MAKERERE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, DESIGN, ART AND TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

BSC (CIVIL ENG.) FIRST YEAR SEMESTER I 2012/13 CIV1202: FLUID MECHANICS ASSIGNMENT-I Question 1 (a) Water is flowing over a sharp-crested rectangular weir of width 50cm into a tank with crosssectional area 0.6 m2. After a period of 30s the depth of water in the tank is 1.4m. Assuming a discharge coefficient of 0.9, determine the height of the water above the weir. (b) If the rectangular weir is replaced by a 90o notch weir with the same head and a discharge coefficient of 0.8, calculate the depth increase of the water in the tank after 30s. Question 2 A 600mm diameter pipeline carries water under a head of 30m with a velocity of 3m/s. This water main is fitted with a horizontal bend which turns the axis of the pipeline through 75o (i.e. the internal angle at the bend is 105o). Calculate the resultant force on the bend and its angle to the horizontal. Question 3 A Venturimeter of throat diameter 0.076m is fitted in a 0.152m diameter vertical pipe in which liquid of relative density 0.8 flows downwards. Pressure gauges are fitted to the inlet and to the throat sections. The throat being 0.914m below the inlet. Taking the coefficient of the meter as 0.97, find the discharge; a) When the pressure gauges read the same b) When the inlet gauge reads 15,170 N/m2 higher than the throat gauge. Question 4 The figure below shows a smooth curved vane attached to a rigid foundation. The jet of water, rectangular in section, 75mm wide and 25mm thick, strike the vane with a velocity of 25m/s. Calculate the vertical and horizontal components of the force exerted on the vane and indicate in which direction these components act.

Due date: 30th April 2013

Question 5 A 45o reducing bend, 0.6m diameter upstream, 0.3m diameter downstream, has water flowing through it at the rate of 0.45m3/s under a pressure of 1.45 bar. Neglecting any loss in head for friction; calculate the force exerted by the water on the bend, and its direction of application. Question 6 A hydraulic jack is shown below. The area at A is 0.5 m2. The area at B is 2 m2. A 400 kg car sits on a platform at B. What force is required at A to lift the car?

Question 7 A faucet on the 4th floor of a building is at a height of 12 meters, and fed by a pipe with a radius of 1 cm. Water enters the building at ground level through a pipe with has a radius of 4 cm. The pressure in the lower pipe is 230,000 Pa. (a) If the faucet is closed, what is the pressure at the faucet? (b) Once the faucet is opened, water begins to flow at a rate of 2 m/s at the faucet. i. What is the speed of the water in the lower pipe? ii. What is the pressure in the lower pipe? Question 8 A cylindrical tank containing water of density 1000kg/m3 is filled to a height of 0.70m and placed on a stand as shown in the cross-section above. A hole of radius 0.0010m in the bottom of the tank is opened. Water then flows through the hole and through an opening in the stand and is collected in a tray 0.30m below the hole. At the same time, water is added to the tank at an appropriate rate so that the water level in the tank remains constant. (a) Calculate the speed at which the water flows out from the hole (b) Calculate the volume rate at which water flows from the hole (c) Calculate the volume of water collected in the tray in t = 2.0minutes (d) Calculate the time it takes for a given droplet of water to fall 0.25m from the hole.

Due date: 30th April 2013

Question 9 A large tank, 25m in height and open at the top, is completely filled with saltwater (density 1025 kg/m3). A small drain plug with a cross-sectional area of 4.0 x 10-5 m2 is located 5.0m from the bottom of the tank. The plug breaks loose from the tank, and water flows from the drain. (a) Calculate the force exerted by the water on the plug before the plug breaks free (b) Calculate the speed of the water as it leaves the hole in the side of the tank (c) Calculate the volume flow rate of the water from the hole

Question 10
The Hoover Dam has a depth of 221 meters. A cross section of the dam is shown below

Dam Water

Due date: 30th April 2013

a) b) c) d) e)

Why does the dam get wider as you go down? If the dam is filled to the top with water, what is the pressure at the bottom of the dam? What is the average pressure over the whole face of the dam? If the surface area of the dam is 60,000 m2, what is the force on the dam? An engineer claims that if the water behind the dam were only 1 m wide, the dam could be made thinner. A second engineer says that this is not true; the dam would still have to be as thick. Which is right? Explain. Engineer 1 Engineer 2

W a t e r

W a t e r

Question 11 (a) Derive the following expression for the actual discharge of a venturimeter.

(b)

A venturimeter has an area ratio of 9 to 1, the larger diameter being 30cm. During the flow, the recorded pressure head in the larger section is 6.5m and that at the throat 4.25m.If the meter coefficient C is 0.99, compute the discharge through the meter.

Question 12 Water is supplied from a tank into a canal through a rectangular sluice 1m wide and 1.75m high. The water level in the tank is 2m above the top edge of the opening and the canal water level is 30cm below the top edge. If the coefficient of discharge is 0.62 for the both free and the submerged portions, calculate the discharge.

Due date: 30th April 2013

Question 13 In the figure below, the tank contains water and immiscible oil at 20oC. What is h in cm if the density of the oil is 898 kg/m3?

Question 14 Gate AB is 1.2 m long and 0.8 m into the paper (see figure below). Neglecting atmospheric pressure effects, compute the force F on the gate and its center of pressure position X from point A

Question 15 The tank shown below is 2 m wide into the paper. Neglecting atmospheric pressure, find the resultant hydrostatic force on panel BC.

Due date: 30th April 2013

Question 16 A constant pressure of 250 kPa, is available to push ethanol ( = 790 kg/m3, = 1.5 x 10-6 m2/s) through a pipe made of commercial steel (= 0.045 mm). The pipe has a length L = 25 m, and is inclined upwards at a 10 angle. The required minimum flowrate is 800 LPM. If pipes are available in 1-cm increments, what size pipe diameter should be used?

Due date: 30th April 2013