Sunteți pe pagina 1din 13

KHETRI TANK HOUSE MODERNIZATION

SOME TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS M


P, Balachandran, M, J. Alam, G. L. Bhotoa
Hindustan Copper Limited
Khetri Copper Complex
Khetri Nager-333504, (India)

m&mt
Abstract
The paper o u t l i n e s the exi s t i n g f a c i l i t i e s and worki ng p r a c t i c e s
at the K h e t r i e l e c t r o - r e f i n e r y of Hindustan Copper L i m i t e d .
have boon drawn up to mechanize sonic key ope cations to improve tho
q u a l i t y . o f cathodes and the working environment as v;e 11 as economize
the refinery operations. The economic analysis for determining
Plans
HI
v a r i o u s optimum o p e r a t i o n a l parameters under c o n d i t i o n s e x i s t i n g i n

BS
I n d i a have also been o u t l i n e d . The impact of c a p a c i t y u t i l i s a t i o n and
mechanization under d i f f e r e n t sets of c o n d i t i o n s on o p e r a t i o n a l costs
have been h i g h l i g h t e d .

th:V .••••••}

• • / • . „ . '"9

II ft •

v
;
KHETRI TANK HOUSE MODERNIZATION
h

SOME TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

BY

P. BALACHANDRAN
M. J. ALAM
G. L. BHOTOA

PAPER PRESENTED AT SYMPOSIUM SPONSORED BY THE


TMS COPPER, NICKEL, PRECIOUS METALS AND ELECTROLYTIC
PROCESSES COMMITTEES HELD AT THE TMS 116TH ANNUAL
MEETING IN DENVER, COLORADO, FEBRUARY 24-26, 1987..

Introduction

H i n d u s t a n Copper L t d . , a Government o f I n d i a E n t e r p r i s e , i s t h e s o l o
producer of copper in India. The company has two underground
mining / m e t a l l u r g i c a l u n i t s s i t u a t e d in ttie eastern and western pa,rts of
the country and an open-cast mine s i t u a t e d in the c e n t r a l p a r t .

The u n i t si tuated in the western s e c t o r , c a l l e d the K h e t r i Copper


Complex (KCC), has faci l i t i e s to produce 31,000 m e t r i c tqns of
electrolytic grade copper. The facil i ties consist of [nines,
c o n c e n t r a t o r , smelter refinery and acid / f e r t i l i z e r plants, The
smelter utilizes the flash furnace, converter and anode furnace route for
producing anode copper. The electrolytic refinery, operating at a
conventional current density produces copper at 80-855! of the rated
capacity. The metallurgical complexes wore were commissioned during ttic
year 1974. In order to increase the production of copper in the country,
the concentrates which are available from the new mine located at
Malanjkhand i ti the state of Kadhya Pradesh, are also proposed to be
smelted at KCC. Bo LI) smelter and refinery units arc going through major'
modi fications to improve opera tions to accommodate the increased
production. As a part of this modernization scheme the facilities at the?
electrolytic plant are expected to be mechanized. It is also proposed to
set up an electrolyte regeneration and purification plant. In this, paper
an attempt has been made to analyze.the technical and economic aspects of
the Tank House operation, especially as it relates to mechanizing the
eel 1 operation. Cost curves have been developed to obtain a better
understanding of the impact of various technical parameters on the
operating expenses.
Description of the exi sting instailation
The existing installation consists of 440 cells of which 44 cells are
stripper cells. Three independent electrolyte circuits are used to
supply hot, condi tioned, fi11 nred electrolyte, one circuit is used for
the stri pper eel 1 s and two i or the commercial cells. Ten coiiunercial
1. cells, distributed equally over the electrolytic plant have been
converted t o c o n t r o l c e l l s •".ing insoluble anodes. They are utilized to
c o n t r o l the b u i l d - u p of COJ1: •r in the electrolyte. The cells themselves
are assembled i n groups of il cells to facilitate electrical isolation
for cell operations. The cells are constructed using 100 m.m thick
concrete and 43! antimonial lead liners. Their dimensions are 3.6m (
length ) x 0.93m ( width ) xx 1.60m ( height ). The cells have a draining
c i r c u i t f o r e l e c t r o l y t e r moval and slime collection. The slime Is sent
to the fi H e r press locati i in the separate building for filtration. The
e l e c t r o l y t e and slime pip; ; a\-c made of PVC lines with Fill',

The Tank House is d i v i d e d i n t o three a d j o i n i n g bays, two bays of at


the end are 24,25 m wide and a c e n t r a l one i s 1.1.5 m wide. The two end
bays accommodate the e l e c t r o l y t e c e l l s and the c e n t r a l bay accommodates
the equipment f o r heat, i n g , pumping and condi t ion ing of the e l e c t r o l y t e ,
as given in Figure 1.

if The production bays are s e r v i c e d by three 12 tonne EOT Cranes, The


c e n t r a l boy is p r o v M ' d wi th one 5 ton no EOT Crane f o r maintenance of

I]
\

i! 351

C S ^ j : /,&>:•
1 1, IL.
5i s
— —
— —

- - •

H — . . .. j

; 7 :; 7

— G 0

2 2
— T

1 .Washing
Tanks
2.Colls
•• i
group
i •
3,Collecting 'L \ . '', •'['

4 4 Tank I
4.Collecting
Trmk II
5,Collecting
Tank I I I
3 ..3. G,settling
Tank
7,Sliruo Tnnk
8 .Stcirnno
—1 i 1 II Tank (Elo-
ctrolyte)
9.Cnthodo &
III
nnodo ato-
10 rage aron
10, Stripping
shoot pro-
.' ' • • i

area
11 11.Offices
12.Root ' , * . • ' • ' " • '

*.V:" : "'
!

Layout, at Tnul( UDUCO fit ill :


' • . ^ '

ill!

J'J'J

1
Blii
the equipment. The operating data of the refinery are shown in
appendix 1.
Lin.1 cast In the smelter on an anode casting wheel, u
thickness is manually control led resulting in wide variations in anode
weight. Use of such anodes adversely affects the steady operations in the
oloctrolyt fc plant. It also liar, an impact on materials hand] Jny
operations. Hence it lias been decided to introduce automatic weight
control for anodes during casting and to supply anodes of uniform weight
to the electrolytic plant.
Si nee no lead or other heavy metals are present in the KCC anodes,
slimes produced in the electrolyte has a tendency to float. Settling and
filtration systems originally envisaged by the consultants proved
inadequate to deal with the situation at a high level of capacity
utilization. Consequently the slime filtration system, the electrolyte
filtration system and electrolyte make-up system were modified to supply
clear electrolyte to the electrolyte Circuits by using a S c h o o l e r
filter.
The material handling in the electrolytic plant is manual in nature.
Anodes received from Smelter are dressed and spaced manually on racks, A
12 tonne EOT crane lifts the anodes in hooking devices and charges them
into the eel 1. Copper shims are used under the anode lug to ensure
proper vertical alignment. The starting sheets are manually stripped from
copper mother blanks and are conveyed to the main riveting press by means
of e hand driven troiicy. The riveted sheets are then straightened
through a pair of rolls which also ridgedizes the sheets. The round
current carrying bar is placed in the loop manually and tfie sheets are
manually transferred on storage rac' ;. Starting sheets are transferred by
EOT Crane and then charged again n ...ally between the anodes in the cell.
Cells are filled with electrolyte and the electrical circuit is switched
on by removing the isolating shunt.
Ilii
Proposed Mechaniza tion/Kodernization
These operations are \-?ry labor intensive and need
highly skilled operators. Operators and supervisors were leaving,
causing occasional high labor turn over and posing a problem in
maintaining a hi gh standard of operations. Moreover, the cost of labor
has more than doubled for the past five years and this trend is likely to
continue into the future. The cost of fuel and electricity has increased
three times over the past few yoars, Hence, it has become very necessary
to introduce mechanization In i.ho electrolytic plant in order to i;educe
costs and improve the operating efficiency and productivity. It was felt
at the outset that some of the operations of the existing plant ore
necessary to be strengthened 'modified to improve the materia1 handl Ing
and the plant operation. The proposed system deals with the a relatively,
low current efficiency, the high rate of anode scrap generation, the high
level of floating slimes in the electrolyte and the highly labor
intensive handling equips it. In order to improve the operating
efficiency and p r o d u c t i v e of the unit the fol lowing faci 1 i ties are
proposed to be added and lodifi cation in some areas of operation are
planned.
1. Anode milling and spacing machine
2. Automatic starting sheet preparation machine
3. Cathode washing machine
4. Mist separators Lo improve the ventilation system
Milli-volt recorders for each cell to improve short circuit
detection
M o d i f i c a t i o n s i n e l e c t r o l y t e and s l i m e c i r c u i t s t o r e d u c e t h e
l e v e l o f f l o a t i n g slimes i n tiie e l e c t r o l y t e
S e t t i n g u p o f a n e l e c t r o l y t e p u r i f i Cd'. i o n p l a n t f o r p u r i f i c a t i o n • -

o f e l e c t r o l y t e and r e - c i r c u l a t i o n o f black a c i d t o t h e
e l e c t r o l y t e c i r c u i t with a d d i t i o n a l f a c i l i t y for recovery o f
c r u d e n i c k e l sut f a t e .
8, Mechanized system f o r a d d i t i o n of reagents.

These measures have been planned for implementation after a detailed i


analysis of the problems faced i n the day-1 o-da.y operations on the shop
floor. The following table gives the expected benefits of the
modernization compared with the existing plant operation.

PftestNT LEVEL LEVEL OF OPERATION AFTER •

of OPERATIONS

i) Average current 91%


efficiency • . • • •

ii) Percentage of Anode 22$, 15%


lii)

v)
\
Cathode production
Total power consump
tion
2400 MT
JOOKvJi/HT
31,300 MT
210 Lo 250Kwh/MT I !

i
Floating slime 20 to 30 • pin 4 to 8 ppm
vi) Percentage downtime 152 5 to 10% i
of eel 1s
vii) Cathode Quality
99.99;i minimum 99.99* minimum
, • .

Copper
Nickel 5.0 ppm 5 0 ppm
Selenium 2 ppm 1 ppm max.
Telluri um 2 ppm 1 ppm max,
Sulphur 12-18 ppm 10 ppm max,
Iron 12-15 ppm
:

5 0 ppm max.
:

Antimony 0,6 ppm 0,6 ppm


Bismuth 0.6 0.6 ppm
Lead 2 ppm 1 0 ppm : • ,

Silver 8-16 ppm 10.0 ppm -


Gold 0.2 PJ.,:I
vii i Recovery of acid Not done 90^ wil1 be
reused in the \-\\W •
system
Economic Analysi s • -1
An economic
d e c i s i o n maker
analysis
(i.e., tho
of all th
Project Planner or
important parameters assists
the ttpumtittt] Munayor)
the
in
i
c l i o o s i r u j among the most c o s t e f f e c t i v e a l t e r n a t i v e s .

;,;•;:•• The e c o n o m i c a n a l y s i s has been b a s e d o n t h e h i s t o r i c a l c o s t d a t a o f


the e x i s t i n g tank house. A n a n a l y s i s o f t h e o p e r a t i n g c o s t f o r the p a s t
few y e a r s a t KCC R e f i n e r y i n d i c a t e s t h a t 40-50% o f t h e t o t a l c o s t o f . . •

p r o d u c t i o n amounts t o l o n g t e r m f i x e d c o s t s , They i n c l u d e d e p r e c i a t i o n , •

a l l o c a t e d f i n a n c i n g c h a r g e s and a l l o c a t e d c o s t o f s e r v i c e s . Out o f t h e
b a l a n c e 4 0 - 6 0 S o f t h e c o s t s , power a l o n e a c c o u n t s f o r the 3'j.i.
because power is a v e r y e x p a n s i v e commodity and at KCC the p r i c e i n c r e a s e
p e r u n i t has buuti tour to] d over t h e l a s t b y u j r s .
This is

A;> (.lie p l a n t s i\\\;


l o c a t e d i n a power clef i c i L area, c a p t i v e iji'iiut'i) L i o n of power i s b e i n g
m3
r e s o r t e d t o and t h e c o s t o f g e n e r a t i n g a n a d d i t i o n a l u n i t o f power

•;tfe: i
••}>
amounts to Rs, 1.75 per KW/hr, The other major cost Hems arc manpower,
spares and stores nnri operating supplies. However, these costs do not
flic t u d e the c o s t s uf c a r r y lr«J t h e sm'La I l o c k e d up i n p r o c e s s ns w e i 1 3 s
the cost of anode scrap remeltiny, but include allocated costs arid
overheads which are beyond the control of the Project Planner gr
Operating Manager.
In analyzing the impact of operating parameters on cost, the concept
of relevant cost has been adopted. Sunk costs which have already been
incurred at the time of making the decision have not been considered.
Future cash costs l i k e i n t e r e s t on metal locked up, cost of materials and
energy which are p a r t i a l l y or f u l l y amendable for control by the Project or
Operating Manager have been taken into account. The future impact of sunk
costs l i k e interest on capital already employed have not been accounted f o r
as they have no influence on tlie decision at hand, The results of these
calculations on a few c r i t i c a l parameters are discussed in this section.

Current density

Current density is the most important parameter in any copper


refinery. In conventional r e f i n e r i e s ( l i k e KCC), the current density is
nta In tained between 180-240 amps/st) .01. Increased' current den si ty
increases p o l a r i z a t i o n and f i n a l l y causes anode passivation. In the
context of the KCC r e f i n e r y , however, it is possible to operate at f a i r l y
high levels of current density cfue to lower value of impurities' in
anodes,

1'ltG power consumption i ncrcases wi th the current densi ty as the


production increases i n proportion to the current where as the power
consumption increases by the square of the current even if a linear
voltage current r e l a t i o n s h i p is assumed. Polarization and other
resistances themselves increase with current d e n s i t y and this increase "in
power consumption is even much larger.

A higher current densi ty .also requires better operational . c o n t r o l ,


At a higher current density there is a tendency for excessive nodulation
and formation of a spongy deposi t with the resulting cathode quality
On tlie other hand a hi gher current density reduces .' the
capital
investment and capi tal costs as the output per cell increases.
costs as The
optimum current density depends not only on the capital cost, the cost of
power and labor
labor but
but also
also on the ski 11 and diligence of the operators.
exi sting refinery
Tor an existing refinery capital cost is a sunk cost and is not
relevant. Increases in [.reduction arc relevant and have to be
considered.

If the current densi ty in an operating refinery like KCC is


increased wi thout any improvements in the operation, 1 i ke better short
circui t detection, or Letter electrolyte ci rculation, the current
efficiency is 1 ikely to -'ateriorate wi th associated problems which may
become counter-producti :•<.•. An economic analysis of the KCC Refinery
indicates that the optinmi is reached at around 210 Amps/sq.m. i.el, at
a production level of 3050 HT of cathodes per month. As the availability
of anodes is below this level the tank house is presently being operated
at a current density of 195 Amps/sq.m. Moreover, as the electrolyte
regeneration cells in tank house are being serviced by the same rectifier
it is not possible to iticrease the current density to the optimum. While
calculating the relevant cost, the cost of power, manpower, operating
materials, spares and the i nterest on the me to! locked has been' taken
into account. The d-Ua is given in Figure 'I. This graph is comparative

358
in nature and the cost of exi sting operations is taken as 100. The
y-axis is basically the ratio between the projected cost and the standard ;
r* '" '*"
cost expressed as a percentage.
Impact of Material Handling
This is an important section of Tank House from the cost point of
view since most of the manpower is used for materials handling. As
indicated earlier, it is possible to insulate the efficiency of cell
operations from the manual skill of workers 1W introducing mechanization. ! •

Consequently, considerable scope exi sts in improving operational


efficiency and productivity.
W1 tli mochanized material hand] i ng, the fol lowing changes in'
operations are expected to p r i m a r i l y take lace:
1. Manpower requirement is reduced :1
1
I "-
2. Current efficiencies improve by .

115T

I
•a
o With mechanisation
o
o
-
© 105 Without :
raeohanigation ill

4*
M
s 100
'2785" Mr
5S15 MT (I
i
ooo "3500"
Monthly output in MT.

V,
Pior-2

359
3. Cell n v a i l a b i l i t i e s increase by 5-10?
1. As tinotius and CitUtodos are uniform and s t r a i g h t the
between the anode and cathode can be reduced by [ >% with
consequent saving in power
5, As a r e s u l t of the above f a c t o r s the o u t p u t Increases more
in r e l a t i o n to the c u r r e n l . rlcur, il.y n; compared to n not)
median i zcti opera I ion
6, The chemical q u a l i t y of catliode improves ( t h e impact of t h i s
cost cannot be e v a l u a t e d )
7, The c u r r e n t flow in almost a l l the anodes and cathodes in
tank house would be u n i f o r m with very l i t t l e v a r i a t i o n in
catliode weights as compared to manual o p e r a t i o n

The e f f e c t of the above on the c o s t of o p e r a t i o n is a l s o given in


F i g u r e 2. It can be seen from the f i g u r e t h a t the c o s t of o p e r a t i o n s are
h i g h l y s e n s i t i v e to the l e v e l s of p r o d u c t i o n a ' f t e r mechanization as
compared to the manual o p e r a t i o n . This is because the costs a s s o c i a t e d
w i t h the c a p i t a l e x p e n d i t u r e i . e . , f u t u r e d e p r e c i a t i o n and i n t e r e s t o n
investment ( r o u g h l y 6%) have to be i n c l u d e d in the c o s t . The net r e s u l t
is that i r tho r e f i n e r y is operated below 90$ of the production capacIty
the mechanization would not be economical. On the o t h e r hand expanding
the tank house by adding a few more o p e r a t i n g c e l l s w i l l reduce the cost
and make the mechanization more v i a b l e .

Cathode Weight

Once a c u r r e n t d e n s i t y has been determined the next major parameter


which a f f e c t s the cost is the cathode w e i g h t , Changes in the cathode
weight i n an o p e r a t i n g r e f i n e r y have p r i m a r i l y the f o l l o w i n g cost
implications:

1, Increased cathode weight decreases the s t a r t i n g sheet


requirement
and reduces the m a t e r i a l handling i n v o l v e d with anodes
Z. Increased cathode weight in t u r n increases the anode weight thus
l o c k i n g up more work-in-progress and hence h i g h e r working c a p i t a l
costs
3. Increased cathode weigh' results in a decreased scrap m e l t i n g ,
load as the cathode d e p ; i . ; i t is more in p r o p o r t i o n to the anode
i it scrap generated

Due to the above three i sasons., i n o r d e r to compare the cost


behavior of the v a r i o u s pa rain;!ers and i t s s e n s i t i v i t y on c o s t , cathode
weight can be taken as the independent v a r i a b l e to study c o s t s . However,
due to p r a c t i c a l problems the cathode weight cannot be Immediately
increased in an e x i s t i n g tank iiouse. Parameters l i k e i n t e r f a c e c o r r o s i o n
a t the loops and c o n t r o l of d e p o s i t i o n a t the loops are some of the
v a r i a b l e s w h i c h ' a r e process l i m i t a t i o n s . S i m i l a r l y f o r a manual m a t e r i a l
h a n d l i n g system (as e x i s t i n g at KCC) the c a p a c i t y of the o p e r a t i n g
personnel to unload the heavier cathodes manually also becomes a
constraint. However, progressive increases in cathode weight
over a p e r i o d of time would help in reducing c o s t s .

It.'

11- • 360
Crops of cathodes per anode cycle

In copper e l e c t r o - r e f i ning normally two crops of cathodes are


obtained for one s e t of anodes charged ( i . e . , two crop o p e r a t i o n ) . In
some o t h e r conventional refi n e r i e s three crops of cathodes are obtained
for one s e t of anodes charged ( i . e . , three crop o p e r a t i o n ) . A major
departure from t h i s p r a c t i c e has been introduced s u c c e s s f u l l y a t Onahama
No. 3 tank house where a one cathode crop/anode crop method has been
practiced. The e v a l u a t i o n of the three a l t e r n a t i v e s i s qui'te r e l e v a n t
for a r e f i n e r y planning for mechani zation and hence a c o s t a n a l y s i s i s
necessary for t h i s purpose.

180

170
2
© IGo
3
3a 150

jjj 130
o
5 120

n
6 100 -

90
80
60 7r> 80
Cathode weight

Fig-3: Effect .f cathode weight on


handling costs & s t a r t i n g
shoot costs for 1,2 & 3
of cathodo/anode cycle.

The r e l e v a n t costs under c o n s i d e r a t i o n for a n a l y s i s are the cost of


manpower and s t a r t i n g s h e e t s , i n t e r e s t on work-in-progress employed and
cost of remelting anode s c r a p . Figure 3-6 give the r e l e v a n t c o s t s for
copper r e f i n i n g in a conventional tank house. The e x i s t i n g cost ( a t 80 Kg
of.cathode weight with 2 cycle o p e r a t i o n ) is taken as standard
the above f i g u r e s .

. I t c a n b e s e e n from F i g u r e 3 t h a t t h e c o s t o f m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g a n d
s t a r t i n g s h e e t p r e p a r a t i o n (with manual h a n d l i n g ) is h i g h e s t f o r a one
crop operation. The c o s t d e c r e a s e s w i t h c a t h o d e w e i g h t d u e t o r e a s o n s
mentioned e a r l i e r . The t h r e e c r o p o p e r a t i o n h a s minimum c o s t s d u e t o t h e
l o w e r anode h a n d l i n g c o s t per c r o p .
The Figure 4 gives the c o s t of in process copper locked-up in' the
cells. Increased cathode weights i n c r e a s e t h i s f i g u r e . However, the one
co UKKIC crofi/itumfo eye lo ojiotMtion has .i t;l<*sr adv^nt^u)' 1 on t,ho other two
modes of operation as the anodes have l e s s o r weight and do not remain for
longer period of time in c e l l s .

The F1 (jure r> gives the cost of scrap rcmel t i n g . At KCC, the scrap
generated at anode furnace furnace iittsseellff is
is hiyh and the remo
remollin<ilin<i of anode scra
is a c o n s t r a i n t . Consequently, the marginal c o s t of melting.anode scrap
lias been taken i n to t o account. The one crop o p e r a t i o n i s a t a. di s t i n e t
disadvantage as compared to a two crop or three crop operation for t h i s
segment of c o s t .

300

•a 2 5 0
o

200 ••

150

100

50--

60 70 80 90 100 HO
Weight of cathodo in K%.

^ . 4 t Fl'feot or cathodo weight on inventory


c a r r y i n g cost for 1,2 & 3 crops of
t l / cycle,

352
Cost Ratlo/MT of cathode
Cost Ratie/MT of cathode
• .
. I

The t o t a l r e l e v a n t costs of processing are given in Figure 6, f o r a ope


c r o p , I.wo eni]> .mil Ihrei 1 crop itpptMt. i o n , ; l i d i n he SMMI I nnu lite fftjW|»r
t h a t t h e c o s t o f a t h r e e c r o p o p e r a t i o n i s a l m o s t I n d i f f e r e n t t o caLhii<le
weight. The c o s t o f p r o d u c t i o n a t h i g h c a t h o d e w e i g h t s a r e same f o r two
c r o p and one c r o p o p e r a t i o n . A t a r o u n d 8 0 Kg o f c a t h o d e w e i g h t , the
l.ltrw c r o p r: v'.t I'III ,m<l |.wti c r o p r,y, (cm HYP mure IM'OIIIHII i c,) 1 . Powpf RflVJlif]
HHttlUMl III'] I " 111 I It.f. hff I Hi Illitcil I in I In1 IHW i ii ! i | |

' , y , l littt, I Vrll t l i n t , t I I r | ||,i I i v I'. IM ! ci iinulii I i ,i I it I I hi' I


wo are opera t i n y .

I t must be pointed out that these curves are f o r an e x i s t i n g


r e f i n e r y with manual material h a n d l i n g , where tho o t h e r advantages of pne
cathode crop/a node c y c l e system 1 i ke reduced handling c o s t s , reduced
manpower and very high l e v e l of rnechan• zation do not e x i s t . Given those
advantages, the si ngle crop system may prove to be economical f o r a'new
refinery.
Conclusion

The abovo economic a n a l y s i s has been tho primary basis for


determining the f u t u r e course of a c t i o n to be taken to modernize and
mechanize the r e f i n e r y . As the p r o d u c t i o n of copper i s 1 i k e l y to
i n c r e a s e , it is expected t h a t the p r o d u c t i o n at the KCC r e f i n e r y could be
increased economically wi th mechani z a t i o n . The exi s t i n g m o d e r n i z a t i o n
scheme can a l s o f a c i l i t a t e expansion by a d d i t i o n of new c e l l s to meet"the
f u t u r e demands a l s o . I t is expected t h a t the above t e c h n i c a l ' and
economic models would be used a f t e r m o d e r n i z a t i o n to maximize b e n e f i t s i n
an ever changing scenario of p r i c e s and c o s t s . :

il

Annexure

Basic o p e r a t i n g data of e l e r '..colytic refinery


1. Anode Composi t i o n :
Cu 99.3 -99.5' Se 300 ppm
N1 750 ppm To 150 |)pm
Fe 120 ppm • Au VI ppm
As •10 ppm Ag 160 ppm
Sb 9 ppm 45 ppm 1
iSi 60 ppm 02 1500 I'I'm
Pb 30 ppm
2. Number of eel 1s:
Stripper 44 ( i n one electrolytic ci rcuit)
CoiTiiiercifll 396 ( i n two electrolytic ci rcuit of 198 e a c h )
3. Size of Anode: 942 x 760 x 35 inm3 (weight 220 Kg)
Size of Cathode: 960 x 830x (). 6 mm
4. Current densi t y : 195 Amps/Sq m j
5, Anode to cathode spacing 115 mm
6. Number of anodes/ce 1 29
Number of cathodes/eel 1 30
Number of c e l l / s e c t i o n 11 i

S-ar putea să vă placă și