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Joseph L. Johnson
Aqualon Company
112.1 History
The coating of solid pharmaceutical dosage forms began in the ninth century B.C., with the Egyptians. At that time the primary solid dosage form was the pill, a hand-shaped spherical mass containing drug, sugar, and other diluents. A variety of materials were used to coat pills, such as talc, gelatin, and sugar. Gold and silver were also used. Many of these coatings proved to be impervious to chemical attack in the digestive tract; as a result, the pill never released its active ingredient and was thus ineffective. The candy-making industry was the rst to develop and enhance the art of coating. It is most likely that the pharmaceutical industry adopted sugar coating technology for its own use. The rst sugar-coated pills produced in the United States came out of Philadelphia in 1856. Coatings resistant to enteric or gastric uids were developed in the 1880s. In 1953 the rst compression-coated tablet was introduced, and in 1954 the rst lm-coated tablet was marketed.
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2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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air throughput, are used almost exclusively. With greater air throughput, water evaporates more quickly, thus speeding the process. Using automated techniques, tablets can be sugar coated in about 16 hours.
Bibliography
Florence, A. T., Ed., Critical Reports on Applied Chemistry, Vol. 6, Materials Used in Pharmaceutical Formulation. London: Blackwell Scientic Publications, 1984. Lachman, L., H. A. Leiberman, and J. L. Kanig, Eds., The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1st ed., 1970; 2nd ed., 1976; 3rd ed., 1986. Osol, Arthur, Ed., Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences. Easton, PA: Mack Publishing Company, 14th ed., 1970; 15th ed., 1975; 16th ed., 1980; 17th ed., 1985.