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List of Contributors............................................................................................xvii
1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Structure and Fundamental Problems of Electrical Power
Systems ...................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Power Flow Control, Distributed Generation and Energy Storage
Benefits to Grids ........................................................................................ 4
1.3 Smart Electrical Energy Networks Concept .............................................. 8
References........................................................................................................... 9
2 Principles of Electrical Power Control.......................................................... 13
2.1 Power Theory........................................................................................... 13
2.1.1 Critical Review of Classical Power Theory.................................. 13
2.1.2 Instantaneous Power Theory ........................................................ 27
2.2 General Problems and Solutions of Control in Smart Power
Systems .................................................................................................... 31
2.2.1 Control in Smart Power Systems.................................................. 31
2.2.2 Damping of the System Oscillations ............................................ 33
2.2.3 Power Quality Control.................................................................. 37
References......................................................................................................... 46
3 Overview of Power Electronics Converters and Controls........................... 55
3.1 Power Electronics Background................................................................ 55
3.1.1 Historical Perspective ................................................................... 57
3.1.2 Generic Power Electronics Arrangements.................................... 59
3.1.3 Switching and Continuous Models of Converters ........................ 62
3.2 High Technology of Converters............................................................... 66
3.2.1 State-of-the-Art of Power Semiconductors Switches ................... 67
3.2.2 Soft-switching vs Hard-switching Techniques ............................. 69
3.2.3 Construction Arrangement and Cooling Systems......................... 73
3.3 Multi-level Converters............................................................................. 77
3.3.1 Multi-level Converter Concepts ................................................... 77
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6.7
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