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IS 4873-1 (2008): Methods of laboratory testing of wood preservatives against fungi and borers (powder post beetles) : Part 1 Determination of threshold values of wood preservatives against fungi [CED 9: Timber and Timber Stores]

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Indian Standard
METHODS OF LABORATORY TESTING OF WOOD PRESERVATIVES AGAINST FUNGI AND BORERS (POWDER POST BEETLES)
PART 1 DETERMINATION OF THRESHOLD VALUES OF WOOD PRESERVATIVES AGAINST FUNGI

( Second Revision)

ICS 71.100.50

c
BUREAU OF

SIS 2008

INDIAN

STANDARDS

MANAK SHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002

Jun e 2008

Price Group 3

Timber and Timber Stores Sectional Committee, CED 9

FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part I) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Timber and Timber Stores Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. The standard was first published in 1968 and covered the methods for the laboratory testing of wood preservatives against fungi. Details of preservatives , methods of preservative treatment of timber, etc, have been covered in IS 401 : 2001 'Preservation of timber - Code of practice (fourth revision)'. Based on the experience gained in the use of the standard, the first revision of the standard was brought out in 1993, additionally incorporating Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. ex. Fries) Murr. as a test fungi for preparation of test culture. In its present revision, the standard has been brought out in two parts in view of requests for incorporation of method of laboratory testing of wood preservatives against borers (powder post beetles). The other part of the standard is: IS 4873 (Part 2) : 2008 Part 2 Determination of threshold values of wood preservatives against borers (powder post beetles)

The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex A. For the purpose of dec iding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised) ' . The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard .

IS 4873 (Part 1) : 2008

Indian Standard
METHODS OF LABORATORY TESTING OF WOOD PRESERVATIVES AGAINST FUNGI AND BORERS (POWDER POST BEETLES)
PART 1 DETERMINATION OF THRESHOLD VALUES OF WOOD PRESERVATIVES AGAINST FUNGI

( Second Revision)
1 SCOPE This standard (Part I) lays down the method for the laboratory det erminatio of threshold value of wood preservatives against fungi by means of soil block and Kolle flask methods. 2 SOIL BLOCK METHOD 2.1 Principle Blocks of wood are impregnated with d ifferent concentration of preservatives, and after selected period of weathering, they are exposed to the action of one or more wood destro ying fungi. The minimum amount of preservative that completely protects the impregnated blocks against decay by a given test fungus is defined as the threshold retention for that organism. The failure to protect against decay is determined by the amount of weight loss in the treated wood block . 2.2 Preparation of Test Sample 2.2.1 The test blocks as well as the feeder blocks shall be made from all sapwood portion of chir (Pinus roxburghii) and mango (Mangifera indica) , free from knots , mould and stain . The test blocks shall be made of sizes 19 mm x 19 mm x 19 mm with a 3.2 mm central hole on the tangential face and the feeder blocks 4 mm x 19 mm x 35 mm along the length of the grain. 2.2.2 The blocks shall then be dried in an oven at I OOee to I05 ee to a constant mass (WJ Twelve blocks shall be treated with each concentration of the preservative . Leaching shall start 3 days after treatment of the blocks with oil-type preservatives and 14 days after treatment with water-borne type preservatives. Out of the 12 treated blocks, 6 blocks shall be exposed for 14 days at 50e e except for 2 h period on each of the first nine days, when they shall be leached at room temperature. Six leached and six unleached test blocks shall be condit ioned at 30 e e and 70 4 percent relative humidity. 2.3 Leaching Procedure The blocks shall be kept in beakers and weighed down with glass weights . Distilled water about 9 times the volume of the blocks shall be poured into the beakers. The blocks shall be removed from the beakers after a period of2 h. 2.4 Treatment Procedure The blocks, kept in a beaker under a weight to prevent floating, shall be placed in a' desiccator connected to a manometer and a suction pump . A partial vacuum (60 mm mercury) shall be created in the desiccator for 30 min . The treating solution prepared just prior to its use shall be poured into the globe of the separating funnel with its stem extending into the beaker containing the blocks. The preservative solution shall then be run into the beaker completely covering the blocks . The vacuum shall then be released. The beaker will be taken out and covered with a lid to prevent the evaporation of the preservative solution. The blocks shall be allowed to remain for 30 min and then taken out and weighed (W 2 ) immediately after wiping the excess of preservative. The mass of the treating solution absorbed (G) shall be (W2 - WJ 2.5 Calculation of Retention Value The amount of preservative solution absorbed by block (retention value in g/cm') shall be calculated as follows: Retention (R)
=

Ge
100 V

g/cm ' (this may be converted to the units of kg/rn')

where G = mass of the treat ing solution absorbed by block (W2 - WI)' in g; C = mass of the preservative present in 100 g of the treating solution, in g; and
V= volume of the test block, in em' .

IS 4873 (Part 1) : 2008 The treated blocks shall then be conditioned at 30 and 70 4 percent relative humidity to a constant mass, WJ 2.6 Preparation of Soil Culture Bottles Sifted (sieved) air dried garden soil amounting to 125 g with pH between 5.0 and 7.0 shall be filled (compacted by tapping) in (237 ml) aluminium screwing capped bottles. Distilled water is added to this so as to obtain 130 percent of water holding capacity of soil in test bottles. Two feeder blocks are then kept on the surface of the soil, of the size mentioned above. Sterilize the prepared bottles with caps loosened at 0.1 Nzmm' for 60 min on two consecutive days. 2.7 Preparation of Test Culture After the sterilized culture bottles are thoroughly cooled, cut the fungus inoculum (see 2.7.1) approximately 10 mm? from a not more than 3-week old culture and place on the edge of the feeder blocks. Incubate the inoculated bottles with slightly loosened lids at 27e loe and 70 4 percent relative humidity for approximately 3 weeks. The bottles are then ready to receive the test blocks. 2.7.1 The test fungi which are resistant to ant iseptics, grow quickly and rapidly cause a loss in weight of test timber, shall be chosen. The test fungi given in 2.7.1.1 and 2.i .~ .2 generally satisfy these factors .
0e

blocks with cross-section face down on feeder blocks in previously prepared test bottles. 2.9 Incubation and Duration of Test The bottles containing the test blocks shall be placed in an incubator at 25 l oe and relative humidity 70 4 percent and kept there for a period of 12 weeks. At the end of the incubation period the blocks shall be removed from the culture bottles, cleaned of the adhering mycelium, taking care not to remove the splinters of the wood , and weigh them immediately if the moisture in the blocks is to be determined. The blocks shall be dried in the warm air of the laboratory and then conditioned (30C and relative humidity 70 4 percent) to a constant weight (W4 ) . 2.10 Calculation of Mass Loss Percentage mass loss will be calculated from the conditioned mas s of the blocks before and after testing. Mass loss. percent where
x

100

WJ
W4

='

conditioned mass of the block before test, and conditioned mass of the block after test.

='

2.7.1.1 For conifers

a) Lentinus lepideus Fr. particularly tolerant to creosote or mixture containing creosotes; and b) Poria moniticola Murr. particularly tolerant to copper and zinc compounds.

2.11 Threshold Retention

2.7.1.2 For non-conifers

a) Coriolus versicolor (L. ex Fr.) or Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.ex Murr.), and b) Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. ex Fries) Murr.
NOT E - Some strains of this fungus are resistant to high concentration ofarsenic.

The purpose of the test is to determine the minimum amount of preservative that is effective in preventing decay, under the condition of test, by a particular fungus . The amount of preservative 10 terms of kg/m' of wood is referred to as 'threshold retention' . The 'threshold value' is determined by estimating the point at which percentage weight loss not exceeding 5 percent, caused by decay occurs.
3 ALTERNATIVE METHOD AGAR-BLOCK (KOLLE-FLASK) METHOD

3.1 Preparation of Test Blocks 2.7 .2 The tolerant fungus shall always be included in testing any preservative. Other important wood rotting fungi may be substituted for the nontolerant organisms in special investigations. 2.8 Infection of Test Blocks Before putting the test blocks in the culture bottles, place them by retention groups into tightly fitting containers and steam at loo oe for 20 min at atmospheric pressure. After cooling, place the test The test blocks shall be made from all sapwood portion of chir (Pinus roxburghii'i and mango (Mangifera indica), free from knots and moulds . The test blocks shall be made of the size 50 mm x 25 mm x 15 mm along the length of the grain. 3.2 Conditioning of Test Blocks The procedure shalI be the same as given in 2.2.2.

IS 4873 (Part I) : 2008 3.3 Treatment Procedure The procedure shall be the same as given in 2.3 and 2.4. 3.4 Test Fungi The test fungi shall be the same as given in 2.7.1. 3.5 Medium for Growing Culture A nutrient medium consisting of20 g of agar and 20 g of malt extract in a litre of distilled water shall be prepared. Pour about 60 ml of this into each flask (Kolle-flask), then plug with cotton wool and sterilize by autoclaving at 0.\ Nzmrn' (120C) for a period of 20 min. After sterilization, the flask shall be laid flat so that the medium is retained by the ridge in the neck of the flask. The medium is inoculated with test fungus within 6 days after preparation of the flask. Sterile water should be poured over the cotton wool pad in the neck of the flask in order to maintain the ideal conditions for fungal growth in the flask. 3.6 Infection of Test Blocks The blocks shall be exposed to fungal attack by placing them aseptically in the flask in which there are actively growing cultures of the test fungi. The blocks should be placed on rings or frames made ofthin glass rod, so that the blocks come in contact with the aerial mycelium of the fungus and not the medium itself into which some of the preservative might otherwise leach out. Not more than two blocks shall be placed in each flask. Sterile water should be added aseptically in the neck of the flask to maintain the ideal condition for test. 3.7 Incubation and Duration of Test The procedure shall be the same as given in 2.9. 3.8 Calculation of Mass Loss The procedure shall be the same as given in 2.10 . 3.9 Threshold Retention The procedure shall be the same as given in 2.11.

ANNEX A
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION Timber and Timber Stores Sectional Committee, CED 9

Organization

Representativets)
SHRJ SIIYAM SUNDER (ChairmJlll)

In personal capacity (2989 /D, 12th Main HAL /I Stage,

Bangalore 560008)

AndamanChamber of Commerce & Industries, Kolkata Bambooand Cane TechnologyCentre, Guwahati BambooSociety oflndia, Bangalore Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee DirectorateGeneral of Civil Aviation , New Delhi DirectorateGeneralof Supplies & Disposals,New Delhi Directorateof Standardization,New Delhi Engineer-in-Chief's Branch. Army Headquarters. New Delhi Federationoflndian Plywood & Panel Industry , New Delhi ForestDepartment,Raipur ForestDepartment,Bhopal ForestResearchInstitute. Dehra Dun IndianAcademyof Wood Science, Bangalore IndianCouncil of ForestryResearch and Education, Dehra Dun Indian PlywoodIndustriesResearch & Training Institute,Bangalore

SHRJ HARISH KHArrAN PROJECT COORDINATOR SHRJ A.

DR K.

C. uKsHMANA A. KUSHAUJ'PA (Alterna/e)

DIRECTOR DIRECTOR GENElW. D!REcroR GENEJW. DIRECTOR

SHIU C. R. SAHA

SHRI N. B. SHEU.R (Altemate)

SHIU SAlIAN BHAJANKA SECRETARY [Alternate)
PRINCIPAL CHIEF CONSERVA"lOROF PRINcIPAL CIIIEF DRS.

FORESTS

CoNsBtvATOR Of FORESTS
(Altemate)

S. NEG!

DR VIMAL K01lllVAL

PREsmerr
DIRECTORGENEJW. DIRECTOR

SHRI S. PADMANAIlHAN (Alternate)

IS 4873 (Part 1) : 2008

Organ ization

Repres entative ts)

DlRE CfOR

Institute of WoodScience & Technology, Bangalore Kerala Forest ResearchInstitute, Peechi KuttyFlush Doors & Furnitures Co Pvt Ltd, Chennai Ministryof Defence, Gwalior Ministryof Environment& Forest, New Delhi Rubber Board, Konayarn KarnatakaState ForestIndustriesCorporation Ltd, Bangalore

DR R. V. RA O (Alternate)
DlRE CfOR DR GNAN AHARAN

(Alternate)

SHRJ K . S ANKARA KJuSIINAN COL

Y. G. KRISHNAN (Alterna te)

DlRE CfOR

SHRI H. C. PAr-.,- (Alt ernate)

DEPlIlY INSPECfOR GENERAL Of DrRECfOR
SHRJ V. P. HlREMATIi

FoREST

SHRI S. SHrVA PRAKAsH (Alternate)

SECRETARY
CHIEF ExEClJ11VE OmCER

Timber Development Association of India, DehraDun

\"lM CO Limited,Mumbai In personal capacity (606 B, I Block. III Stag e, UVCE Layout,
JVOC Road. Basaveshwaranagar; Bangalore 5600 79,
Karnataka )

SHRJ K. DAMODARAN

BIS DirectorateGeneral

SHRI A. K. SAmI, Scientist ' F' & Head (CEO) [RepresentingDirector General (Ex-officio)]
Member Secretary SHRI J. Roy CHOWDHURY

Scientist 'E' (CEO), BIS

Timber Terminology, Conversion, Seasoning, Preservation, Grading and Testing Subcommittee, CED 9 : 1
Organization Representattvets)
DR

Institute of WoodScience & Technology , Bangalore AndamanTimberIndustries, Kolkata ASCU Hickson Limited, Kolkata BoraxMorarji, Coil Building MaterialsTechnologyPromotionCouncil, New Delhi Central Building ResearchInstitute, Roorkee Central Mining ResearchStation (CSIR), Dhanbad Controllerateof QualityAssurance, Kanpur DirectorateGeneral of Civil Aviation, New Delhi DirectorateGeneralof Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi Directorateof Standardization,New Delhi Federationoflndian Plywood& Panel Industry, New Delhi ForestDepartment,Bangalore ForestDepartment,Gandhinagar ForestDepartment,Dehra Dun ForestDepartmen t, GovernmentofChhattisgarh, Raipur Forest Research Institute(Forest ProductsDivision), Dehra Dun ForestResearchInstitute(PathologyDivision), DebraDun

RV

RAO

(Con ven er)

SHRI HARISH KHMrAN

SHRI Rxnv AGARWAL SHRI J. BASu (Alternate)

SHRI H. 1. KAPADIA
SHRI S. RANGARAJAN (Alternate)
REPRESENTAllVE

DIRECfOR SHRI B.S. RAWAT (Alternate)

DIRECfOR DIRECfOR

OIRECfOR GENERAL OIREcroR GENERAL

DIRECfOR

SHRI JAYDEEP CHIll.ANGIA SECRETARY(Alternate)

PRINCIPAL CIUEF CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS PRl!'iCIPAL CIIlEF CONSERVATOR OF FoRESTS PRINCIPAL CHIEF CoNSERVATOR OF FORESTS PRINCIPAL CHIEF CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS

SHRI V.K. JAm

SHIU VIMAL KOrnrYAL (Alternate)
DR A.

N. SHUKLA DRN . K. S. HARSH (Alternate)

IS 4873 (Part 1) : 2008

Organization

Representativets)

ForestResearchInstitute (Systemaic BotanyBranch), DehraDun ForestResearchInstitute(WoodAnatomy), DehraDun ForestResearchInstitute(WoodSeasoning),DehraDun ForestResearchInstitute(WoodPreservation) , DehraDun Gurdit Institute Pvt Limited, Dharwar HimachalPradeshState ForestCorporation, Shimla IndianCouncilof ForestryResearchand Education, Dehra Dun Indian Instituteof Technology, New Delhi IndianPlywoodIndustriesResearch & Training Institute , Bangalore IndianPlywoodIndustries.Research & TrainingInstitute, Bangalore IndianPlywoodIndustriesResearch& TrainingInstitute, Bangalore IndianRubber WoodTask Force,Kottayam Instituteof WoodScience & Technology (WoodProperties& Uses Division), Bangalore KarnatakaState ForestIndustriesCorporation, Bangalore KeralaForestResearchInstitute, Peechi Kutty FlushDoors & FurnituresCo Pvt Ltd, Chennai Madhya PradeshRajya VanVikasNigam Ltd, Bhopal Ministryof Environment & Forests,New Delhi Ministryof Railways(Representedby ROSa), New Delhi National TestHouse, Kolkata Officeof Development Commissioner(Handicrafts), NewDelhi RegionalResearchLaboratory, Jorhat Rubber ResearchInstituteofIndia, Kottayarn SivakasiChamberofMatch Industries,Sivakasi SouthernVeneers& WoodWorksLtd,Tillicherry U.P. ForestCorporation, Lucknow In personalcapacity (Clo American Connexion, 214, Phase II Vasant Vihar; Dehra Dun 248006, Uttaranchaly

DR S. A. S. BISWAS DRSMER CHAND (Alternate) DR (MRS) S.4NGrrA GUPTA DR P.K. P.4NDEV (Alternate) SHRI NIRMAL UPIUTI DR KISIlAN KUMAR (Alternate) DR SADHANA TRlPAl1ll SIIRI AzMAL SAMANI (Alternate) SHRI Y ASH KAJ..-'oN SINGH M.4NAGING D!REcroR ExEcunvE DnlEcroR (Alternate) SHRI B. K. BHATIA SHRI S. K. KOHLI (Alternate} SHRI G. S. BENIPAL
SHRI K. SHYAMA SUNDER

SIIRI S. Z. M. KAMAL (Alternate) SHRJ K. C. MAlllEWS SIIRI M. VENUGOPAL NAIDU (Alternate ) SHRI S. PADM.4NABHAN SHRJ S. Z. M. KAMAL (Alternate) SHRJ C. BHASKAR NAYAR SIIRI V. J. MA1lIEW (Alternate)
REPRESeIT!JlVE

SHRI V. P.HIREMAllf SHRI S. SHIVA PRAKASH (Alternate)

DIRECTOR
REPRESeITATIVE (Alternate)

SHRI K. S.4NKARA KRIsHNA COL Y. G. KRISHNAN (Alternate) SHRJ A. K. DUBEY

DR BIPIN BEHARJ DIRECTOR GENERAl. DIRECTOR (PHYSICAL) 0EPurY DIRECJOR

DIRECJOR

DIRECIUR
REPRESeITAllVE

SHRJ P. K . Hxarss

SEl'IlOR MANAGEIl DRSAnsH KUMAR

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