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INTRODUCTION TO THREE-NEUTRINO MIXING PARAMETERS LISTINGS Updated October 2013 by M. Goodman (ANL). Introduction and Notation: With the exception of possible short-baseline anomalies (such as LSND), current accelerator, reactor, solar and atmospheric neutrino data can be described within the framework of a 3 3 mixing matrix between the avor eigenstates e , and and mass eigenstates 1 , 2 and 3 . (See equation 13.78 of the review Neutrino Mass, Mixing and Oscillations by K. Nakamura and S.T. Petcov.) Whether or not this is the ultimately correct framework, it is currently widely used to parametrize neutrino mixing data and to plan new experiments. 2 2 The mass dierences are called m2 21 m2 m1 and 2 2 m2 32 m3 m2 . In these listings, we assume
2 m2 32 m31

(1)

even though the experimental error is comparable to the dif2 2 ference m2 31 m32 = m21 . The measurements made by disappearance at accelerators and by e disappearance at 2 reactors are slightly dierent mixtures of m2 32 and m31 . The angles are labeled 12 , 23 and 13 . The CP violating phase is called , but that does not yet appear in the listings. The familiar two neutrino form for oscillations is P (a b ; a = b) = sin2 (2 ) sin2 (m2 L/4E ). (2)

Despite the fact that the mixing angles have been measured to be much larger than in the quark sector, the two neutrino form is often a very good approximation and is used in many situations. The angles appear in the equations below in many forms. They most often appear as sin2 (2 ). The listings currently use this convention. Accelerator neutrino experiments: Ignoring m2 21 , CP violation, and matter eects, the equations for the probability of

CITATION: J. Beringer et al. (Particle Data Group), PR D86, 010001 (2012) and 2013 update for the 2014 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov) December 18, 2013 11:59

appearance in an accelerator oscillation experiment are: P ( ) = sin2 (223 ) cos4 (13 ) sin2 (m2 32 L/4E ) P ( e ) = sin2 (213 ) sin2 (23 ) sin2 (m2 32 L/4E ) P (e ) = sin2 (213 ) sin2 (23 ) sin2 (m2 32 L/4E ) (3) (4) (5)

P (e ) = sin2 (213 ) cos2 (23 ) sin2 (m2 32 L/4E ) . (6) Current and future long-baseline accelerator experiments are studying non-zero 13 through P ( e ). Including the CP terms and low mass scale, the equation for neutrino oscillation in vacuum is: P ( e ) = P 1 + P 2 + P 3 + P 4 P 1 = sin2 (23 ) sin2 (213 ) sin2 (m2 32 L/4E ) P 2 = cos2 (23 ) sin2 (213 ) sin2 (m2 21 L/4E ) P 3 = /+ J sin( ) sin(m2 32 L/4E ) P 4 = J cos( ) cos(m2 32 L/4E ) where J = cos(13 ) sin(212 ) sin(213 ) sin(223 )
2 sin(m2 32 L/4E ) sin(m21 L/4E )

(7)

(8)

and the sign in P3 is negative for neutrinos and positive for antineutrinos respectively. For most new long-baseline accelerator experiments, P2 can safely be neglected but the other three terms could be comparable. Also, depending on the distance and the mass hierarchy, matter eects will need to be included. Reactor neutrino experiments: Nuclear reactors are prolic sources of e with an energy near 4 MeV. The oscillation probability can be expressed P ( e e ) = 1 cos4 (13 ) sin2 (212 ) sin2 (m2 21 L/4E ) cos2 (12 ) sin2 (213 ) sin2 (m2 31 L/4E ) sin2 (12 ) sin2 (213 ) sin2 (m2 32 L/4E ) (9) not using the approximation in Eq. (1). For short distances (L<5 km) we can ignore the second term on the right and can

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reimpose approximation Eq. (1). This takes the familiar two neutrino form with 13 and m2 32 : P ( e e ) = 1 sin2 (213 ) sin2 (m2 32 L/4E ). (10)

Solar and Atmospheric neutrino experiments: Solar neutrino experiments are sensitive to e disappearance and have allowed the measurement of 12 and m2 21 . They are also 2 2 sensitive to 13 . We identify m = m21 and = 12 . Atmospheric neutrino experiments are primarily sensitive to disappearance through oscillations, and have 2 allowed the measurement of 23 and m2 32 . We identify mA = m2 32 and A = 23 . Despite the large e component of the atmospheric neutrino ux, it is dicult to measure m2 21 eects. This is because of a cancellation between e and e together with the fact that the ratio of and e atmospheric uxes, which arise from sequential and decay, is near 2. Oscillation Parameter Listings: In Section (B) we encode the three mixing angles 12 , 23 , 13 and two mass squared 2 2 dierences m2 21 and m32 . Our knowledge of 12 and m21 comes from the KamLAND reactor neutrino experiment together with solar neutrino experiments. Our knowledge of 23 and m2 32 comes from atmospheric neutrino experiments and long-baseline accelerator experiments. Results on 13 come from reactor antineutrino disappearance experiments. There are also results from long-baseline accelerator experiments looking for e appearance. The interpretation of both kinds of results depends on m2 32 , and the accelerator results also depend on the mass hierarchy, 23 and the CP violating phase . We present values for 13 at the current best t value of m2 32 , but they are not symmetric around that best t value.

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