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Contents
Introduction Sealing and Guidance of Pistons Manufacturing of Rings at HRP Piston Rings Basic Understanding Standard Piston Ring Types Rider Rings Basic Understanding Standard Rider Ring Types Ring Mounting Instructions
Basic Understanding
Sealing and Guidance of Pistons
Piston Rings
Seal the compression chamber between the piston and the liner
Rider Rings
Support the weight of the piston and half of the rod weight, but should not seal gas pressure.
Other designs:
Labyrinth Piston Grooved piston with or without PTFE coating
Basic Understanding
Manufacturing of Rings at HRP
for differential pressures Cylinder for piston diameters Rings made of metals and non metallics 0.1 to 400 bar 20 to 1400 mm cast iron, bronze filled PTFE, PEEK, PPS, Carbon
Piston Rings
for Compressors
Basic Understanding
Ring Types
Basic Understanding
Contents
Design Criteria Gliding Area for Rings Ring Styles Number of Rings
Basic Understanding
Design Criteria
Liner Piston Ring cut
maximum differential pressure on the piston differential pressure, friction, dynamic forces (acceleration), piston movement, forces exerted by the expander
Basic Understanding
Gliding Area for Piston Rings
Uninterupted Cylinder Length
bearing surface
Over-run:
The piston ring stack should never leave the cylinder liner.
UCL
Uninterupted Cylinder Length
Basic Understanding
Ring Styles
Cut
straight cut angle cut overlapped cut or step cut
Ring Profiles
without expander with expander twin ring pressure balanced
Basic Understanding
Increasing Sealing Ability
Cut Rings with expander Cut rings, pegged together.
Basic Understanding
Pressure Compensation
Piston ring designs for high pressure application: without pressure balancing with pressure balancing
unbalanced force unbalanced force
force profile
torsion
force profile
torsion
Piston rings without pressure balancing will wear quick at high differential pressures due to high contact pressure between the piston ring and the liner. Grooves and radial holes of pressure balanced rings allow a controlled leakage to the outer ring diameter; thereby reducing the unbalanced force and torsion moment promoting reduced wear.
Basic Understanding
Number of Rings According to Experience
Differential Pressure bar gauge psig Recommended Number of PTFE-Rings per Piston
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ring - Type 0800 Ring - Type 0801 Ring - Type 0804 Ring - Type 0808 Ring - Type 0811 Pressure Balanced Ring - Type 0803 Pressure Balanced Ring - Type 0805 Twin Ring - Type 0820 T-Section Double Twin Ring - Type 0816
straight cut
Application:
Standard piston ring.
angle cut
Application:
Standard piston ring for non brittle materials.
angle cut
Application:
For smaller ring diameters and less flexible materials, to mount without warming up.
Application:
Piston ring for greater sealing efficiency. Not for brittle materials!
Application:
For smaller ring diameters and less flexible materials, (especially metallic rings, e.g. Bronze).
angle cut
Application:
For high differential pressure per ring. Longer life than plain rings.
angle cut
Application:
For high differential pressure per ring, longer life than plain rings. For non-flexible materials.
gap
Application:
The Twin Piston Ring is single acting and only seals against the small rectangular ring. For light gases.
L-ring rectangular ring
gap
Application:
Double Twin Rings seal in both directions.
T-ring Rectangular rings
Rider Rings
for Compressors
Basic Understanding
Ring Types
Basic Understanding
Contents
Basic Understanding
Task - Calculation
Task:
to prevent the piston from contacting the cylinder liner. the rider ring should not seal the gas.
Design Criteria:
bearing load piston and liner material hardness of the liner surface quality of the liner lube or non lube gas type
OD
Calculation of load:
=
weight of the piston* + half the rod weight* OD of rider ring x width of all rider rings
* for V- and W-form compressors only the component of weight vertical to the liner
Basic Understanding
Factors which Influence Wear
specific bearing load ring projection piston velocity liner surface quality liner cooling gas type gas condition bedding in procedure
Basic Understanding
Axial Clearance
axial clearance
The ring moves backwards and forwards in the piston groove hitting both groove side faces causing the ring and the groove side faces to be damaged.
Rider Rings
Important Ring Types
Ring - Type 0841 Ring - Type 0849 Ring - Type 0854 Ring - Type 0873 Combination Ring -Type 0881
Rider Rings
Ring Type 0841
Description:
Solid Ring - without any gap or grooves
Function:
Guides the piston in the liner.
Application:
Rings mounted at the ends of the piston running over the valve port or over guidance.
Rider Rings
Ring Type 0849
Description:
Straight cut ring with side grooves
Function :
Guide the piston in the liner. The grooves allow gas to pass across the ring, preventing the ring from becoming pressurised.
Application:
Ring design where radial thickness is limited and small side grooves are sufficient to avoid pressure loading of the ring.
Rider Rings
Ring Type 0854
Description:
Ring with angle cut, side and face grooves.
Function:
Ring guides the piston in the liner. The grooves allow gas to pass across the ring, preventing the ring from becoming pressurized. The grooves are arranged in alternate directions to prevent the ring from turning in service. This will limit the velocity of the ring in relation to the cylinder liner. Application: Standard ring design
cut
Rider Rings
Ring Type 0873
Description:
2 piece design, straight cuts, side and face pressure relief grooves.
Function:
Guide the piston in the liner. The grooves prevent the ring from being pressure loaded.
Application:
For smaller diameters and brittle materials.
T shaped ring
Description:
Rings with straight cut: T-shaped rider ring and two piston rings.
Function:
Rider ring guides the piston in the liner, piston rings seal.
Application:
For additional sealing. For retrofits, when the width of the rider ring has to be reduced, e.g. change from non lube to lube. For retrofit from cast iron to non metallic rings.
Mounting Instructions
for Piston and Rider Rings
cylinder DIA
Liner
outer DIA of piston piston ring groove DIA inner DIA of piston ring piston ring radial width
. clearance
axial
running clearance
Piston
Trained for Competence
axial clearance
All rights reserved - Jonathan White HRPU, Bradford and G. KINDL Training Center HOERBIGER Compression Technology Sep. 2001
6.6.1
Piston Rings
Mounting Instructions
piston ring
sleeve
Use thin sleeves for preventing rings jumping into grooves. For small cylinder diameters and/or brittle materials heat rings up to 150C.
Rider Rings
Mounting Instructions for Solid Rider Rings
Pusher ring, with straight cut Fitting cone Solid rider ring Slipover diameter Rider ring groove Piston diameter
Special information :
Heat rider ring up to 150C Cone angle 12 Rings should be pushed down the cone by the pusher ring in a smooth continuous action. If possible, a press should be used.