Declension of Russian adjectives

Russian grammar --> Declension of Adjectives

Russian long-form adjectives decline, i.e. they change their form to agree with the gender, number or case of nouns they refer to. In singular, the endings of the long-form adjectives ex ress three mor hological meanings! gender, number and case. In lural, they ex ress only number and case. "here are three declension ty es of Russian adjectives! #. Declension of $ualitative and relational adjectives %. Declension of ossessive adjectives with stem ending in the sound &y' (. Declension of ossessive adjectives ending in -)-*, -)-* Contents
#. Declension of $ualitative and relational adjectives #.#. +ard-stem adjectives #.%. ,oft-stem adjectives #.(. Adjectives with stem ending in --, -., -/ and -0, -1, -2, 3 %. Declension of ossessive adjectives with stem ending in -&y' (. Declension of ossessive adjectives ending in -45)-65*, -78)-98*

Declension of qualitative and relational adjectives

"hese adjectives fall into three grou s! #. +ard-stem adjectives %. ,of-stem adjectives (. Adjectives with stem ending in -, -, - and -, -, -,

Hard-stem adjectives
"hese are adjectives whose stem ends in a hard consonant. De ending on the stress osition, there are adjectives with a stressed ending which have masculine singular form ending in - )e.g. 'young', 'sick'*, and adjectives with a stress on the stem which have masculine singular form ending in - )e.g. 'new', 'beautiful'*. "he declensions of these two ty es of adjective differs only by the nominative singular masculine endings ):-*, in other cases they will have similar endings. "he table below re resents the endings of hard-stem adjectives!

Case

Singular masculine feminine neuter

Plural

Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Instrumental Prepositional

-/- -! -#$ Nom/Ge -# -#

- - - -$% - -

- -! -#$ Nom -# -#

- -" -# Nom/Ge -#& -"

;iew exam les of hard-stem adjectives declension

Soft-stem adjectives
"hese are mainly adjectives whose stem ends in a soft -, li<e 'blue', 'early' etc. ,uch adjectives are not numerous in Russian "he table below re resents the endings of soft-stem adjectives!
Singular masculine feminine neuter

Case

Plural

Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Instrumental Prepositional

-& - ! - #$ Nom/Ge -&# - #

- - - -%% - -

- ! - #$ Nom -&# - #

-& -&" -&# Nom/Ge -&#& -&"

;iew exam les of soft-stem adjectives declension

'djectives (it) stem ending in -!* -+* -" and -,* --* -.* /
!"#e$%&'e( )&%* (%em e "& + & -, -, -

"he declension of these adjectives obey the s elling rule =#, that is why they have articular ending in lural and in some forms of singular. De ending on the stress osition, there are adjectives with a stressed ending which have masculine singular form ending in - )e.g. 'expensive'*, and adjectives with a stress on the stem which have masculine singular form ending in - )e.g. , 'severe'*. "he declensions of these two ty es of adjective differ only by the nominative singular masculine endings )-:-*, in other cases they will have similar endings.

"he table below re resents the endings of such adjectives!

Singular masculine feminine neuter

Case

Plural

Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Instrumental Prepositional

-/-& -! -#$ Nom/Ge -&# -#

- - - -$% - -

- -! -#$ Nom -&# -#

-& -&" -&# Nom/Ge -&#& -&"

;iew exam les of adjectives with stem ending in --, -., -/ declension !"#e$%&'e( )&%* (%em e "& + & -, -, -, -

"he declension of these adjectives obey the s elling rule =#, that is why they have articular ending in lural and in some forms of singular. De ending on the stress osition, there are adjectives with a stressed ending which have masculine singular form ending in - )e.g. 'big'*, and adjectives with a stress on the stem which have masculine singular form ending in -)e.g. -7>?24@ 'hot'*. "he declensions of these two ty es of adjective obey the s elling rule =( and differ by singular forms endings. In lural, they will have similar endings. "he table below re resents the endings of such adjectives!
Singular masculine feminine neuter

Case

Plural

Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Instrumental Prepositional

-/-& -!/- ! -#$/- #$ Nom/Ge -&# -#/- #

- -/- -/- -$% -/- -/-

- /-!/- ! -#$/- #$ Nom -&# -#/- #

-& -&" -&# Nom/Ge -&#& -&"

;iew exam les of adjectives with stem ending in -0, -1, -2, -3 declension

Declension of 0ossessive adjectives (it) stem ending in -123

Aossessive adjectives with stem ending in the sound &y' inflect for gender, number and case. In all forms, exce t masculine singular, the stem of these adjectives ends in a soft sign. Basculine singular forms have the suffix - at the end )e.g. 'fox's'*. As for endings, in the nominative case masculine forms

have Cero ending, feminine singular forms have the ending --, neuter singular forms have the ending -, and lural forms have the ending -. In other cases, these adjectives have the same endings as soft-stem $ualitative and relational adjectives )see above*. "he table below re resents the endings of such adjectives!
Singular masculine feminine neuter

Case

Plural

Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Instrumental Prepositional

-4 - ! - #$ Nom/Ge -&# - #

- - - -% - -

- ! - #$ Nom -&# - #

-& -&" -&# Nom/Ge -&#& -&"

;iew exam les of ossessive adjectives with stem ending in -&y' declension

Declension of 0ossessive adjectives ending in -&56-57* -86- 87

Aossessive adjectives with stem ending in -.-/, -.-/ decline li<e nouns and adjectives. "he table below re resents the endings of such adjectives!
Singular masculine feminine neuter

Case

Plural

Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Instrumental Prepositional

-4 - -$ Nom/Ge -# -#

- - - -$ - -

- -/-! -$ Nom -# -#

- -" -# Nom/Ge -#& -"