Double Degree MSc Programme GEO-INFORMATION FOR SPATIAL PLANNING AND DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

Graduate School Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta Phone/Fax. (0274) 564239 Website http://www.geo.ugm.ac.id, www.geoinfopasca.ugm.ac.id and http://www.itc.nl/pub/study/programmes/joint-educations

UGM

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

MODUL G SPATIAL PLANNING

LECTURER: Dr. RINI RACHMAWATI, M.T.

By: MUHAMMAD ATHTHAAR NAZIM (13/357422/PMU/08061)

JANUARY 2014

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
Community Based Planning to Seasonal Floods in Perumnas Siteba Housing Complex Nanggalo Sub District, Padang, West Sumatra.

Drainage system in Padang devided into Macro and Micro Drainage System. The macro drainage system, with total lenght of 124,400 m, consist of a number of big rivers that flow downstream to Indonesian Ocean. In general, this system very influented by tidal mechanism from the ocean, specially in Mati river, Olo Nipah, Ujung Gurun, Purus, Ulak Karang, Muaro Penjalinan and Pasir Putih river. The micro drainage system constructed by 19 sub-drainage area which cover almost 3,986 ha, where all of this sub drainage flows to the big river in macro system. Unfortunately, micro drainage systems were not manage appropriatly, specially in new housing complex (develop settlement area). The need of new settlement area is equal to growth population in City of Padang, to distribute people from dense area to develop area with distantly space people. One of the first develop settlement area is Perumnas Siteba in Surau Gadang Village, Nanggalo Sub-district around 1975. This area, specially develop for 33 m2 house type, surrounding by two other settlements, Perumahan Kodim (military occupaid with big size house type) and Wisma Indah (big size house) which are relative higher than Perumnas Siteba topography. The next figure illustrates the horizontal perspective of the settlement area.

Perum. Kodim

Wisma Indah

Perumnas Siteba

Kuranji river

= canal

Figure 1. Horizontal perspective of Perumnas Siteba settlement compare to surrounding area (personal view)

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Naturally based on default design and land use planning, this develop settlement area able to flows the water downstream to Kuranji river. As the population growth, where the occupants had develop their home, specially in Perumnas Siteba, by covering all land with concrete and also reducing the size of canal that flows the water in rainy season. Around mid of 1985 Perumnas Siteba start to face the annual season flood every year, specially in the peak of rainy season. In the peak on rainy season, the inundation in Perumnas Siteba reach 50 to 70 cm. In the edge of each settlement, for example Perumahan Kodim and Perumnas Siteba, the inundation very clear. It looks like a new pond arise at the end of the higher settlement. This disaster caused by self-develop of community which is not considered the effect of their own development that removered land ability to infiltrate water and also reducing the canal capability to flows (run off) to the river. More over the higher settlement with wider canal flown more water to the lower part which had more smaller canal, this also accelerate inundation process in Perumnas Siteba. The master plan of Perumnas Siteba included small canals and middle canals that would flows the run off. Each road, even the small betwen the house, has canal to flow the water, also from the higher place, directy to Kuranji river. Figure 2 describe spatial distribution of settlement around Perumnas Siteba and shown the complex canals that should protected the area from flood in normal condition.

Module G Spatial Planning Individual Assignment - 1

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of Perumnas Siteba settlement and its surrounding. (Source: PMI West Sumatra)

Module G Spatial Planning Individual Assignment - 1

At the first year of the seasonal flood, people tend to protect their own terithories by sealed the canal in front of their home with iron net that only allowed water but not the solid part like garbage. This treatment did not keep the home from the flood, only protected some areas from stack of garbage that flown as the water come. There is no government iniative involved to reducing this disaster. After five to ten years suffered by the flood, community in Batusangkar IV road (the road shown betwen the red houses in Figure 2 and Figure 3) working together to protected their house from this seasonal disaster.

Figure 3. Batusangkar IV road (in zooming of figure 2, source: PMI West Sumatra)

After one year saving period in 2005, people collected semi-volluntary fund to re-contructed the road and canals. Community of Batusangkar IV road (where author life here until 1993) in 2005 started the project by them self and also support by some neighbour in the higher land (Perumahan Kodim) by material to re-constructed the road. The road must be build higher 50 to 70 cm than the original design (as same as the inundation level). They build wall in the edge the canals and deepen the canals. To higher the road, the material from the canals filled into the road and concerete the top layer. People also raise their house by make the floor more higher than inundation level and also higher up the roof. But this second project depend on the households fund ability.

Module G Spatial Planning Individual Assignment - 1

These project was fully based on community effort without any help from the government. After the road re-constructed in the next rainy season this road is free from seasonal flood, but the surrounding still did. Learn from this project people in other road copying this structure effort. And based on the community lesson learn when they start the project with their own money the result is better than the project which had help from the government. In some roads, which already raise its level, still inundate in rainy season, because they did not deepen the canals as the original project constructed. The Wisma Indah settlement area which is free from flood in the beginning, now start to experience flood in their main road. Because there is no effort from the occupants to protected their road and canal as the Perumnas Siteba specially Batusangkar IV road community achieved. Nowdays, in rainy season Perumnas Siteba is free from seasonal flood as they experienced before. Figure 4 illustrated (on authors views) the horizontal perspective of Perumnas Siteba settlement compare to Perumahan Kodim and Wisma Indah settlement.

Perum. Kodim

Kuranji river Wisma Indah Perumnas Siteba

= canal

Figure 4. Horizontal perspective after the re-contructed project in some road of Perumnas Siteba settlement (personal view)

There is no spatial planning change in this effort, with community based planning they make their environment more comfort to be occupant even in the rainy season. By highering road and deepen the canal the community succeded to avoid the seasonal flood disaster in Perumnas Siteba settlement area.

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As the result of redevelop their houses, now Perumnas Siteba settlement facing another possible disaster which are fire and mass-building damage if the earthquake occurs.

Perumnas Siteba Original Design

Perumnas Siteba Develop Design

road

road

Figure 5. The original design of Perumnas Siteba and the develop model (below is vertical views)

Figure 5 illustrates the changes in housing design in Perumnas Siteba settlement. Houses now are connected as one unit barrack that very vulnerable to fire and collapse if huge earthquake happen in City of Padang, West Sumatra. This kind of development already become a pattern of national housing program (Perumnas) in Indonesia. The house only suitable for a small family with very limited land size, they did not predicted the growth of the family or even an economic disaster that could reducing their ability, so one house could be filled with two or even three family; father, daugher and grand children. In the recent time the development of cluster type of housing complex could be a better solution in the short time, where the occupants is prohibited to make change and development to the house in the certain housing complex (settlement area).

Reference:
Bappeda Kota Padang, 2004, Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kota Padang 2004-2013. Bappeda Kota Padang, West Sumatra. Dhamrah, N., 2014, Interviewed by phone as a member of Batusangkar IV road community on January 5th, 2014. Vale, L.J., Campanella, T.J., (ed.), 2005, The Resilient City, Oxford University Press, New York.
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