #rov -es ,)e (", o!(&$e *ro!+ 'or ,)e #ur#ose o' re"over/ u#o! ,)e &o!-. 3e", o! 44&5, Ru$e 5@ o' ,)e 1997 Rev se- Ru$es o' C v $ Pro"e-ure #rov -es ,)(, ,)e !0u!", o! &o!- s (!s*er(&$e 'or ($$ -(.(+es. I!s,(!, Pe, , o! s )ere&/ CENIEC.