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%earl$ all valves will &e line si'e ( one e)ception is control valves, w ic are usuall$ one or two si'es smaller t an line si'e* never larger+ ,t control stations and pumps it as &een almost traditional to use line-si'e isolating valves+ -owever, some companies are now using isolating valves at control stations t e same si'e as t e control valve, and at pumps are using .pump si'e/ isolating valves at suction and disc arge+ 0 e c oice is usuall$ an economic one made &$ a pro1ect engineer+ 0 e si'es of &$pass valves for control stations are given in "+1+4, under .Control 2valve) stations/+
If possi&le, arrange valves so t at supports will not &e on remova&le spools6 , plug valve requiring lu&rication must &e easil$ accessi&le, even t oug it ma$ not &e frequentl$ operated+
3ediment ma$ collect in t e gland pac5ing and score t e stem+ , pro1ecting stem ma$ &e a a'ard to personnel+ If an inverted position is necessar$, consider emplo$ing a drips ield6
Provide isolating valves at all instrument pressure points for removal of instruments under operating conditions Provide valved drains on all tan5s, vessels, etc+, and ot er equipment w ic ma$ contain or collect liquids Protect sensitive equipment &$ using a fast-closing c ec5 valve to stop &ac5flow &efore it can gat er momentum Consider &utt-welding or ring-1oint flanged valves for lines containing .searc ing/ fluids+ -$drogen is especiall$ lia&le to lea5 a'ardous or
Consider seal welding screwed valves if used in $drocar&on service see c art 2+3 2inset s5etc ) Provide sufficient valves to control flows Consider providing a concrete pit 2usuall$ a&out 4 ft ) 4 ft) for a valve w ic is to &e located &elow grade Consider use of temporar$ closures for positive s utoff-see 2+A Provide a &$pass if necessar$ for equipment w ic ma$ &e ta5en out of service Provide a &$pass valve around control stations if continuous flow is required+ 3ee "+1+4 and figure "+"+ 0 e &$pass s ould &e at least as large as t e control valve, and is usuall$ glo&e t$pe, unless " inc or larger, w en a gate valve is normall$ used 2see 3+1+4, under .<ate valve/) Provide an upstream isolating valve wit a small valved &$pass to equipment w ic ma$ &e su&1ect to fracture if eat is too rapidl$ applied on opening t e solating valve+ 0$pical use is in steam s$stems to lessen t e ris5 of fracture of suc t ings as castings, vitreous-lined vessels, etc+ Consider providing large gate valves wit a valved &$pass to equali'e pressure on eit er side of t e disc to reduce effort needed to open t e valve
0 e two isolating valves permit servicing of t e control valve+ 0 e emergenc$ &$pass valve is used for manual regulation if t e control valve is out of action+ 0 e &$pass valve is usuall$ a glo&e valve of t e same si'e and pressure rating as t e control valve+ 9or manual regulation in lines " inc and larger, a gate valve is often t e more economic c oice for t e &$pass line-refer to 3+1+4, under .<ate valve/+ 9igures "+A-11 s ow ot er wa$s of arranging control stations-man$ more designs t an t ese are possi&le+ 0 ese illustrations are all sc ematic and can &e adapted to &ot welded and screwed s$stems+
DESIGN POINTS
9or &est control, place t e control station close to t e equipment it serves, and locate it at grade or operating platform level Provide a pressure-gage connection downstream of t e station/s valves+ Depending on t e operation of t e plant, t is connection ma$ eit er &e fitted wit a permanent pressure indicating gage, or &e used to attac a gage temporaril$ 2for c ec5ing purposes) Prefera&l$, do not .sandwic / valves+ Place at least one of t e isolating valves in a vertical line so t at a spool can &e ta5en out allowing t e control valve to &e removed If t e equipment and piping downstream of t e station is of lower pressure rating t an piping upstream, it ma$ &e necessar$ to protect t e downstream s$stem wit a pressure relief valve Provide a valved drain near to and upstream of t e control valve+ 0o save space, t e drain is placed on t e reducer+ 0 e drain valve allows pressure &etween t e isolating valve2s) and control valve to &e released+ ;ne drain is used if t e control valve fails open, and two drains 2one eac side of t e control valve) if t e control valve fails closed 8ocate stations in rac5 piping at grade, ne)t to a &ent or column for eas$ supporting+
TILIT* STATIONS
, utilit$ station usuall$ comprises t ree service lines carr$ing steam, compressed air and water+ 0 e steam line is normall$ C inc minimum, and t e ot er two services are usuall$ carried in 1 inc lines+ 0 ese services are for cleaning local equipment and osing floors+ 29irewater is ta5en from points fed from an independent water suppl$+) 0 e steam line is fitted wit a glo&e valve and t e air and water lines wit gate valve+ ,ll are terminated wit ose connections a&out 3= ft a&ove floor or grade+ , utilit$ station s ould &e located at some convenient steel column for supporting, and all areas it is to serve s ould &e reac a&le wit a !: ft ose+