Tricia Kannegieter Pathfinder Assignment LS 5263-20 Information Sources and Services July 26, 2012

Holocaust Pathfinder
The Holocaust was a catastrophic period of time that occurred during World War II (between 1930 and 1945) under the reign of Adolf Hitler in Germany and other Nazi occupied territories in Europe. The Holocaust refers to the systematic killing of Jewish people and others that were considered to be racially or politically undesirable by the Nazi party. Eleven million people were murdered during the Holocaust, 6 million of whom were Jewish people; this amounted to 2/3 of the European Jewish population.

Copyright: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum!

Scope
This pathfinder is set up to help high school and college level users beginning research on the Holocaust. In this pathfinder, you will find both beginner reference resources and research strategies for information regarding the Holocaust. With this pathfinder, you will have the tools at your fingertips that you will need to begin general research on the Holocaust.

Search Aids
Dewey Decimal System The Dewey Decimal System (DDS) is organized so that information on the Holocaust is generally all placed together in one section, with the exception of biographies. The DDS call number for books about the Holocaust is 940.53.

The Library of Congress call numbers for books about the Holocaust are: D804.3-810, DD247-251, DS11, and DS135. Search by Subject - BISAC System Bookstores and some libraries have their books arranged by simple subjects. In order to find books about the Holocaust in this environment, you would need to look under: History/Holocaust. Search Engines Google. www.google.com Bing. www.bing.com Alta Vista. www.altavista.com Search engines such as Google, Bing, and Alta Vista are easy-touse springboards for finding quick, general information about the Holocaust. Some search terms to include in the search bar would be: * Holocaust * Nazi Occupation * Anti-Semitism * Genocide * Concentration Camp Liberators * Shoah * Nazis * Nazi Death Camps * The Myth of Race * Jewish Ghetto * Nuremberg Laws * Nazi Resistance
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* Third Reich * Auschwitz * The Final Solution * Gestapo * Nuremberg Trials * World War II (WWII)

* Adolf Hitler * Dachau * Death Marches * Kristallnacht * Nazi Concentration Camps * Yellow Star of David

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Directories
The Directory of Holocaust Institutions U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council A print directory that has been annually published since 1985 that includes the information about 100 institutions in the United States and Canada that specialize in the Holocaust. The directory lists: memorials, museums, research institutes and libraries, archival facilities, and resource centers. Information on each institution includes: names, purpose, phone numbers, addresses, hours, collections, publications, and activities. Association of Holocaust Organizations Directory Association of Holocaust Organizations A print directory that lists Holocaust Organizations in the United States, Canada, Israel, Australia, Japan, Russia, and the Ukraine. For each entry, the directory lists: name, location, services offered, phone number, person in charge, hours, and publications. You can obtain a free copy from the Association of Holocaust Organizations.

General Information
Subject Encyclopedias
Holocaust Encyclopedia The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/ A portion of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum website that provides information on all aspects of the Holocaust. The main page has featured articles and separates the encyclopedia into the following sections: The Third Reich, Rescue & Resistance, The Holocaust, After the Holocaust, Victims of the Nazi Era, and Additional Resources. The entire encyclopedia is completely searchable by entering a specific term in the search bar. You can search the entire encyclopedia, or search by format. The formats include: article, ID card, artifact, document, historical film footage, oral history, animated maps, maps, music, and photography.

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The Holocaust Encyclopedia by Walter Laqueur and Judith Tydor Baumel-Scwartz The Holocaust Encyclopedia is the only comprehensive single-volume work of reference providing both a reflective overview of the subject and abundant detail concerning major events, policy, decisions, cities, and individuals. Up-to-date and designed for easy access, the encyclopedia presents information on the major aspects of the Holocaust in essays by scholars from eleven countries who draw on a number of sources - including recently uncovered evidence from the former Soviet bloc - to provide in-depth studies on the political, social, religious, and moral issues of the Holocaust as well as short entries identifying events, sites, and individuals. The book also has more than 250 photographs, many of them rare, and 19 maps (Amazon, 2012). Encyclopedia of Holocaust Literature by: David Patterson, Alan L. Berger, and Sarita Cargas Whether it's a novel, memoir, diary, poem, or drama, a common thread runs through the literature of the Nazi Holocausta motif of personal testimony to the dearness of humanity. With that perspective, the expert authors of Encyclopedia of Holocaust Literature undertake profiling 128 of the most influential first generation authors who either survived, perished, or were closely connected to the Holocaust. Arranged alphabetically by author, the entries are generally organized into three primary divisions: an opening section on why the author's work has a significant or distinctive place in Holocaust literature, a second section containing information on the author's biography, and a critical examination of the highlights of the author's work (Amazon).

Dictionaries
Holocaust Glossary: Terms, Places, and Personalities Jewish Virtual Library http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/wiesenthal_glos sary.html A comprehensive collection of terms and their meanings that are vital to the study of the Holocaust. The online dictionary alphabetically lists terms, places, and personalities, both Nazi and victim, that were important to the events of the Holocaust. The entries are extremely brief, but give a good idea about the meaning of the terms.

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Whos Who in Nazi Germany by Robert Solomon Wistrich A biographical dictionary, Whos Who in Nazi Germany is a dictionary of members of the Third Reich. The book is comprised of 350 individuals that were high-ranking Nazis, literary and art figures, scientists, entertainers, churchmen, diplomatic personalities, and industrialists. Some Nazi Resisters are also included in the dictionary. Each entry lists important information about the subject and varies in length from a few sentences to a few pages.

Biographical Source
Voice/Vision Holocaust Survivor Oral History Archive http://holocaust.umd.umich.edu/interviews.php Comprised by the University of Michigan, the Oral History Archive is a plethora of first-hand Holocaust survivor accounts. The interviews, mostly conducted in the 1980s and 1990s, are organized alphabetically by interviewee and can vary greatly in length. Each entry lists its original format as well as its OCLC number. The audio files are provided in online format, not online format (sources cited), original format audio, and original format video. Shoah Video Production Directed by: Claude Lanzmann Shoah [(550 minutes)] is Claude Lanzmann's landmark documentary meditation on the Holocaust. Assembled from footage shot by the filmmaker during the 1970s and 1980s, it investigates the genocide at the level of experience: the geographical layout of the camps and the ghettos; the daily routines of imprisonment; the inexorable trauma of humiliation, punishment, extermination; and the fascinating insights of those who experienced these events first hand (Amazon). The Diary of a Young Girl: The Definitive Edition by: Anne Frank Anne Frank was hidden in the attic of a Dutch business for two years before she and her family were found and executed by the Nazis. The Diary of a Young Girl is the record of two years in the life of a remarkable Jewish girl whose triumphant humanity in the face of

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unfathomable deprivation and fear has made the book one of the most enduring documents of our time (Amazon). The Drowned and the Saved by: Primo Levi This book, published months after Italian writer Primo Levi's suicide in 1987, is a small but powerful look at Auschwitz, the hell where Levi was imprisoned during World War II. The book was his third on the subject, following Survival in Auschwitz (1947) and The Reawakening (1963). Removed from the experience by time and age, Levi chose to serve more as an observer of the camp than the passionate young man of his previous work. He writes of "useless violence" inflicted by the guards on prisoners and then concludes the book with a discussion of the Germans who have written to him about their complicity in the event. In all, he tries to make sense of something that--as he knew-made no sense at all (Amazon). Maus: A Survivors Tale by: Art Spiegelman The Pulitzer Prize-winning Maus tells the story of Vladek Spiegelman, a Jewish survivor of Hitlers Europe, and his son, a cartoonist coming to terms with his fathers story. Maus approaches the unspeakable through the diminutive. Its form, the cartoon (the Nazis are cats, the Jews mice), shocks us out of any lingering sense of familiarity and succeeds in drawing us closer to the bleak heart of the Holocaust (Amazon). Night by Elie Wiesel In Nobel laureate Elie Wiesel's memoir Night, a scholarly, pious teenager is wracked with guilt at having survived the horror of the Holocaust and the genocidal campaign that consumed his family. His memories of the nightmare world of the death camps present him with an intolerable question: how can the God he once so fervently believed in have allowed these monstrous events to occur? There are no easy answers in this harrowing book, which probes life's essential riddles with the lucid anguish only great literature achieves. It marks the crucial first step in Wiesel's lifelong project to bear witness for those who died (Amazon).

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Indexes
The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names Yad Vashem http://db.yadvashem.org/names/search.html?language=en The Central Database of Shoah Victims Names is an undertaking by Yad Vashem to recover the names of each and every individual that was murdered in the Holocaust. This index lists the names of each victim and it offers a search function to find out more about the victims. To date, the site offers the names of 4 million Jews. The Index of Articles on Jewish Studies The Jewish National and University Library The Index of Articles on Jewish Studies is a bi-annual publication that has been in existence for more than forty years. The articles of most interest while studying the Holocaust would be found in Part 9 of the index, The Holocaust Period. The index is written in English, but was originally published in Hebrew.

Abstract
Holocaust Memoir Abstracts From Victim to Witness: A Collection of the Abstracts Holocaust Survivor Memoirs by Mervin Butovsky and Kurt Jonassohn This is a collection of abstracts about memoirs written about the Holocaust. Each of the 48 entries are organized by their volume numbers and includes a brief summary of the memoir. This document is a great springboard for finding first-hand accounts of the Holocaust.

Handbooks
History of the Holocaust: A Handbook and Dictionary Westview Press This handbook is both a dictionary and a basic encyclopedia. The book has two main purposes: to provide a general overview of the Holocaust and to gather as many terms regarding the Holocaust as possible in one place. The chapters include: antecedents, World War I and its aftermath, Nazi Totalitarian State, The Shoah, geography of '!

the Holocaust, Jewish responses to persecution, Jewish-Gentile Relations in extremis, international responses, and aftermath & recovery. At the end of the book, there is a bibliography with indexes for further reading. The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies by: Peter Hayes and John K. Roth The handbook is thematically divided into five broad sections.

Part One, Enablers, concentrates on the broad and necessary contextual conditions for the Holocaust. Part Two, Protagonists, concentrates on the principal persons and groups involved in the Holocaust and attempts to disaggregate the conventional interpretive categories of perpetrator, victim, and bystander. It examines the agency of the Nazi leaders and killers and of those involved in resisting and surviving the assault. Part Three, Settings, concentrates on the particular places, sites, and physical circumstances where the actions of the Holocaust's protagonists and the forms of persecution were literally grounded. Part Four, Representations, engages complex questions about how the Holocaust can and should be grasped and what meaning or lack of meaning might be attributed to events through historical analysis, interpretation of texts, artistic creation and criticism, and philosophical and religious reflection. Part Five, Aftereffects, explores the Holocaust's impact on politics and ethics, education and religion, national identities and international relations, the prospects for genocide prevention, and the defense of human rights (Amazon).

Association Information
Association of Holocaust Organizations Website: http://www.ahoinfo.org Contact: Dr. William L. Shulman, Pres. PO Box 230317 Hollis, NY 11423 (516)582-4571 ahoinfo@att.net

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Founded in 1985, The Association of Holocaust Organizations serves as a network of organizations and individuals who advocate programming, awareness, education, and research about the Holocaust. Within the association, there are four regional groups, one state group, and one multinational group, with a total of 293 members. Every year, the association holds a conference at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and they also sponsor a wide variety of conferences and seminars about the Holocaust.

Journals
Dimensions Online: A Journal of Holocaust Studies http://www.adl.org/education/dimensions_19/default.asp This is a semi-annual publication that includes an international calendar of events, essays, books, and periodical reviews pertaining to the Holocaust. This journal is very educational in nature. Some of the subjects addressed are: Science, Business, Contemporary Society, Religion, and International Politics and how they are related to the Holocaust. Dapim: Studies on the Shoah David and Fela Shapell Family Foundation Dapim is a scholarly journal, founded in 1979, that focuses primarily on the study of the Holocaust, anti-Semitism, and World War II. Originally published in Hebrew, the publication is now available in English. Dapim explores a wide range of issues dealing with the Holocaust, including philosophy, ethics, literature, history, and anthropology.

Web Resources
Websites
Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site http://www.kz-gedenkstaette-dachau.de/index-e.html Evaluation Criteria Authority: The site is operated by the staff at the site of the Dachau Concentration Camp now the Memorial Site. It has full

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authority on all matters concerning the Dachau Concentration Camp. Accuracy: The reputation of the Dachau Memorial Site is outstanding. Accuracy is extremely on target. Objectivity: The site, although emotional in nature, is extremely objective. All information on the site is factual and unbiased (with the exception that it is a memorial site for victims of heinous crimes against humanity.) Currency: Very current. It is updated almost daily. Coverage: It covers the complete history of the Dachau camp as well as gives information about touring the site. It also has current events and newsletters that they offer the public. The Holocaust Chronicle http://www.holocaustchronicle.org/ Evaluation Criteria Authority: Publications International, Ltd. is a prestigious publishing company. Accuracy: Originally written by Marilyn J. Harran, Ph.D. in Holocaust Studies. Objectivity: Content is extremely factual in nature, with documentation of all statements made. Currency: Updated continuously. Coverage: Covers all aspects of the Holocaust from World War I to the survivors lives in the 2000s. PBS Presents: Auschwitz http://www.pbs.org/auschwitz/ Evaluation Criteria Authority: Produced and published by PBS, BBC, and the Auschwitz Memorial Museum Accuracy: The publishers are so well-revered that accuracy is not a question. Objectivity: Uses 100% factual information that is well-documented. Currency: 2005 Coverage: Covers the span of history of the Auschwitz concentration Camp from its conception to present day. Utilizes maps, survivor stories, timelines, learning resources, and some information on Dachau.

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum http://www.ushmm.org/ Evaluation Criteria Authority: This is the official, government-funded museum of the Holocaust in the United States. Accuracy: The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is extremely well known and there is no question of accuracy. Objectivity: All information is well-documented and extremely objective in nature. Currency: Updated regularly. Coverage: Covers every single aspect of the Holocaust. Includes articles, artifacts, documents, historical film footage, oral histories, animated maps, maps, music, and photography. Yad Vashem http://www.yadvashem.org/ Evaluation Criteria Authority: Established in 1953, Yad Vashem is the most comprehensive museum of the Holocaust. Accuracy: Yad Vashem is the most respected Holocaust Museum, located in Jerusalem, Israel. There is no question of accuracy. Objectivity: Completely objective based entirely on fact. Currency: Updated Regularly. Coverage: It is committed to commemoration, documentation, research, and education of the Holocaust. It includes every element of the Holocaust.

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Works Cited Alta Vista. 2012. Web. http://www.altavista.com Amazon. N.p., 2012. Web. http://www.amazon.com/. "Association of Holocaust Organizations." Encyclopedia of Associations: National Organizations of the U.S.. Ed. Tara Atterberry. 51st ed. Detroit: Gale, 2012. 2490 pp. 2 vols. Gale Ready Reference Shelf. Gale. Texas Womans University. Auschwitz. PBS, 2012. Web. http://www.pbs.org/auschwitz/. Bing. 2012. Web. http://www.bing.com. Butovsky, Mervin, and Kurt Jonassohn. "From Victim to Witness: A Collection of the Abstracts Holocaust Survivor Memoirs." Holocaust Memoir Abstracts. The Concordia Chair in Canadian Jewish Studies, 2005. Web. http://migs.concordia.ca/HolocaustMemoirAbstracts.htm The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names. Yad Vashem, 2012. Web. http://db.yadvashem.org/names/search.html?language=en. Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site. N.p., 2012. Web. http://www.kz-gedenkstaette-dachau.de/index-e.html. David and Fela Shapell Family Foundation. Dapim: Studies on the Shoah (2012): n. pag. Print.

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Dimensions Online: A Journal of Holocaust Studies. (2012). AntiDefamation League's Braun Holocaust Institute. Web. http://www.adl.org/education/dimensions_19/default.asp. Directory of Holocaust Institutions. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council, 1988. Print. Frank, Anne. The Diary of a Young Girl: The Definitive Edition. Ed. Otto Frank and Mirjam Pressler. Trans. Susan Massotty. New York: Doubleday, 1995. Print. Google. 2012. Web. http://www.google.com. Hayes, Peter, and John K. Roth. The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies. Oxford, England: Oxford UP, 2010. Print. The Holocaust Chronicle. N.p., 2012. Web. http://www.holocaustchronicle.org/. Holocaust Encyclopedia. University of Michigan, 2012. Web. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/. Holocaust Glossary. N.p., 2012. Web. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/wiesentha l_glossary.html. Index of Articles on Jewish Studies. Jerusalem: Jewish National and University Library, 2012. Print. Laqueur, Walter, and Judith Tydor Baumel-Schwartz. The Holocaust Encyclopedia. New Haven: Yale UP, 2001. Print.

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Levi, Primo. The Drowned and the Saved. New York: Summit, 1988. Print. Patterson, David, Alan L. Berger, and Sarita Cargas. Encyclopedia of Holocaust Literature. Westport, CT: Oryx, 2002. Print. Schulman, William L. Directory: Association of Holocaust Organizations. Houston: Holocaust Museum Houston, 2010. Print. Shoah. Dir. Claude Lanzmann. Parafrance, 1985. Spiegelman, Art. Maus: A Survivor's Tale. New York: Pantheon, 1986. Print. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2012. Web. http://www.ushmm.org/. Voice/Vision Holocaust Survivor Oral History Archive. University of Michigan, 2012. Web. http://holocaust.umd.umich.edu/. Wiesel, Elie, and Marion Wiesel. Night. New York, NY: Hill and Wang, a Division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006. Print. Wistrich, Robert Solomon. Who's Who in Nazi Germany. London: Routledge, 1995. Print. Yad Vashem. N.p., 2012. Web. http://www.yadvashem.org/.

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