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Two "QT's" say NO to OBs. Antiretrovirals are like the CIA; how?

Quinolones and Tetracyclines They search for virus, then work to interrupt and hinder growth but do not kill. Nephrotoxicity (kidney) and Ototoxicity (ears).

Major toxic effects of Aminoglycosides (amikacin, Neomycin, Tobramycin, and Gentamicin) are? Beta 1 works for which organ? Beta 2 works for which organ? Calcium Channel Blockers

Cardiac Lungs Norvasc (amlodipine), Verapamil (Calan), Nifidepine (Procardia), Dilitiazem (Cardizem) Metoprolol (Lopressor), Atenolol (Tenormin), Propranolol) Inderal, Nadolol (Corgard) aPril (think month of April), Captoril, Enalapril, Benazepril OLOL. Propranolol, Atenolol CAlan Isoptin, CArdizem, ProCArdia. Verapamil, Nifedipine, Dilitiazem SAMS: Slurred Speech, Altered CNS, Muscle Twitching, Seizures. IDEA: Isoproterenol, Dopamine, Epipinephrine, Atropine. Lispro is a pro & peaks 0.5 - 2.5 hrs.and Exubra eeks behind lispro & peaks in 0.5-1.5hrs Regular (tv show time) peaks 1-5 hrs.

Beta-Andrenergic Blockers

Ace Inhibitors ends in: Beta Blockers end with Calcium Channel Blockers (CA) Calcium Channel Blockers (Very Nice Drugs) Lidocaine Toxicity. Drugs for Bradycardia and decreaed B/P? Which Insulin begins to work in 15-30 mins? Which Insulin begins to work at 30-60 mins? Which Insulin begins at 60-120 mins? Which insulin begins at 70 mins? Insulin Order. #1 Antiinflammatory Corticosteroids end in ? Tapazole (Methimazole)is a security guard not letting in what into Thyroid? M.O.M (milf of Mag) in the PM or what in the AM?

NPH peaks at 6-14 hrs. (Miles Per Hr) Lantus (late/lazy lantus)no peak and in for long haul. LERN Line. Lispro, Exubra, Regular, NPH, Lantus. ONE: prednisone, cortisone, Dexamethasone

Iodine, T3 and T4. controlling Thyrotoxicosis, Thyroid storm.

BM bowel movement

If Mr. Kidney see the doc and says "I feel like I have rocks and I'm not functioning right and I have pain." what will doc say. Mr. Stomache goes to the doc and says " when I get agitated I burn and bring up stomach stuff". what will doc say. Kayelalate unloads what? Salicylate (ASA) Poisoning Sx's

I feel a stone, you need Amphojel to lower your phosphate, and rise your pH. plus low phosphate diet.

Amphojel will put out the fire but watch for hypophosphatemia.

Potassium but watch for irreg hrt rhythm and sodium. Tinnitus, Increased Temp, Dehydration, Disorientation, Hyperventilation. Severe= metabolic acidosis, seizures. 2.0 meq.L 2.0 ng/ml 20 mcg/ml (remember the longest word has the highest #) Felodipine (Plendil), Nifedipine (procardia), Amolodipine (Norvasc), Carbmazepine (Tegretol), Buspirone (buspar), Lovastatin (mevacor). Ca channel blockers: plendil, procardia, norvasc, calan; other drugs: Tegretol, Buspar, Mevacor.

Toxic Level of Lithium is? Toxic Level of Digoxin is? TOxic Level of Theophylline is? Can't use Grapefruit or Grapefruit Juice with what drugs? Grapefruit can not be used with which drugs? hint: Fruit Never Allows Very much Calcium Blockers Leverage Emergency drugs to LEAN on? Timolol (timoptic) what is it used for? Isoniazid (INH) is an antituberculin. Do you increase or lower B6 when using it? Levodopa is an Antiparkinsonism drug. Do you increase or lower the B6 when using it? MAO Inhibitors No Popular Meds: what meds are they? With MAOI's you can't take which meds?

Lidocaine, Epinephrine, Atropine, Narcan Interfers with Aqueous Humor production which reduces pressure. INH = INcrease B6

Levodopa= Lower the B6

Nardil, Parnate, Marplan

No barbiturates, no Tricyclic antidepressants, antihystamines, CNS depressants, Antihypertensives, OTC cold meds. No cheese, wine, preserved meats.

With MAOI's you can't consume which groups of food? Uterine Relaxants (Tocolytics) It's Not My Time! what drugs are they? Serious Complications of combo estrogen and progestin (oral Birth control) ACHES, what are they?

I= Indomethacin (NSAID) N= Nifedipine (CA Channel Blocker), M= Magnesium Sulfate, T= Terbutaline (adrenergic agonist) A= abdominal pains, C= chest pains, H= Headaches, E= Eye probs, S= Severe leg pain.

seven med administation rights ace inhibitors action

client, route, drug, amount, time, documentation, to refuse tx pril- tx primary and secondary htn by inhibiting the coversion of angiotension i to ii se= hypotension, hacking cough, n/v, resp sxmonitor vitals, wbcs, and electrolyte levels olol- help lower bp, pulse rate, and cardiac output; also tx migraines and other vascular headaches, glaucoma and prevent mis by blocking the sympathetic vasomotor response se= orthostatic, bradycardia, chf, blood dyscrasiasmonitor lab values (protein, bun, cr) indicating nephrotic syndrome, monitor vitals, signs of edemateach to rise slowly, report bradycardia, dizziness, confusion,depression, or fever and taper off med cin/mycin- interfere with the protein synthesis of bacteria casing it to die se= ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, seizures, blood dyscrasia, hypotension, rashobtain allergies, monitor i&o, vitals, iv site, therapeutic levels, peak and trough levels pam/pate/lam- anticonvulsants/antianxietys sedative/hypnotics monitor r, liver fnx, kidney fxn, bone marrow fxn, signs of chemical abuse zine- used as antiemetics or major tranquilizer and to tx psychosis with schizophrenia se= eps, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, agranulocytosis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome sone/cort- used for immunosuppression and addison's disease; used to decrease inflammatory response to allergies and inflammatory diseases or to decrease the possibility of organ transplant rejection se= poor wound healing, ecchymosis, bruising, petechiae, depression, flushing, mood changes, htn, osteoporosis, hemorrhagemointor glucose levels, weights, bp, and signs of infection vir- inhibit viral growth by inhibiting an enzyme within the virus report rash, signs of infections, monitor cr freq, liver profile, bowel pattern before and during tx vastatin- help to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels to decrease the potential for cardiovascular disease

ace inhibitors rn considerations

beta adrenergic blockers action

beta adrenergic blockers rn considerations

aminoglycosides

aminoglycosides rn considerations

benzodiazepines action benzodiazepines rn considerations

phenothiazines action

phenothiazines rn considerations

glucocorticoids action

glucocorticoids rn considerations

antivirals action antivirals rn considerations

cholesterol lowering agents action

cholesterol lowering agents rn considerations

se= alopecia, dyspepsia, liver dysfxn, myalgia, headachediet low in cholesterol and fat; mointor cholesterol, liver, renal levels/fxn; report visual changes (cataracts); monitor muscle pain and weakness sartan- block vasoconstrictor and aldosterone secreting angiotensin ii to lower bp and increase co;tx primary or seconday htm and are excellent for pts who complain of coughing r/t ace inhibitors se= insomnia, depression, angina pectoris, second degree av block, conjunctiviitis, impotence, muscle cramps, neutropenia, coughmonitor bp, hr, bun, cr, electrolytes, hydration status, and to report edema in feets and legs daily cox- anti-inflammatory drugs used to tx arthritis and pain r/t arthritis (nsaids) se= fatigue, anxiety, depression, tachycardia, tinnitus, gastroenteritis, stomatiis, sudden gi bleedingreport changines in bowel habits indicating bleeding, monitor platelet count, report easy bruising tidine- block histamine 2 receptor sites, decreasing acid production, used to tx gerd, acid reflux, and gastric ulcers brady/tachycardia, psychosis, seizures, agranulocytosis, alopecia, galactorrheamonitor bun, administer med w/meals, take antacids 1hr before/after med, cimetidine in one large dose at bedtime, sucrlfate decreases histamine 2 receptor blocker effects prazole- suppresses gastric secretion by inhibiting hydrogen/potassium atpase enzyme systems to tx gastric ulcers, indigestion and gern se= insomnia, flatulence, hyperglycemiatake med prior to meals for best absorption, do not crush protonix, use filter when iv protonix, monitor liver fxn parin- thins blood to tx thrombolytic disease, pulmonary emboli, mi, dvt after coronary artery bypass surgery and other conditions requiring anticoagulation se= stomatitis, bleeding, hematuria, dermatitis, alopecia, pruritusmonitor blood studies (hct, occult blood in stool, ptt for heparin, plt, signs of bleeding or infection anti-inflammatory, enhances immune system, estrogen effects, and improves mental and physical abilities improves memory and can be used to tx depression, improves peripheral circulation

angiotensin receptor blockers action

angiotensin receptor blockers rn considerations

co2 enzyme blockers action

co2 enzyme blockers rn considerations

histamine 2 antagonists action

histamine 2 antagonists rn considerations

proton pump inhibitors action

proton pump inhibitors rn considerations

anticoagulants action

anticoagulants rn considerations

ginseng

ginkgo

echinacea st. john's wort Agonists drugs? Antagonists Cholinergic receptors Adrenergic receptors nicotinic N Nicotinic M muscarinic Alpha 1 Alpha 2 Beta 1 Beta 2 Dopaminergic Muscarinic Agonists

tx colds, fevers, uti used to tx mild to moderate depression activate receptors, mimic actions of molecules block receptor activation mediate response to acetycholine mediate responses to epinephrine and norepinephrine ANS ganglia NM junction sweat glands, blood vessels, prostate, bladder, male sex organs eye, skin arterioles, prostate, bladder, male sex organs presynaptic nerve terminals heart lungs Kidney bradycardia, sweating, salivation, bronchial secretions, constriction of bronchi, constriction of the pupil (miosis), contraction of the ciliary muscle (near vision), increase tone of GI smooth muscle, diarrhea Urinary retention not caused by blockage diarrhea, hypotension, decrease HR, salivation, exacerbate asthma glaucoma, dry mouth retinal detachment, excessive sweating Increase HR, decrease secretion, relaxation of bronchi, constipation, pupil dilation (mydriasis) bradycardia, eye surgery, severe diarrhea, pathanocol overdose dry mouth, blurred vision, increase IOP, urinary retention, constipation, anhidrosis, tachycardia, bronchial plugging in asthma overactive bladder puridisis, confusion Signs of Withdrawal - drug seeking, mydriasis, diaphoresis,

Bethanecol uses? Bethanecol side effects? Pilocarpine uses? Pilocarpine side effects? Muscarinic antagonists

Atropine uses? atropine side effects

Oxybutynin (Ditropan)uses? Oxybutynin side effects? What are the signs and symptoms of

Opioid drug withdrawal?

rhinorrheaSymptoms - intense desire for drugs, muscle cramps, arthralgia, anxiety Signs of withdrawal include: social withdrawal, psychomotor retardation, hypersomniaSymptoms - depression, suicidal thoughts and behavior, paranoid delusions Flumazenil (romazicon) is used to reverse the effects of these drugs?

What are the signs and symptoms of Stimulant drug withdrawal?

What is the drug used to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines? What are the major effects of chronic ethanol ingestion? What is Wernicke's Encephalopathy?

1. nutritional and vitamin deficiencies (especially B vitamins)2. Wernicke's Encephalopathy3. Korsakoffs psychosis This occurs with chronic abuse of Ethanol, and is when someone mixes up their words and is also characterized by drowsiness and ataxia This is associated with chronic alcohol abuse and is characterized by amnesia and where someone makes up stories. Typically diazepam (valium) and Lorazepam (ativan) are used in these situations. This drug is used to help with Ethanol treatment. It causes severe nausea and vomiting if alcohol is taken with it. -when taking pt must be mindful of OTC drugs that have alcohol in them. This drug is used to aid in smoking cessation.-it is nicotine free This is pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, or joints.superficial-sharp this is pain that originates from organs or smooth muscles-dull-deep this is pain that usually occurs with tumors, trauma or inflammation of the brain and my accompany any condition that causes CNS damage, such as cancer, diabetes, stroke or MS You would want to avoid giving these drugs with patience that 1. havesevere asthma or other respiratory insufficiency or 2. have a respiratory rate less than 10. Adverse effects of these drugs include-Euphoria-CNS depressionRespiratory depression-urinary retention-constipation This drug is used for complete or partial reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression.-often used in emergency settings The maximum dose for this drug is 4000 mg per day for a healthy adult.

What is Korsakoffs psychosis?

What are the two drugs most often used with ethanol withdrawal? What is Disulfiram (Antabuse) used for?

What is Bupropion (Zyban) used for? What is somatic pain?

What is Visceral pain? What is Central pain?

What are opioid analgesic contraindications?

What are some opioid analgesic adverse effects? When is naloxone (narcan) used?

What is the maximum daily dose for an adult taking Acetaminophen?

When giving Opioid Analgesics a common nursing dx is?

a common nursing dx for pt's receiving opioids is a risk for falls-pt should be instructed to change positions slowly to prevent possible orthostatic hypotension When giving these drugs it is important for the nurse to monitor the patients respiratoy rate.-reespiratory depression may be manifested by respiratory rate of less than 12 breaths/min, dyspnea, diminished breath sounds and/or shallow breathing These drugs have no direct effect on a blood clot that is already formed-used prophylactically to prevent clot formation These drugs increase bleeding and the risk of excessive bleeding

When giving opioid's what is the first priority for the nurse to monitor?

What are Anticoagulants?

What are some common Adverse Effects of Anticoagulants? When giving Heparin which lab values must you monitor? What drug is used to reverse the effects of Heparin? What are some advantages of enoxaparin (Lovenox)? When giving Warfarin Sodium (Coumadin) which lab values must you monitor? What can be given if toxicity occurs when giving a patient Warfarin (Coumadin)? What are Antifibrinolytic drugs?

This drug is monitored by activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTTs) This drug's effects are reversed with Protamine sulfate

This drug is more predictable than heparin and does not require frequent laboratory monitoring This drug is monitored by prothrombin time (PT) and INR

Vitamin K is given if there are any signs of toxicity with this drug

This group of drugs prevent the lysis of fibrin and PROMOTES the formation of clots. -used for prevention and treatment of excessive bleeding sometimes following surgical complications. This group of drugs break down, or lyse preformed clots. these drugs mainly cause gastrointestinal adverse effects and includeGI bleeding-epigastric distress Misoprostol (cytotec) is often used to reduce the Adverse effects of these drugs Signs of this in the adult would include tinnitus and hearing loss.Signs of this in children would include hyperventilation and CNS effects because these drugs cause major gastrointestinal adverse effects these should never be given to someone with GI lesions or peptic ulcer disease or someone that may have a bleeding disorder This is the formation of new blood cells

What are thrombolytic drugs? What are some common Adverse Effects of NSAIDs? Which drug can be used to reduce the dangerous adverse effects of NSAIDs? What are signs of Salicylate toxicity?

What are some contraindications for NSAIDs

What is hematopoiesis?

What are some foods that enhance iron absorption and foods that impair absorption of iron These to supplements are given when someone is anemic What are some therapeutic responses to monitor for with patients taking Iron and Folic acid supplements? Pt's taking liquid iron preparations may experience which adverse effects, and what should they do to prevent this?

This is absorbed better when taken with orange juice and the absorption is impaired when taken with Dairy products

Iron and Folic acid are given to patients experiencing this

Pt's taking these will experience an improved nutritional status, increased weight and an absence of fatigue

Often taking a this supplement as a liquid will result in staining of the tooth enamel and should avoid this by taking the supplement through a straw.Also, Pt's may experience esophageal corrosion and should prevent this by remaining upright for 30 mins These are used as 1. hypnotics2. sedatives3. anticonvulsants4. anesthesia for surgical procedures an overdose of these drugs frequently leads to respiratory depression and CNS depression. These drugs are most frequently prescribed as sedative-hypnoticsdepress CNS activity-do not suppress REM sleep as much as barbiturates This is a benzodiazepine that is a long acting sedative-hypnotic This is a benzodiazepine that is a short acting sedative-hypnotic the most important thing to monitor for when giving these drugs, is the risk for falls and the "hangover effect" , especially in the elderly. Common drugs in this drug class include -baclofen (lioresal)cyclobenzaprine (flexeril)-metaxalone (skelaxin) This is the term meaning a difficulty performing voluntary movements-occurs when too much dopamine is present This is a precursor of dopamine and works because it can cross the blood brain barrier where dopamine by itself is not able to This prevents levodopa breakdown in the periphery and ensures more levodopa crosses the blood brain barrier, where it can be converted to dopamine this drug may darken the patients urine and sweat

When are barbiturates used?

An overdose of Barbiturates will have what kind of effect? What are Benzodiazepines?

What is Flurazepam (dalmane)? What is temazepam (restoril)? What is the most important thing to monitor for when giving benzodiazepines? Name some common muscle relaxants

what is kyskinesia

What is Levodopa therapy and how is it effective where dopamine is not What effect does carbidopa have on levodopa?

Levodopa can cause some visual adverse effects what are these? What are some common benzodiazepine

This drug class include the following drugs -diazepam (valium)-

anxiolytic drugs? What is the benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug Midazolam (versed) used for? What is the drug of choice used for the treatment of mania What are some serious signs of serotonin syndrome? How do SSRIs work?

lorazepam (ativan)-alprazolam (xanax)-midazolam (versed) This drug is used to reduce anxiety and patients memory of painful procedures that do not require general anesthesia-injection only Lithium is the drug of choice for this condition

signs of this syndrome would include:-hyperthermia-seizuresdysrhythmias-rhabdomyolysis These inhibit serotonin reuptake and result in increased serotonin concentrations at nerve endings and are used as an antidepressant These antidepressants are dangerous because they are very lethal and an overdose usual leads to death These drugs combined with the ingestion of foods and/or drinks with the amino acid tyramine lead to hypertensive crisis, which may lead to cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, coma, or death. foods that contain this amino acid include some cheeses, smoked meats, red wines, and italian beans

Why are tricyclic antidepressants considered dangerous What is a hypertensive crisis that is associated with MAOI antidepressants?

What are the foods that contain tyramine, which should be avoided to prevent a hypertensive crisis with patients receiving MAOI antidepressants What will happen when you combine the use of MAOIs and SSRIs

when taking this combination of antidepressants it may result in serotonin syndrome-if the switch occurs the patient must wait 2 - 5 weeks for the "wash-out" period. these adverse affects associated with antipsychotic drugs include:involuntary muscle symptoms similar to PD-akathisia (muscle restlessness)-acute dystonia (painful muscle spasms) These drugs act on this part of the pituitary -corticotropin -somatrem -somatotropin -octreotide which part of the pituitary do these drugs act on -vasopressin desmopressin This drug is a Pituitary drug that stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex -used in the treatment of Multiple sclerosis These pituitary drugs stimulate growth hormone and are used to increase skeletal growth with patient deficient in growth hormone, such as those with dwarfism This pituitary drug is used in the treatment of tumors these pituitary drugs are used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus,

What are extrapyramidal symptoms associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs what are the anterior pituitary drugs

What are the posterior pituitary drugs?

What is corticotropin?

What is Somatropin and Somatrem

What is Octreotide (sandostatin)? What is vasopressin and desmopressin?

also used in the treatment of GI bleeding Mucomyst Narcan Protamine Vitamin K Fever (which nsaids) Pain Inflammation MAOI what food to avoid HypOkalemia HypERkalemia Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia Losartan Nipelipine Metoprolol Captopil Propanolol Baroreceptors B1 receptors are selective for: B2 receptors reverses the effects of tylenol used to reverse respiratory depression (because of opioids) reverses the anticoagulating effects of heprin reverses the anticoagulating effects of Coumadin NSAIDS, ASA, Tylenol NSAIDS, ASA, Tylenol NSAIDS, ASA Yeast, cheese, wine, *processed meats and stuff o Muscle weakness o Muscle cramps o Diminished refelexes o **digoxin risk o Dysrthythmias o Palpitations o Diarrhea o Weakness/fatigue o Nausea/vomiting o Diaphoresis o Confusion o palpitations o Jittery o hunger o Dry o Irritable o Lethargic o Tachycardia o Thirst o hypotension ARB, does not affect heart rate CCB selective beta blocker, affects heart rate decreases it ACE non selective beta blocker, decrease HR Located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch that monitors changes in blood pressure and send this information to the brain o Heart- increase heart rate, increase conductivity, constrict arterioles o Kidney- release renin, increase blood pressure o Lungs- vasodilation o Arterioles- vasodilation o Uterus- relaxed muscle o Liver- gluconeogenesis (conversion of glycogen to glucose) o Skeletal muscle- gluconeogenesis (conversion of glycogen to glucose) Antitussive Narcotic Control dry, non-productive cough Dextromethorphan respiratory depression dizziness dry mouth Topical Nasal Steroid Decongestant- decreases inflammatory response, reduces edema Inc risk for infection local burning, stinging, dryness, rebound congestion! Topical doesn't cause ^BP, but systemic does Antihistamine Used for allergies, seasonal rhinitis, upper respiratory congestion, sleep aid Anticholinergic SE: dry mouth, urinary retention, drowsiness, sedation, bradycardia, constipation Caution with arrythmias, cardiac pt Drowsiness may occur, caution in driving and using machinery. Fall risk, esp in elderly pt. Expectorant For: increasing productive cough irritates gut muscles Reduces adehesiveness of mucus by reducing surface tension GI effects, N/V Mucolytic Liquify secretions to increase productive cough Reduce viscosity of mucus to make it easier to bring up Usually only used in hospital with impaired fxn pt (stroke, elderly) COPD Asthma ARDS Atelectasis Pneumonia Bronchitis (-phylline) bronchial smooth muscle dilators Do not use with liver

Hydrocodone Another antitussive aside from hydrocodone AE of antitussives Flunisolide (AeroBid) AE of topical nasal steroid decongestants Diphenhydramine (Bendadryl) AE of diphenhydramine

PT teaching for diphenhydramine Guaifenesin (Mucinex) AE of expectorants Acetylcystine (Mucomyst)

Six lower respiratory problems Xanthines

Epinephrine (Sus-Phrine) AE of epinephrine Beta 2 Agonist Inhaler

AE of Albuterol Budesonide (Pulmicort) AE of inhaled steroids

Pt teaching for inhaled steroids Predosone

Zafirlukast

AE of leukotriene receptor antagonists Drug-drug interactions with leukotriene receptor antagonists Cromolyn

AE of cromolyn (-tropium)

What is a normal potassium level? What is a normal sodium level? What are the five classes of diuretics? Hydrochlorothiazide

AE of thiazide diuretics Furosimide (Lasix) Caution with Lasix: AE of loop diuretics (Lasix) Mannitol AE of osmotic diuretics

dsyfxn Used for COPD (-rine) (-terol) Sympathomimetic Used for acute anaphylaxis, acute asthma attack, acute bronchospasm from COPD/asthma/allergy Sympathomimetic effects: increased HR, BP, RR, tachycardia, restlessness Decreased effect of beta-blockers Albuterol Used for long acting treatment and prevention of bronchospasm (doesn't work to treat bronchospasm caused by nonspecific beta blockers!) Sympathomimetic effects If taken in combo with long acting Beta 2 agonist like Foradil could cause tachycardia) Inhaled Steroid (also Beclomethasone) Decrease inflammatory response in airway so cause to open more Increased risk for infection Possible fungal infection in mouth and larynx Local effects from inhalation like sore throat, coughing, dry mouth Always wash with alcohol based mouthwash immediately after inhaling-prevent fungal infections Systemic steroid used also for Asthma Decrease inflammatory response AE: inhibits prostoglandin, which inhibits mucus formation so possible ulcer! Often put on prophylactic proton pump inhibitors Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist (-lukast) Decreases inflammatory response Used for asthma and allergy in adults and CHILDREN OVER 5 Blocks SRSA Increased risk for infection increased liver enzymes headache, dizziness, nausea, myalgia, diarrhea, abd. pain Warfarin (anticoagulant) Ca+ channel blockers (BP meds) propanalol (Beta blocker!) Theophylline (Xanthene!) cyclosporine (Immune suppressant) Asprin (Salicylate) Mast Cell Stablizer Used for asthma and allergy Prevents release of inflammatory and broncho-constricting substances Can be used prophylactically swollen eyes, nausea, dry mouth, tachycardia, headache Anticholinergics Block vagal nerve mediated response causes bronchodilation Causes anticholinergic SE (so like sympathomimetic effects) 3.5-5 35-45 1.Thiazide and thiazide-like 2. loop diuretics 3.Osmotic diuretics 4.Potassium-sparing diuretics 5.carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Thiazide diuretic (all end in (-thiazide) Inhibits reabsorption of Na+ and CL- at distal tubule. Leads to increased secretion of Na and Cl and H2O Used for hypertension nocturia muscle cramps/spasms possible electrolyte imbalance-esp. hypokalemia! orthostatic hypotension dry mouth Loop Diuretic Inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl from Loop of Henle and distal tubule Leads to Na excretion and H2O excretion Sensitivity to sulfa drugs may have rx with lasix Possible HYPERglycemia Orthostatic hypotension rash glycosuria Osmotic diuretic Elevates osmolarity of glomerular filtrate, leads to loss of H2O, Na and Cl thirst fluid and electrolyte imbalance, HYPOtension, risk for tachycardia, arrythmias

Spironolactone (Aldactone) AE of potassium sparing diuretics Acetazolamide (Diamox) AE of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors SE of all diuretics Oxybutynin (Ditropan) AE of urinary tract antispasmodics Doxazosin (Cardura)

AE of Doxazosin Dopamine

Contraindications for dopamine What to monitor when giving dopamine AE of dopamine Phentolalamine SE of phentolalamine Propalanlol (Inderol) SE of Nonselective beta blockers Drug -drug interactions of Propanalol Contraindications for nonselective beta blockers Beta-1 SElective Blockers Contraindiactions for Beta-1 selective blockers Dr-dr interactions with beta1 blockers

Potassium-Sparing Diuretic blocks effects of aldosterone in renal tubule, causes loss of Na and retention of K+ HYPERkalemia, irregular menses, gynocomastia, hirsutism & deepening of voice (in women), menstrual disturabances Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors used for mt. sickness and glaucoma Not used often cause of SE Bone marrow suppression, renal calculi, weakness, fatigue, rash, urinary frequency Urinary frequency, possible fluid and electrolyte imbalance Urinary tract antispasmodic: used for severe UTI with spasms Similar to anticholinergic-drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision Treatment for BPH (alpha 1 selective adrenergic blocking agent-also used for hypertension) Causes dilation of arterioles, decreased sympathetic effects on bladder SIGNIFICANT orthostatic HYPOtension! CHF, edema, arrythmia Do not give with other vasodilators! Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonist Also norepinephrine Used for SHOCK, bronchospasm, severe acute asthma titrated to cardiac output Caution: do not allow extravasation pheochromocytoma, PVD, hypovolemia, tachyrythmias, OTC cold and allergy meds Renal, liver, serum electrolytes, I&O, VS, ECG, light exposure (optical prep) void prior to admin to avoid urinary retention CNS effects: dizziness, confusion, headac Bradycardia, arrythmia, severe orthostatic hypotension Bronchospasm, respiratory distress Non-specific alpha adrenergic blocker Use to minimize tissue damage from extravasation prolonged and acute hypotensive episodes tachycardia arrythmias Beta-Adrenergic Blocker Used for HYPERtension, angina, migraines (anxiety in public speaking) bradycardia, arrythmia, bronchospasm Insulin/antidiabetic meds Clonadine NSAIDs Do not give to diabetics, people baseline bradycardia (athletes), COPD, asthma (causes bronchospasm) Metapropalol, Atenalol Used for HYPERtension, angina, glaucoma COPD, thyroid disease, sinus bradycardia, CHF, hypotension NSAIDs injectible lidocaine

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