Tourist Resources Management

Teacher: Livandovshi roman Student: mira Francesca

Theme:1 the object of study of the tourist resources management

Objectives: 1. Introduction of the Tourist Resources Management; 2. The place in the system of the economic and geographical sciences; 3. Principles, methods and means of study; 4. The categories of the TRM; 5. The primary factors of the tourism phenomenon;

1. Introduction of the TRM Key words: -travel -tourism -How tourism has grown

Since the beginning of time humans have traveled. Food, water, safety or acquisition of resources (trade) was the early travel motivations. But the idea of travel for pleasure or exploration soon emerged. Travel has always depended upon technology to provide the means or mode of travel. The earliest travelers walked or rode domesticated animals. The invention of the wheel and the sail provided new modes of transportation. Each improvement in technology increased individuals' opportunities to travel. As roads were improved and governments stabilized, interest in travel increased for education, sightseeing, and religious purposes. One of the earliest travel guides was written by Pausanias, a Greek, which was a 10 volume Guide to Greece, for Roman tourists.

Definition of Tourism
Mathieson and Wall (1982) created a good working definition of tourism as "the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs." According to Macintosh and Goeldner (1986) tourism is "the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the interaction of tourists, business suppliers, host governments and host communities in the process of attracting and hosting these tourists and other visitors." Other terms of interest are:

Excursionist: Persons traveling for pleasure in a period less

than 24 hours (Macintosh and Goeldner, 1986).

Foreign Tourist: Any person visiting a country, other than

that in which he/she usually resides, for a period of at least 24 hours (Committee of Statistical Experts of the League of Nations, 1937).

Travel: The act of moving outside one's home community for

business or pleasure but not for commuting or traveling to or from school (Macintosh and Goeldner, 1986).

Visitor: Any person visiting a country other than that in which

he/she has his/her usual place of residence, for any reason other than following an occupation remunerated from within the country visited (United Nations Conference on International Travel and Tourism, 1963).

How has tourism grown? The tourist industry in MEDCs has grown significantly over the last 50 years. People are taking longer holidays, are travelling more frequently and travelling to destinations further away. There are a number of reasons for this. These include: increase in income the introduction of holiday pay developments in transport people have more holiday time from work cheap flights from budget airlines the growth of tourism has had a positive effect on income and development in many countries therefore tourism is actively encouraged changes in lifestyle and interests mean people are more interested in travelling to more exotic and unusual destinations.

Conclusion: Tourism is a collection of activities, services and

industries that delivers a travel experience, including transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses, activity facilities and other hospitality services provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home. The World Tourism Organization (WTO) claims that tourism is currently the worlds largest industry with annual revenues of over $3 trillion dollars. Tourism provides over six million jobs in the United States, making it the country's largest employer.

2.

The place in the system of the economic and geographical sciences

Key words:
Branch of the economy Natural resources and environment Geographical approach Tourism represents a branch of the economy that is included in the nonproduction sphere, with enterprises and organizations functioning to satisfy the needs of tourists for both material and nonmaterial services. What this branch produces is a complex of interrelated services that constitute the tourfor example, transportation and hotel facilities, trade services (including public catering), excursions and other organized activities such as sports, sightseeing, and study tours, and the services of communal housing and health agencies. Any given tour may provide some or all of these services in varying

proportions, depending on such factors as tour category, mode of travel, and duration and method of organization of the trip. In the USSR, for example, the proportions for a representative study tour in 1975, based on the average expenses of individual tourists, were as follows: transportation, 30 percent; accommodations, 15 percent; food, 30 percent; purchases (industrial goods and food products), 15 percent; excursions and entertainment, 8 percent; and communications and miscellaneous services, 2 percent. The worldwide average figures for tourists traveling to attend a congress or convention are as follows: transportation (international excluded), 5 percent; accommodations, 34 percent; food, 25 percent; purchases, 15 percent; excursions and entertainment, 8 percent; and communications and miscellaneous services, 13 percent. A fundamental dimension of the model -- indeed the very basis of much tourism is the Natural Resources and environment. Any given destination is primarily and unchangeably characterized by its physiography (the nature and appearance of its landscape) and its climate. Finally another component of the natural environment is people. In the case of people, we must distinguish two very important categories of individuals: 1-those who belong to the destination (its residents), and 2-those who are current or potential visitors to the destination (the tourism market).

Geographical approach
Geography is a wide-ranging discipline, so it is so natural the geographers should be interested in tourism and its spatial aspects. The geographer specializes in the study of location, environment, climate, landscape, and economic aspects. The geographer's approach to tourism sheds lights on the location of tourist

areas, the movements of people created by tourism locales, the changes that tourism brings to the landscape in the form of tourism facilities, dispersion of tourism development, physical planning and economic, social and cultural problems. Because tourism touches geography at so many points, geographers has investigate the area more thoroughly than have scholars in other many disciplines. Because the geographers approach is so encompassing dealing with land use, economic aspects, demographic impact and cultural problems a study with their contributions is highly recommended. Recreational geography is a common course title used by geographers studying this specially.

Conclusion: Tourism activity is well supported by a valuable

tourism potential - natural anthropic - differently from country to country, which are organized according to different types of tourism. Tourism is everywhere and at any time, in the world economy, in natural environment and in all people.

3.

Principles, methods and means of study

Key words: -principles -methods -means The principle of spatiality, according to this principle the research of the tourist phenomenon makes use as a key method of observation, and as mean of representation of description. The principle of causality, which aim is the study of appearance, assertion and development of tourist process. As activity method it has recourse to the detailed analysis of phenomena, carries out by means of explanation that can be accomplished by a mathematical model (equation, formula). The principle of integration of characteristic phenomena in logistical structures, designed to show the objective aspect (activity method-synthesis), operation meansgraphic representations (cartographic models). Between the principles there is a close link. The first principle serves as a basis for the second one, while the latter for the third one.

Conclusion: Note the logical independence plan established both vertical hierarchy between certain types of principles, methods, means and forms of modeling, as well as horizontally in the same structure that grows in complexity from one study to another. In the same way may be registered the interrelationship of ranking models, means and forms of modeling of the touristic phenomena . Touristic models provide a theoretical and conceptual basis for the study of spatial dynamics of tourism.In general situation the geographical research provides useful information on travel document as: elements of the heritage , the morphology of visited regions and localities,characteristics of cure factors and the configuration of ways of communication.

4.The categories of the TRM

Key Words:

Tourist Tourism Travel Recreation Excursionist Tourist resources Tourist potential Tourist flow Tourist infrastructure.

The tourist phenomenon is defined by a series of notions. The most used are: tourist, tourism, tourist infrastructure, tourist potential, tourist product, tourist supply and demand.

Tourism infrastructure roads, railway lines, harbors,

airport runways, water, electricity, other power supplies, sewerage disposal systems and other utilities to serve not only the local residents but also the tourist influx (suitable accommodation, restaurants and passenger transport terminals form the superstructure of the region)

Tourism demand Tourism Demand is defined as the spending of

Canadian and non-resident visitors on domestically produced

commodities. It is the sum of tourism domestic demand and tourism exports.

Tourism flows - The major movements of tourists from specific

home areas to destinations.

Tourism product - different things to the various members of

the tourism industry. To the hotel it is `guest- nights'. To the airline it is the `seats flown' and the `passenger miles'. To the museum, art gallery or archaeological site, the product is measured in terms of the number of visitors. For the tourist the product is the complete experience resulting from the package tour or travel facility purchased, from the time they leave home until their return.

Tourist resources. They represent all the attractive

elements of a territory without taking into account their origin and the connections between them. There can be distinguished two groups of objects that make up the tourist resources, that is to say: Tourist natural resources (relief, climate, etc.); Tourist human resources (museums, religious erections, etc.). Types of tourism 1. Ethnic- Travelling to observe the cultural expressions and lifestyle of peoples. 2. Cultural- Travelling to experience vanishing lifestyles that like within human memory. Includes cultural ecotourism. 3. Heritage- Travelling to view places and things from the past, either natural or built by humans.. 4. Environmental- Travelling to natural and environmental attractions to experience people-land relationships. Includes adventure/outdoor tourism and ecotourism.

5. Recreational - Travelling to engage in sports and meet social contacts in a relaxed setting. 6. Sports - participating in community-based sporting events as spectator, performer, or volunteer. 7. Business travelling to meetings, events, and conferences, perhaps combined with other types of tourism. 8. Special interest- Travelling to participate in learning vacations, festivals, and events.

Conclusion: All this terms of tourism have a close relationship between them.This terms interact and form concepts of tourism and helps to understand better this branch of industry.

5.The factors influencing the tourist phenomenon

Key words:
Economic factors Social and cultural factors Governmental and political factors

Factors that contribute to tourism development are the following: Demographic factors (1-increasing population; 2-global language ;) acts by increasing population. This indicator is seen as a potential reservoir of tourism practitioners. As the number of population is higher, the number of tourists will increase; Economic factors - exert a strong influence on tourism; Cost of certain vacations can act as a travel barrier; Economic prosperity can encourage people to take more trips; Good economic time, people have more discretionary income money left over after paying taxes & basic living expenses; Political factors Terrorism and security Religious intolerance Governmental policies (Tax exemptions, investments ) Psychological factors have an important role in the promotion of tourism activities. Psychological elements determine the need for travel, biological need to restore and maintain health, or the escape from everyday world. Social factors - They are the leisure time of people. This term of leisure time appears in the time of transition of economy to industrialization. Exhibitions, trade fairs, festivals.

Technological Factors Developments in information technologies have also had a great impact. Example: internet people are aware of more travel options and can book trips instantly. New transportation methods A vast growth of commerce

Environmental impacts of tourism (pollution):

Air emissions Noise Solid waste and littering Release of sewage Oil and chemicals Architectural/visual pollution

Saving the environment:

1. Ecotourism 2. Sustainable tourism 3. Relationship tourism. between ecotourism and sustainable

Conclusion: Tourism has changed a lot since the yearly days and so have the reasons changed for travelling. All this has helped tourism to emerge as the biggest industry in the world. Tourism has both negative as well as positive impacts in totality. So, it depends on all of us, how we take it and how we move in the positive direction, so that the world, which we are living in now, becomes a lot better place in not only our future but also for generations to come.