LEED Green Building Rating System Reference Package Study Guide This study guide is a summarization of the information

in the LEED Green Building Rating System Reference Package. It includes information ertaining to all credits and their intents! en"ironmental and economical concerns and ad"antages! re#uirements! calculations! technologies and strategies! and res onsi$le integrated design team mem$ers. The study guide should $e re"ie%ed in con&unction %ith the LEED Green Building Rating System document! Reference Package! LEED Letter Tem lates! and the 'anadian Green Building 'ouncil %e$site (htt )**%%%.cag$c.org+. This guide does not include e,act formulas and e,am les of credit calculations! %e$sites for reference! s ecific information on reference standards (i.e. -S.R-E+! definitions! or case studies. This information can $e found in the Reference Package. This study guide is meant as a study tool used to re are for the LEED -ccredited Professional E,am (htt )**%%%.cag$c.org for more information+. In re aration for the e,am! make sure to study %hich referenced standards (-S.R-E! the State of 'alifornia South 'oast -ir /uality 0anagement District (S'-/0D+ rules! Green Seal1s Standards! 2orest Ste%ardshi 'ouncil (2S'+! etc.+ a ly to %hich credits. Study the differences in ercentages! re#uirements! and strategies $et%een similar credits (i.e. Building Reuse "s. Resource Reuse+. -lso! re"ie% the LEED rocess including the a lication and re"ie% rocess! 'redit Inter retation Re#uests ('IRs+! LEED letter tem lates! and the roles of different integrated design team mem$ers.

LEED Green Building Rating System Reference ackage Introduction (11-3 ! 4Green $uilding design stri"es to $alance en"ironmental res onsi$ility! resource efficiency! occu ant comfort and %ell$eing! community de"elo ment and the economics of $uilding construction and o eration5 The LEED standard ensures that the $uilding has met a rigorous and carefully defined le"el of en"ironmental erformance (tailored for 'anadian climates! construction ractices! and regulations+. - LEED green $uilding) 6makes use of an integrated design rocess (including mem$ers of design! construction! and maintenance teams+ 6minimizes the en"ironmental stress on the site 6has a thermally efficient en"elo e that reduces energy use 6makes o timal use of the $uilding1s form! orientation! materials and mass 6has smaller and more efficient .7-' and lighting systems 6uses %ater efficiently 6has ada ta$le and sustaina$le interiors 6uses interior finishes and installation ractices %ith lo%er to,ic emissions 6makes use of landsca ing that minimizes %ater and chemicals use! storm%ater runoff and restores ground%ater su lies 6su orts efficient tra"el o tions for users These ractices result in lo%er o erating costs! more ada ta$ility and increased occu ant comfort. The LEED rating system is used to assess the erformance of commercial and institutional $uildings. It can also $e a lied to retail! mid and high6rise residential $uildings! and u$lic assem$ly $uildings (in the future there %ill $e ada tation guides for more s ecific $uilding ty es+. LEED a lies to $uildings regulated $y 0odel 8ational Energy 'ode for Buildings (08E'B+ and 8atural Resources 'anada1s 'ommercial Buildings Incenti"es Program ('BIP+! $uildings greater than 9 storeys! $uildings 9 storeys or less %ith $uildings areas greater than :;; s# m! $uildings 9 storeys or less that contain occu ancies other than d%elling units! and multi6unit residential $uildings that conform to the a$o"e and ha"e a common entrance. -dditions count as a stand alone ro&ect. LEED does not a ly to $uildings under art < of the =B' (single family homes or to%nhouses+. To%nhouses that are art of mi,ed use ro&ects %ill $e considered> ho%e"er! it is e,cluded from 'BIP incenti"es. The LEED rating system ertains to : categories) Sustaina$le Sites ?ater Efficiency Energy and -tmos here 0aterials and Resources Indoor En"ironmental /uality Inno"ation and Design Process The rating system is com rised of rere#uisites (the minimum erformance in a category! these do not contri$ute to the final oint score+ and credits ( oints re%arded $y @

meeting intent of the credit and documenting e#ui"alent or $etter erformance+. The num$er of oints achie"ed $y the ro&ect determines its final rating) 'ertified (@:69@ oints+ Sil"er (9969A oints+ Gold (9<6B3 oints+ Platinum (B@C oints out of D; ossi$le oints+ ?hen the Reference guide does not sufficiently address a s ecific issue or an alternati"e strategy for achie"ing a credit is ro osed! a credit inter retation can $e re#uested. Pre"iously logged 'IRs can $e "ie%ed at %%%.cag$c.org. 'IRs are to $e included in the initial certification su$mittal. The Process) 3. Register the ro&ect %ith 'aGB' early in de"elo ment rocess. =nce registered! access to im ortant information! soft%are tools (LEED letter tem late E tracking and documentation tool that ro"ides feed$ack and summarizes rogress+! communications! and credit inter retation re#uests is granted. @. -s the rocess unfolds! collect and re are all necessary documentation (do not include any e,tra documentation+. 9. Su$mit the a lication %ith re#uired documentation and o"erall ro&ect narrati"e (summarizes features and generates interest+. F. The a lication is re"ie%ed $y the LEED Program manager for suita$ility and com leteness. B. - re"ie% team erforms a draft reliminary re"ie% to determine if the intent and re#uirements are met (may re#uest more information or deny your su$mittal! %ill select : rere#uisites and credits for audit+. :. - #uality assurance check of the draft reliminary re"ie% is erformed. D. The reliminary LEED re"ie% is for%arded to the a licant! %ho re lies %ith the su lemental documentation and audited rere#uisites and credits. A. The su lemental documentation is re"ie%ed and the Draft 2inal LEED Re"ie% is de"elo ed (the su lemental documentation is either achie"ed or denied+. <. - #uality assurance check of the draft final re"ie% is erformed. 3;. If any audited credits %ere denied the ro&ect has failed the audit and a second audit is erformed (this continues until the ro&ect com letes an audit or all rere#uisites and credits ha"e $een audited+. 33. - final LEED re"ie% is for%arded to the ro&ect a licant. The a licant can a eal denied rere#uisites and credits $y ro"iding additional documentary e"idence. 3@. The official rating is a%arded. 4LEED standards %ill continue to e"ol"e as green design and construction matures until there is a mainstream ractice that creates truly sustaina$le shelter5 For details about application, the process, schedule, fees and other information: www.cagbc.org

Sustaina"le Sites #$er$ie% (33-3&! Building and construction can $e destructi"e to local ecology! encroach on roducti"e farmland and o en s ace! and encourage runoff (%hich diminishes local %ater #uality! recreation o ortunities! and a#uatic life+. Sustaina$le sites aim to reduce the im acts on re"iously unde"elo ed land and*or im ro"e re"iously contaminated sites. Pro er site selection includes choosing an a ro riate location (to reduce s ra%l and automo$ile use+ or using a $ro%nfield (taking ad"antage of e,isting infrastructure and ser"ices+. Before selecting a site! the site geology! hydrology! "egetation! %ildlife! and site history should $e e"aluated. -fter construction! the $uilding should $e $eneficial to its ne% en"ironment $y reducing the heat island effect and light ollution. Issues that are im ortant to de"elo ing sustaina$le sites $ut are not included in LEED standards include stream6side rotection! ro,imity to amenities and ser"ices (%ithin %alking distance+! and im act on ad&acent ro erties $eyond the s ecific site (increased %ind! decreased sunlight to surrounding $uildings and u$lic s aces! sno%drifts+.

Sustaina"le Sites Prere'uisite 1 (3(-)1! Erosion * Sedimentation +ontrol Design a sediment and erosion control lan (may also co"er storm%ater management+ that re"ents the erosion and sedimentation of the site during construction and occu ation. - "ariance for this rere#uisite can $e o$tained %here measures to a"oid erosion are not re#uired (due to soil make6u ! to ogra hy etc.+. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: The clearing! earth mo"ing! destruction of "egetation! and reconfiguration of grading of the site during construction can lead to significant erosion and sedimentation ro$lems if ade#uate en"ironmental rotection strategies are not em loyed. Storm%ater and high %inds %ill erode any un rotected and uncontained soil from the site degrading the ro erty! causing sedimentation of storm se%ers and recei"ing streams! olluting the air %ith dust! disru ting stream ha$itats! and contaminating %aters. Erosion control can also reduce storm%ater management measures. The use of s ecial lantings to retain soil can reduce %ater and maintenance of landsca ing. The geotechnical re ort re#uired to document soil conditions can also $e used for foundation design. Requirements: To achie"e this Prere#uisite) Identify the soil com osition on the ro&ect site Gnco"er otential site ro$lems De"elo mitigation strategies The documentation should include a statement of the o$&ecti"es! a com arison of the storm%ater runoff re and ost de"elo ment! a descri tion of tem orary and ermanent erosion control measures! and a descri tion of the re#uired maintenance of the em loyed erosion control methods. echnologies and !trategies: 'onstruction dra%ings and s ecifications should outline the methods for rotecting erosion6 rone areas and sta$ilizing susce ti$le areas during construction. Sta$ilization measures include seeding and mulching e, osed soil. Structural control measures include earth dikes that di"ert storm%ater into sediment tra s or $asins that allo% for the settling of sediment! and silt fences that filter sediment from storm%ater. eam member: Soil Engineer! Landsca e -rchitect! 'ontractor

Sustaina"le Sites +redit 1 () -),! Site Selection -"oid de"elo ing on ina ro riate sites (agricultural or forest land reser"es! ecologically sensiti"e lands! endangered ha$itats! near flood lains or %etlands! and u$lic arks+ and reduce the en"ironmental im act of the location of the $uilding and a"ing on site. This credit does not allo% mitigation as a su$stitute for a"oiding de"elo ment (of $uildings or %aste%ater treatment systems+ on ina ro riate sites. -lthough not considered for this credit! stream6side rotection should also $e considered during site selection. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Ina ro riate site selection results in ha$itat encroachment and the destruction of ecosystems. -"oiding de"elo ment near flood lains eliminates the need for le"ees! %hich cause floods to $e con"eyed do%nstream! increase the "elocity of ri"ers! and eliminate %etlands. Building on re"iously de"elo ed sites reduces the im act on the immediate en"ironment! reser"es unde"elo ed land! and reduces arking needs and tra"el times. -"oiding ina ro riate sites can increase u$lic su ort! lessen the mitigation costs of de"elo ing in a sensiti"e area! lessen the costs of ro erty damage caused $y natural disasters! and e"ade loss of ro erty due to endangered s ecies litigation. Requirements: Documentation should include a LEED letter tem late declaring that the ro&ect is not de"elo ed on an ina ro riate site $ased on the restricted criteria. echnologies and !trategies: ?hen selecting the site) -"oid all sites listed in the restricted criteria Set a reference for re"iously de"elo ed sites that com lement the use 'onsult rele"ant Pro"incial 0inistries to o$tain information related to ecologically sensiti"e areas %ithin the ro osed ro&ect "icinity In"entory all im ortant en"ironmental characteristics on the site sur"ey Increase the density and decrease the foot rint of the ro osed $uilding Incor orate e,isting natural features in the design eam members: Landsca e -rchitects! Ecologists! En"ironmental Engineers

Sustaina"le Sites +redit ()--&)! De$elo.ment Density De"elo ment should $e channelled to ur$an areas %ith a current density of 39A;;mH er hectare (@ storey do%nto%n de"elo ments+ and e,isting infrastructure in order to rotect greenfields and reser"e ha$itat and natural resources. 'redit e#ui"alence can $e achie"ed in) -n area %here the target density %ill $e achie"ed $y ro&ect com letion - dense ur$an core %ith a lo% density residential district in the "icinity - master lan infill* re"iously de"elo ed*contaminated site ro&ect Environmental Concerns/Advantages: De"elo ment se arated from the ur$an core and other de"elo ments has a lo%er initial cost> ho%e"er! they create a de endence on automo$iles for commuting (%hich contri$utes to air and %ater ollution+! destroy agricultural land! and neglect ur$an sites that may fall into disuse and decay. De"elo ment of greenfield sites re#uires ne% infrastructure! %hich has a great im act on the local en"ironment. Gr$an rede"elo ment cur$s su$ur$an s ra%l! makes use of e,isting infrastructure and u$lic transit! and re#uires less arking ca acity. There are munici al incenti"es to hel deal %ith site constraints! contaminated soils and other issues related to ur$an de"elo ment. Requirements: Documentation should include the density for the ro&ect and surrounding area and an area lan. The ro&ect density is calculated $y di"iding the area of the $uilding $y the area of the ro&ect site (%hich must also $e greater than 39A;;mH*ha+. The site area is used to determine the density radius (the amount of surrounding area included in the a"erage density calculation+. -dd the areas of all $uildings %ithin the density radius and di"ide $y the area to determine the de"elo ment density. Park s ace is e,cluded from de"elo ment density calculation. Documentation must ro"e that) The ro&ect is located in a central $usiness district*dense ur$an gro%th area %ith e,isting de"elo ment and infrastructure The ro&ect is resulting in increased de"elo ment density that meets the goals of the ur$an de"elo ment lan echnologies and !trategies: ?hen selecting the site) Gi"e reference to sites in an e,isting ur$an fa$ric 0eet or e,ceed density goals of local ur$an de"elo ment lan 'hose sites $ased on e,isting infrastructure! trans ortation! and #uality6of6 life

Sustaina"le Sites +redit 3 (&&-(1! Rede$elo.ment of +ontaminated Sites De"elo damaged sites that are com licated $y real or ercei"ed en"ironmental contamination and ro"ide remediation as re#uired. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Rede"elo ment and remediation of locations a$andoned due to ercei"ed contamination from re"ious uses remo"es hazardous materials from soil and ground%ater. This reduces the e, osure of humans and %ildlife to health risks resulting from en"ironmental ollution! reser"es greenfield sites! and makes use of e,isting infrastructure. 'ontaminated sites may $e situated in attracti"e locations and cost less than uncontaminated real estate. Reha$ilitating old sites can re"italize old neigh$ourhoods and act as an incenti"e for other $uildings in the area. The ro erty "alue should $e %eighed against the cost of cleanu to see if rede"elo ment is an economically "ia$le o tion. Requirements: Documentation should ro"e the contamination of the site (that su$stances a$o"e normally occurring le"els are resent and are likely to ose a hazard to humans and*or the en"ironment+. - risk assessment %ill determine the ty e and le"el of contamination resent and %ill assign a ermanent classification to the site. The documentation should descri$e the damage to the site and the remediation erformed to clean u and*or sta$ilize the contaminants. echnologies and !trategies: -fter the risk assessment is com lete! the o%ner1s and future occu ants1 erce tion of the $uilding should $e e"aluated to see %hether or not reha$ilitation is a realistic o tion. De"elo a master lan for site remediation. Se"eral remediation strategies should $e in"estigated in order to identify the most $eneficial and least e, ensi"e. The contaminants can either $e sta$ilized and isolated from human e, osure or remediated. =nly esta$lished remediation technologies that im ose minimal site disru tion and do not ha"e any ad"erse en"ironmental im lications should $e used. -fter reha$ilitation! continue to monitor the site for the identified contaminants. Remediation technologies include) Pum 6and6treat (chemicals treated %ith a hysical or chemical rocess+ Bioreactors on site 'ontaminant dis osal Solar*$iological deto,ification (ne% technologies intended to lo%er the cost of remediation in the future+ eam members: Remediation e, erts! 'ontractor

Sustaina"le Sites +redit ) (( -,,! /lternati$e 0rans.ortation )11 Pu"lic 0rans.ortation /ccess Locate the $uilding close to fre#uent (e"ery @;69; min in ur$an s aces and 9;6FB min in su$ur$s+ u$lic trans ortation including $uses (%ithin F;;m of @ different $us lines not including school $uses+! commuter rail! light rail! and su$%ay stations (%ithin A;;m+ to reduce ollution and land de"elo ment im acts from automo$ile use. Park and ride locations for $uses are not the same as commuter rail stations as $uses consume D;I more energy* assenger than commuter rails. 'redit e#ui"alence can $e achie"ed $y esta$lishing a ermanent ri"ate shuttle ser"ice to connect the $uildings to u$lic trans ortation (including a descri tion of the schedule! fre#uency! ca acity of the shuttle! %hich must ro"ide commuter as %ell as eriodical ser"ice+ )1 Bicycle Storage * +2anging Rooms 2or commercial or institutional $uildings! ro"ide secure $icycle storage (can $e unco"ered+ %ith con"enient sho%er facilities for BI of regular $uilding occu ants (full time staff or e#ui"alents+ to reduce ollution and land de"elo ment im acts from automo$ile use. 2or residential $uildings! ro"ide co"ered $icycle storage for 3BI of $uilding occu ants. This could $e accom lished $y ro"iding co"ered outdoor $ike storage or $y hanging fi,tures in each a artment. )13 /lternati$e 3uel 4e2icles Pro"ide either) .igh efficiency hy$rid or alternati"e fuel "ehicles for 9I of occu ants and referred arking for these "ehicles or! -lternati"e6fuel refuelling stations (electric! ro ane! hydrogen fuel cells+ %ithin B;;m of the site for 9I of the "ehicle arking ca acity of the site to reduce ollution caused $y automo$ile use. ?here electrical refuelling stations are $eing ro"ided! there must $e electric "ehicle station hard%are manufactured for this ur ose> electrical outlets do not constitute "ehicle charging stations. -t the stations! educational materials must $e ro"ided that refer occu ants to resources for research and urchase. The use of auto coo erati"es (Ji cars+ %ill $e recognized %here there is a contract for @ years that ser"es 9I of occu ants. )1) Parking +a.acity Pro"ide designated arking for car ools! "an ools or car co6o s (under @ year contract+ e#ual to 3;I of non6"isitor arking s aces and either) Size arking ca acity to meet (not e,ceed+ zoning re#uirements or! -dd no ne% arking for reha$ilitation ro&ects (unless there is a change in use+. Bus and shuttle $us s aces do not count as car ool or automo$ile arking. The ro&ect should demonstrate the ste s it is taking to encourage car ooling! such as signage and education efforts.

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Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Reducing ri"ate automo$ile use sa"es energy and reduces automo$ile associated en"ironmental ro$lems. -utomo$ile infrastructure (roads and arking+ dissects o en e, anses relied on $y %ildlife for migration and foraging! contri$utes to erosion and storm%ater runoff resulting in the ollution of recei"ing %aters! and contri$utes to the ur$an heat island effect. - reduction in automo$ile infrastructure %ould allo% for more u$lic green s ace and natural areas or ermit greater de"elo ment density. -utomo$ile e,haust releases air and %ater ollutants %hich contri$ute to acid rain and are harmful to humans. There are also many negati"e en"ironmental im acts associated %ith the e,tracting! refining! and trans ortation of crude oil for gasoline roduction. -lternati"e methods of trans ortation %ill $e ado ted if they are con"enient and facilities are ro"ided to encourage their use. .o%e"er! alternati"e fuel "ehicles still cause ollution at the tail i e or o%er lant and are not en"ironmentally $enign. Pro"iding smaller arking areas %ill result in lo%er initial costs and lo%er storm%ater charges (%here a lica$le+. Pro,imity to transit is $eneficial to the "alue and marketa$ility of the $uilding (although the land may $e more e, ensi"e+. Requirements: Documentation should include letter tem lates and site dra%ings highlighting the location and #uantity of facilities. The 2ull Time E#ui"alent (2TE Ecalculation for the num$er of full6time occu ants during the most occu ied shift $ased on total %orker hours di"ided $y A+ is used to determine the num$er of $ike storage s aces re#uired (BI 2TE+ and sho%er stalls (3 stall for e"ery A storage s aces+. Bike storage must $e free of charge and can include racks! lockers and*or storage rooms. Sho%ers can $e either unit or grou facilities. -lternati"e fuelling stations should ser"ice 9I of the total arking s aces. 'ar ool s aces should $e ro"ided for 3;I of the 2TE di"ided $y @ occu ants er "ehicle. echnologies and !trategies: Encourage the use of u$lic transit $y ta ing into e,isting transit lines! landsca ing transit sto s and stations! ro"iding transit asses for occu ants! and allo%ing for telecommuting and %orking from home. Encourage $iking $y ro"iding ade#uate storage! locating the sho%ering facilities near$y! and ro"iding landsca ing. Encourage car ooling*sharing of facilities $y ro"iding referred arking areas and eliminating su$sidies for non6car ool "ehicles. Encourage the use of alternati"e fuel "ehicles %ith @F;7 rece tacles for electric "ehicles and refuelling stations for natural gas "ehicles com lete %ith com ressors and dis ensers. -lso! in"estigate the ossi$ility of sharing facilities %ith near$y $uildings and $et%een occu ants.

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Sustaina"le Sites +redit & (,---(! Reduced Site Distur"ance &11 Protect or Restore #.en S.ace 'onser"e e,isting natural areas and restore damaged areas to ro"ide ha$itat and romote $iodi"ersity. Either) Limit site distur$ance (earth%ork! clearing of "egetation+ to 3@m $eyond the $uilding erimeter! 3.Bm $eyond site infrastructure! and D.Bm $eyond im ermea$le surfaces or! Restore a minimum of B;I of the site area (e,cluding $uilding foot rint+ $y re lacing im er"ious surfaces %ith nati"e or ada ti"e "egetation on re"iously de"elo ed sites -da ti"e s ecies are those %hich do not re#uire irrigation or fertilizers to flourish. 0onocultures of a single s ecies (i.e. turf grass+ do not meet the intent of the credit as they do not romote $iodi"ersity. E,isting turf grass areas! agricultural areas (%hich ha"e not re"erted $ack to a sta$le natural ecosystem+! or high maintenance ornamental landsca ing (that does not meet the intent of $eing nati"e or ada ti"e+ can $e considered re"iously de"elo ed and re laced %ith a more di"erse ha$itat area. The $uilding foot rint does not include shade structures or cano ies> ho%e"er! it does include $uilding o"erhangs (recessing the first floor %alls does not reduce the site area im acted $y the $uilding+. If the $uilding is art of a master lan! restore a minimum of B;I of the total site area (e,cluding $uilding foot rints+ and include the hases and timeline of the lan %ith the documentation. &1 De$elo.ment 3oot.rint Reduce the de"elo ment foot rint ($uilding foot rint! access roads! and arking+ to e,ceed the local zoning1s s ace re#uirement for the site $y @BI. ?here there is no zoning re#uirement (i.e. uni"ersity cam uses+! designate o en s ace area ad&acent to the $uilding! e#ual to the $uilding foot rint. =n cam uses! $uildings can also $e clustered together %ith the o en s ace ad&acent to the cluster (this creates a more contiguous ha$itat! %hich is su erior to small isolated natural s aces+. Set aside a minimum of @BI of the site as o en s ace %here there is a ; lot line $uilda$le area. If the ro&ect is art of a master lan! designate a minimum of B;I of the total site area (e,cluding $uilding foot rints+ as o en s ace. = en s ace refers to the ro erty area minus the de"elo ment foot rint. It must $e "egetated and er"ious! thus ro"iding ha$itat and other ecological ser"ices. -rtificial turf on to of a arking structure is not considered o en s ace for this credit.

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Environmental Concerns/Advantages: De"elo ment of greenfields distur$s and destroys %ildlife and lant ha$itats and %ildlife corridors that allo% for migration. This ushes the animals from their original ha$itats until they $ecome cro%ded and o"er o ulated. They may in"ade de"elo ments in search of a ne% ha$itat or erish. 0inimizing site distur$ance reduces ha$itat destruction and the threats im osed on indi"idual s ecies and $iodi"ersity. Strict $oundaries are re#uired to limit de"elo ment and the e,tent of construction acti"ities. The reser"ation of to soil! lants! and trees can reduce landsca ing and maintenance costs and increase ro erty "alue. Trees and lants can either $e reser"ed in their original locations or sa"ed to $e re lanted after construction. Reducing the $uilding foot rint %ill force the design to $e more com act. - more com act $uilding is more efficient and has reduced material! energy! o eration! and maintenance costs. Reduced earth%ork! shorter utility lines! and reduced a"ing area %ill also result in lo%er initial costs. Requirements: Documentation should demonstrate the construction $oundaries or ercentages of o en s ace %ith references to local zoning re#uirements. echnologies and !trategies: Design a master lan for ro&ect area $ased on a sur"ey of the e,isting ecosystems! soil conditions! %ater elements! %ildlife corridors! "egetation! and all otential natural hazards. Pro ose strategies to mitigate the negati"e im acts of the ro&ect on natural and $uilt systems. 'hoose a de"elo ment foot rint and location that %ill minimize distur$ance (in consideration %ith other sustaina$le $uilding issues related to site selection+. Tighten the rogram re#uirements and stack the floor lans to create a smaller foot rint. During construction esta$lish clearly marked $oundaries and note site rotection re#uirements in construction documents) Delineate lay do%n! recycling! and dis osal areas Gse a"ed areas for staging acti"ities Erect construction fencing around the dri line of e,isting trees to rotect from damage and soil com action Esta$lish enalties for any destruction outside of the $oundaries 'oordinate construction traffic to minimize disru tion of the site ?ork %ith e,isting to ogra hy and restore the nati"e landsca e of the site to re6esta$lish rede"elo ment conditions. eam members: Landsca e -rchitect! Ecologist

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Sustaina"le Sites +redit ( (-,-55! Storm%ater 6anagement (11 Rate and 7uantity Storm%ater runoff must $e managed in order to limit the disru tion and ollution of natural %ater flo%s. If e,isting im er"iousness is less than or e#ual to B;I! make sure that the ost6de"elo ment discharge rate does not e,ceed re6de"elo ment. If e,isting im er"iousness is greater than B;I! im lement a storm%ater management lan that results in a @BI decrease in the rate and #uantity of storm%ater runoff (%hich is directly related to the area of im er"ious surfaces+. Infiltration $asins should infiltrate all entering %ater %ithin D@ hours. - common storm%ater treatment system that is integral to se"eral ro&ects can $e counted for this credit for each $uilding. Storm%ater cisterns may $e used to achie"e this credit as long as they meet the re#uired ercentages of rate and #uantity of runoff. (1 0reatment Limit the disru tion of natural %ater flo%s $y eliminating storm%ater runoff! increasing on6site infiltration! and eliminating contaminants. 'onstruct a storm%ater treatment system that remo"es A;I of ost6de"elo ment total sus ended solids (TSS+ and F;I of the ost6de"elo ment total hos horous (TP+ $y im lementing Best 0anagement Practices. Performance of de"ices such as 4stormce tors5 must $e documented. The ercentages are fle,i$le de ending on %hich contaminant is a greater local ro$lem. 'ontaminants can also $e remo"ed $efore they enter the %ater (safe lans for cleaning agents and fertilizers must $e included in the documentation+. - ro&ect can also achie"e this credit $y demonstrating that 3;;I of the first @Bmm of rainfall is fully infiltrated or collected in cisterns.

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Environmental Concerns/Advantages: The "olume of storm%ater generated from a site de ends on the im er"ious surface area. In an ur$an de"elo ment there are less er"ious surfaces and more storm%ater that must $e trans orted %ith ur$an infrastructure (significant amount of maintenance! great im act on ecological de"elo ment foot rint+ to recei"ing %aters. Storm%ater runoff contains oil! fuel! lu$ricants! com$ustion $y6 roducts! materials from tire %ear! de6icing salts! sediment! fertilizers! etc. that ha"e negati"e effects on %ater #uality. Reducing the generation of storm%ater %ould encourage the natural a#uifer recharge cycle of e"a oration and infiltration! re#uire less munici al infrastructure! and ha"e less im act on recei"ing %aters! na"igation! and recreation. If drainage systems are designed at the onset of site lanning! they can $e easily and economically integrated. The rice of collection and infiltration e#ui ment is offset $y allo%ing the use of much smaller storm%ater se%er systems. 'ertain storm%ater management features ($io6s%ales! infiltration onds! constructed %etlands+ can increase amenity "alue of ad&acent ro erties. Requirements: Documentation should demonstrate the le"el of im er"iousness and rate and #uantity of runoff re and ost de"elo ment. It should descri$e the treatment ractices im lemented and ro"e that the minimum treatment has $een e,ceeded. The im er"ious area of each surface material is calculated $y multi lying its area $y its runoff coefficient. These areas are added u to determine total im er"ious area. Di"ide the im er"ious area $y the site area to get the site im er"iousness. 8o calculations are re#uired to determine the treatment ercentages %hen using the B0Ps for 'redit :.@. echnologies and !trategies: Reduce the im er"ious area $y designing a smaller foot rint (clustering $uildings and roads+ and utilizing green roofs! er"ious a"ing! and underground arking 'a ture storm%ater from im er"ious areas to reuse %ithin the $uilding (se%age con"eyance! fire su ression! industrial a lications+ Remo"e contaminants and ollutant load %ith $iologically $ased and inno"ati"e storm%ater management features) 'onstructed %etlands 6 mimic natural %etland treatment ro erties 7egetated filter stri s and grassed s%ales 6 filter sediment and ollutants 2iltration $asin 6 remo"es sediment and ollutants Detention onds 6 ca ture runoff and allo% ollutants to dro out $efore release to %ater $ody 'ontrol the release of runoff to local %ater $odies Infiltration $asins and trenches 6 tem orary surface storage Porous a"ing 6 allo%s runoff to infiltrate (often need "acuuming to unclog+ Bios%ales 6 re#uire less maintenance than i es and constructed infrastructure 0ake sure not to distur$ e,isting %etlands and $uffers %hen constructing storm%ater management features. eam members: Storm%ater 0anagement E, ert! Landsca e -rchitect

3F

Sustaina"le Sites +redit , (188-11 ! 9eat Island Effect ,11 :on-Roof Pro"ide shade! use reflecti"e materials! and*or o en grid a"ement on at least 9;I of the non6roof im er"ious surfaces ( arking! %alk%ays! lazas+ to reduce the ur$an heat island effect. =ther%ise! ro"ide B;I underground or co"ered arking! or use an o en grid a"ing system for B;I of the arking lot area! or use a com$ination of methods. Less reflecti"e materials can $e used o"er a greater area! as long as the a"erage still e,ceeds the re#uirement. ,1 Roof Gse Energy Star com liant high emissi"ity roofing (emissi"ity of at least ;.<+ for at least DBI of the roof surface to reduce the a$sor tion of solar energy and heat and reduce air6conditioning re#uirements. =r! install a green roof for at least B;I of the roof area (includes $alconies $ut not skylights! ara ets or e#ui ment+. - com$ination of the t%o methods that results in at least DBI co"erage can also $e used. 7egetated lanters and shade ro"ided $y lanted trees may also $e used in the calculation of green roofing ercentage. This credit ro"ides the most $enefit %here cooling energy costs e,ceed heating costs.

3B

Environmental Concerns/Advantages: -s the $uilding en"ironment e, ands and re laces natural settings it loses its ecological ser"ices (i.e. the shade and cooling ro"ided $y "egetation+. Dark! non6 reflecti"e arking! roofing! and landsca ing contri$ute to the ur$an heat island $y a$sor$ing sunlight and radiating heat. This increases am$ient tem eratures $y a$out B.BKc com ared to unde"elo ed areas resulting in an increase in .7-' re#uirements! cooling loads! energy re#uirements! and infrastructure. The increased tem erature also creates a local microclimate! %hich is detrimental to site ha$itat! %ildlife and migration corridors as some animal o ulations are "ery sensiti"e to tem erature change. Shading and reflecti"e materials can reduce the ur$an heat island effect. The addition of trees and shading de"ices may add e,tra initial cost! $ut the ay$ack incurred from lo%er cooling cost and .7-' re#uirements is su$stantial. These techni#ues may not result in any energy $enefits for cold climates. Requirements: Documentation should include letter tem lates and a site lan demonstrating areas of a"ing! landsca ing and $uilding foot rint and ercentages of roof co"erage. The reflectance and emittance of all materials should $e included. 9;I of the non6roof im er"ious re#uirements must come from shade. 4Parking lot area5 only refers to s aces e, osed to direct sunlight. ?hen calculating the effecti"e roof co"erage of reflecti"e*lo% emissi"e roofing used in con&unction %ith green roofing! green roof area accounts for 3.B time the reflecti"e roof area (3.B , green roof area C reflecti"e roof area L DBI roof area+. echnologies and !trategies: Shade constructed surfaces %ith landsca ing and minimize de"elo ment foot rint. Re lace constructed surfaces %ith "egetated! ermea$le! or high6al$edo (reflectance+ materials to reduce heat a$sor tion. "on#roof technologies: Pa"ing materials E generally lo% reflectance o"er lifetime (%hite6cement concrete1s reflectance is lo%er after %eathering+ 'oatings and integral colorants E im ro"e reflectance = en grid a"ing E uses e"a oration to decrease am$ient tem eratures 7egetation and architectural shades E $lock direct sunlight radiance (deciduous trees! shru$s! non6in"asi"e "ines allo% for heat gain in the %inter+ Roof technologies: -s halt shingle roofing E effecti"e in stee slo e a lications 'oatings E reflecti"e! rotect materials from G7 damage! should $e cleaned Garden roofs E cool $y ca turing and e"a orating %ater! may re#uire maintenance! e,tend the lifetime of the mem$rane 0em$rane roof E cooling mem$ranes can $e made of) EPD0! 'SPE! P7'! TP= 0etal roofing E highly reflecti"e $are or coated eam members: Roofing S ecialists! Landsca e -rchitect

3:

Sustaina"le Sites +redit - (113-1 )! Lig2t Pollution Reduction Lighting should $e carefully designed to im ro"e #uality and uniformity of lighting %hile eliminating light tres ass! im ro"ing night sky access! and reducing the im act of sky glo% on nocturnal en"ironments. Lighting design should a$ide $y the IES8- re#uirements for lighting uniformity! shielding! interior lighting! and lighting tres ass. Pro erly designed lighting %ill diminish glare! im ro"e safety! $e uno$trusi"e to neigh$ours! and minimize the #uantity of 4%asted light5. .o%e"er! e"en %ith the $est design and technology! some light %ill $e reflected into the atmos here. This credit does allo% some u lighting (for lighting flags! etc.+ as long as all credit re#uirements are met. If trees are $eing u lit! the le"el of luminance should $e studied %ith and %ithout lea"es and attention should $e aid to ho% the the tree1s dormancy cycles are affected. ?here an a%ning is u lit! it must catch all of the light. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Light ollution is caused $y stray light that illuminates articles in the atmos here limiting access to the night sky! com romising astronomical research! affecting nocturnal en"ironments! and needlessly consuming energy. ?hen ro erly designed and maintained lighting can ro"ide safety and con"enience! e,tend night time access! and add to the sense of lace as %ell as address en"ironmental issues. 'areful design can reduce the infrastructure! energy use! and maintenance associated %ith lighting. Requirements: Documentation should include the lighting zone designation (determines the recommended ma,imum illuminance le"els+> a site lan sho%ing the luminaire schedule and shielding> a com uter model sho%ing lighting le"els! uniformities! and loss factors> light tres ass calculations> and diagrams indicating the e,tent of interior lighting. echnologies and !trategies: Em loy a lighting rofessional to assess the ro&ect1s lighting needs! recommend lighting o tions for sustaina$le design! determine the lighting zone! identify ossi$le light tres ass areas! and create a com uter model to simulate lighting erformance. Gse minimum lighting e#ui ment and limit the use of nonessential (landsca e! signage! and architectural+ lighting. Eliminate all unshielded fi,tures and ro"ide full cut6offs for lights o"er 9B;; lumens and semi cut6offs for 3;;; lumens (may re#uire e"en more shading de ending on the situation+. 'ontrol lighting %ith motion sensors! hotocells! ste ed dimming! automatic s%itching! and time clocks and turn off lighting after hours. Limit e,terior u lighting (a$o"e <; degrees+ and contain light %ithin the desired area. Ensure that lighting does not e,tend $eyond the ro erty. Gse lo%6reflectance ground co"ers and surfaces to reduce glare. 'ommission lighting once it is installed (confirming that lighting %as installed as s ecified+ and maintain on a regular $asis. eam members: Lighting designer! Electrical Engineer

3D

;ater Efficiency #$er$ie% (1 &! @BI of the Earth1s fresh%ater is in 'anada %ith 3@@ $illion Litres e,tracted each day to su ort residential! commercial! industrial! agricultural and recreation acti"ities. The rate of %ater %ithdra%al increased <;I $et%een 3<D@ and 3<<:. 'anadians consume 9F;L er day %hich is t%ice the daily consum tion of Euro eans. =nly 9I of all ota$le %ater distri$uted is for human consum tion. Reducing %ater usage and using non6 ota$le %ater for landsca e irrigation! toilet flushing! and custodial ur oses %ill reduce the munici al infrastructure re#uired for the su ly of ota$le %ater and the remo"al of sanitary %aste. 0ost conser"ation strategies either re#uire no additional cost and*or roduce ra id ay$acks. ?ater use can easily $e reduced $y 9;I. F million Litres of %ater a year can $e sa"ed &ust $y installing lo%6flo% fi,tures! sensors! and automatic controls in a commercial $uilding! resulting in thousands of dollars in sa"ings er year. These sa"ings are incurred $y a decrease in maintenance! ca acity! lifecycle costs! munici al su ly! and treatment. Rain%ater collection and use and 4grey6%ater5 treatment and reuse are not %ell defined $y 'anada1s $uilding and health codes. The a ro riate authorities should $e consulted early in the design rocess.

3A

;ater Efficiency +redit 1 (1 (-13,! ;ater Efficient Landsca.ing 111 Reduce "y &8< Limit the use of ota$le %ater for landsca e irrigation (to B;I con"entional means+ $y using high6efficiency irrigation technology! ca tured rain %ater! or recycled site %ater. The systems (com osed of technical e#ui ment! drought tolerant or nati"e lants! ca tured rain systems! and*or recycled %ater systems+ must ha"e a ca acity that su lies enough irrigation %ater for the demand of the month of Muly. Tem orary irrigation may $e su lied for the first @ years %hile lants are $eing esta$lished. 4Tem orary5 o 6u irrigation cannot $e used as it re#uires a lot of i ing and %ould $e too easy to use on a regular $asis after the @ years. The B;I reduction goal cannot $e achie"ed $y limiting the #uantity of area irrigated ($y con"entional means+. This credit does allo% for the installation of an e,ternal hose used for cleaning and $uilding maintenance. 11 :o Pota"le ;ater =se or :o Irrigation Eliminate the use of ota$le %ater for landsca e irrigation $y using only ca tured rain or recycled %ater or $y not installing ermanent landsca e irrigation systems. Tem orary irrigation may $e su lied for the first @ years %hile lants are $eing esta$lished. If irrigation is still necessary after @ years! use either high6efficiency irrigation technology or non6 ota$le %ater. ?ater coming directly from recei"ing %aters or from industrial %ater cannot $e used (e"en though it not suita$le for drinking+ as it has the otential to $e ota$le %ater. .ar"ested rain%ater (cisterns or collection onds+! recycled grey %ater (la"atory and*or sho%er %ater+! and recycled %ater (cooling to%er discharge+ can $e used. ?ater recycled from a fountain or %ater feature on site cannot $e used as it does not reduce the demand for irrigation %ater.

3<

Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Landsca e irrigation consumes large #uantities of ota$le %ater (u to 3BI of total %ater consum tion+> although non6 ota$le %ater is e#ually effecti"e. 8ati"e landsca es (Nerisca es or 4dry landsca ing5+ ha"e lo%er irrigation re#uirements! re#uire fe%er fertilizers and esticides (%hich im act %ater #uality+! attract nati"e %ildlife! and create a $uilding site that is integrated %ith its natural surroundings. Gsing less ota$le %ater %ill sa"e on utility costs! %hich are e, ected to escalate due to o"er6consum tion. -lthough micro6irrigation systems ha"e a greater design cost than con"entional systems! the ay$ack is significant due to lo%er %ater use and maintenance costs. Landsca ing costs are reduced $y retaining e,isting lants and gro%ing indigenous s ecies that re#uire less maintenance and %atering. Requirements: The documentation should com are the irrigation "olume of ota$le %ater for the designed system "s. a $ase6line con"entional system. To calculate the amount of total ota$le %ater a lied to a gi"en landsca ing area calculate the $andscape Coefficient for each landsca ing area (the amount of %ater lost from e"a otrans iration 6 de ends on s ecies! num$er of lants and leaf area! and en"ironmental conditions+. 'alculate the Evapotranspiration Rate of the s ecific landsca e (landsca e coefficient multi lied $y amount of %ater needed to gro% lants in the s ecific region+. 'alculate the otal %otable &ater a lied to the gi"en area for Muly (the landsca ed area multi lied $y the e"a otrans iration rate! di"ided $y the irrigation efficiency of the irrigation systems. Su$tract the "olume of non6 ota$le %ater that %ill $e used for irrigation+. Less ota$le %ater %ill $e used if there is a smaller landsca ed area! a lo%er e"a otrans iration rate! and higher efficiency irrigation systems used. Re eat the calculations for a $ase6line case using con"entional lant s ecies and irrigation systems. echnologies and !trategies: Perform a soil and climate analysis to determine most ada ta$le and suita$le lants that %ill not re#uire ermanent irrigation. Detail a seasonal maintenance schedule to o timize landsca e health (including integrated est management! mulching! alternati"e mo%ing! and com osting+. De"elo a %ater use $ase6line %ith %hich to com are the efficiency of the design. Plan the irrigation systems to include) Roof6%ater or ground%ater collection systems E use metal! clay! and concrete roofing materials as as halt and lead containing materials contaminate %ater and use filter systems to ensure %ater #uality Grey %ater recycling E %ater from $uilding systems that don1t in"ol"e human %aste*food rocessing! check to see if $ack6flo% re"ention de"ices re#uired 0unici ally recycled %ater su ly systems .igh6efficiency irrigation systems 6 deli"er <BI of the %ater su lied (con"entional systems 6 :;I+! includes micro6irrigation! moisture sensors! clock timers! and %eather data$ase controllers eam members: Landsca e 'onsultants

@;

;ater Efficiency +redit (13--1),! Inno$ati$e ;aste%ater 0ec2nologies Reduce the use of munici ally ro"ided ota$le %ater for $uilding se%age con"eyance and*or treat site %aste%ater and increase the local a#uifer recharge. Reser"e ota$le %ater for s ecific a lications only. The o timization of rocess %ater (%ater from cooling to%ers! dish%ashers! and clothes %ashers+ is not co"ered $y this credit and could $e eligi$le for an Inno"ation in Design credit. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: 'on"entional %aste%ater systems re#uire significant "olumes of ota$le %ater to con"ey %aste to treatment facilities. The use of %aste%ater controlling technologies can reduce se%age "olume generation ($lack6%ater+ and result in considera$le sa"ings. Gsing recycled %ater from the site %ill reduce runoff and the re#uirement for utility ro"ided %ater. =n6site treatment technologies are more efficient and reduce %aste%ater infrastructure! energy consum tion! and chemical use. ?aste can $e con"erted for ota$le and non6 ota$le use and $e used to im ro"e soil conditions. ?aste%ater technologies add to initial cost and may re#uire a se arate tank! filters! dual lum$ing lines! and more maintenance. They are most cost6effecti"e %hen used %here there is no munici al %ater su ly (rural areas+! %ells are unrelia$le! %ater re#uires treatment! or to a"oid the a#uifer contamination ro$lems of current se tic system technology. ?etlands used to treat %aste%ater can add "alue to the site %hile ro"iding flood rotection and sta$ilizing the soil. Requirements: The documentation should use %aste%ater calculations ($ased on the annual generation of $lack6%ater "olumes from lum$ing fi,tures E de ends on fi,tures! fre#uency! occu ants! and %orkdays+ to com are the design case %ith a $aseline case. 2or the design case! su$tract the annual "olume of rain%ater (de ends on collection area! efficiency! and a"erage rainfall+ or grey6%ater collected from the %aste%ater "olume to determine the "olume of ota$le %ater used for se%age. The $aseline case uses con"entional fi,ture flo% rates and does not include %ater recycled from the site. echnologies and !trategies: De"elo a %aste%ater in"entory and determine the demand! a"aila$ility! and otential uses for recycled %ater. Plan to install dual lum$ing lines if it is likely that grey6%ater %ill $e used in the future. Grey6%ater systems re#uire an o"erflo% de"ice! ota$le %ater makeu (%hen %ater su ly is insufficient+! filters! and um s. Gse lo%6 flo%! automatically controlled! or dry lum$ing fi,tures (com osting toilets or %aterless urinals+. Determine the #uantity of %aste%ater and select a treatment strategy (constructed %etlands! sand filters! aero$ic $iological treatment reactors! modular %aste%ater treatment systems+ that %ill treat %ater to tertiary (highest treatment+ standards. Discuss the recycling and treatment systems %ith the health de artment to ensure adherence to codes! ermit la%s! and maintenance re#uirements. eam members: 0echanical and Electrical Engineers! 'ontractor

@3

;ater Efficiency +redit 3 (1)--1&-! ;ater =se Reduction 311 8< Reduction 31 38< Reduction Gse %ater reduction strategies that are more efficient than $aseline fi,tures and reduce the ota$le %ater consum tion $y @;I or 9;I to reduce the $urden on munici al (or %ell+ %ater su ly and %aste%ater systems. The ro&ect must make use of roacti"e %aste%ater technologies> %ater use cannot sim ly $e reduced. To achie"e this credit! on site ad&ustment strategies can $e used as long as they are ermanent (cannot $e tam ered %ith+! measured and "erified! and continue to ro"ide acce ta$le erformance. = timization of rocess %ater (%ater from cooling to%ers! dish%ashers! and clothes %ashers+ is not included in the calculations. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: There are many %ays to e,ceed current standards! achie"e greater %ater sa"ings! and reduce ota$le %ater use in $uilding lum$ing fi,tures. Toilet flushing uses the most %ater in residential and commercial $uildings. Reducing %ater use decreases the amount of %ater %ithdra%n from fresh %ater $odies! energy and chemicals used at munici al treatment facilities! infrastructure re#uired! and se%age generated. It rotects the natural %ater cycle and sa"es %ater resources for the future. ?ater6conser"ing fi,tures may ha"e a greater initial cost and re#uire more maintenance and e#ui ment> ho%e"er! they result in significant o erational sa"ings. They reduce o erating costs and sta$ilize munici al ta,es and %ater rates. Requirements: The documentation should use ota$le %ater use calculations ($ased on the annual ota$le %ater "olumes used $y lum$ing fi,tures E de ends on fi,tures! fre#uency and duration! occu ants! and %orkdays+ to com are the design case %ith a $aseline case. The design case uses all fi,tures actually installed (ne% and remaining+ and takes into account the annual "olume of rain%ater (de ends on collection area! efficiency! and a"erage rainfall+ or grey6%ater collected to determine the "olume of ota$le %ater used for se%age. The $aseline case uses fi,tures that meet the re#uirements of Ta$le 3 ( . 3FA+ and does not include recycled %ater. echnologies and !trategies: De"elo a %ater use in"entory of all fi,tures! e#ui ment! and seasonal conditions. Identify significant ota$le %ater demands and determine methods to minimize or eliminate them. S ecify %ater6conser"ing lum$ing fi,tures that e,ceed fi,ture re#uirements and consider control technologies) aerators (that do not alter the feel of the %ater flo%+! sensor faucets (reduce duration $y @;I+! ressure6assisted and dual flush toilets! %aterless urinals! and com osting toilets. Discuss the %ater reducing technologies %ith the health de artment to ensure adherence to codes. eam members: 0echanical Engineer

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Energy * /tmos.2ere #$er$ie% (1&5-1(3! Energy used for the heating! lighting! and cooling of $uildings accounts for a large ercentage (a ro,imately ABI+ of their en"ironmental im acts! %hich are caused on site and from rimary energy roduction. 8egati"e im acts from fossil fuel o%er generation occur during e,traction! trans ortation! refining! o%er generation! and distri$ution. 2ossil fuels release car$on dio,ide that contri$utes to glo$al climate change (coastal floods! se"ere droughts! heat %a"es! and disease migration+. 'oal6fired utilities emit nitrogen o,ide (smog+ and sul hur dio,ide (contri$utes to acid rain+. 'oal e,traction disru ts ha$itat! de"astates landsca e! causes acidic %ater runoff! roduces sludge (can affect community ota$le %ater su lies+! and emits fine articulate matter (cannot $e cleared from the lungs! causing cancer and res iratory illnesses+. 8atural gas is a ma&or source of nitrogen o,ides and greenhouse gasses. 8uclear o%er has an increased otential for catastro hic accidents and raises significant %aste trans ortation and dis osal issues. .ydroelectric o%er generation disru ts natural %ater flo%s! distur$s ha$itats! and de letes fish o ulations. Gse an integrated design rocess and erformance targets to de"elo green! energy efficient facilities. Energy efficient $uildings reduce the de letion of non6 rene%a$le energy resources! reduce the en"ironmental im acts associated %ith rimary energy roduction! encourage the use of rene%a$le energy sources %ith lo% en"ironmental im acts! and increase occu ant comfort. There are many economical and readily achie"a$le energy reducing ractices that roduce e,cellent return rates. Issues that affect the im acts on energy and atmos here $ut are not included in LEED 'anada68' include em$odied energy (energy re#uired to roduce $uilding materials and construction+! green house gas roduction! roduction of gases leading to acidification emissions (reducing energy on site may or may not indicate a direct reduction of gases+! and ada ta$ility to future changes in energy su ly.

@9

Energy * /tmos.2ere Prere'uisite 1 (1()-1,&! 3undamental Buildings Systems +ommissioning 7erify that all fundamental $uilding elements and systems are designed! installed and cali$rated to o erate as intended follo%ing fundamental $est ractice commissioning rocedures. Elements and systems include .7-'! ducts and i ing! $uilding en"elo e! energy sources! lighting! ota$le %ater use technologies! %ater recycling systems! %ater treatment systems! and all other ad"anced erformance technologies. 'ommissioning includes ractices from the traditional T-B (testing! ad&usting! and $alancing+ re ort. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: 'ommissioning maintains ro&ect focus on high erformance $uilding rinci les that ma,imize energy efficiency! air #uality! and occu ant comfort and minimize negati"e en"ironmental im acts associated %ith energy roduction and consum tion. It increases o erational cost sa"ings and occu ant roducti"ity. It decreases em loyee illness! tenant turno"er! lia$ility related to indoor air #uality! and remature e#ui ment re lacement. It im ro"es the ro&ect design and construction $y im ro"ing construction documents! ro"iding ongoing site re"ie%s! and minimizing contractor call6$acks. Requirements Documentation should include team mem$ers! design intent! $asis of design! commissioning lan! o eration and maintenance manuals! and commissioning re ort. echnologies and !trategies: -t ro&ect commencement! create a commissioning team (o%ner! occu ants! staff! design rofessionals! and contractors+ and designate a commissioning authority (someone from the o%ner1s staff %ho %ill re resent and re ort directly to him*her! a third arty! or someone not res onsi$le for design! management or construction+. -ssem$le the ro&ect intent including all of the measura$le! documenta$le! and "erifia$le o%ner1s o$&ecti"es. The design should demonstrate ho% each re#uirement is met throughout all design hases. The commissioning lan should co"er all $uilding systems (including tenant fit6 u and im ro"ements+! %ill e"ol"e %ith the rocess! and %ill $e included in construction and $id documents. 'om lete installation "erification! start6u and check out! sam ling ("erification that all tests ha"e $een successfully com leted on an ongoing $asis E to catch ro$lems $efore the com lete system checkout+! and functional testing (include test rocedures and results+ for all elements and systems. Systems should $e tested at all modes including start6u ! normal! shutdo%n! unoccu ied! manual! alarms! $acku ! and seasonal changeo"er. 7erify that training %as conducted to ensure o timal use! maintenance! and re lacement of elements o"er the ro&ect1s life. 'reate o eration and maintenance manuals for all e#ui ment at all modes. Present the o%ner %ith a commissioning re ort highlighting the systems1 le"el of com liance %ith original re#uirements and all outstanding commissioning issues. 'ommissioning concludes after one year of occu ancy %ith a %arranty re"ie% and lessons6learned meeting. eam members: 'ommissioning -gent! 'ontractor

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Energy * /tmos.2ere Prere'uisite (1,(-1-,! 6inimum Energy Performance Esta$lish the minimum le"el of energy efficiency for the $ase $uilding and systems according to either 08E'B or -S.RE-*IES8- <;.363<<< standards and rocedures. Both aths are similar and ha"e mandatory re#uirements and rescri ti"e and erformance a roaches. The efficiency re#uired and allo%ed a roach de ends on %hether the ro&ect is ne% or a ma&or reno"ation. 2or ro&ects %hich com$ine additions and reno"ations the re#uirements de end on an area6%eighted a"erage of energy sa"ing targets. .eritage $uildings may $e e,em t from en"elo e and lighting re#uirements. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: 2or the last B; years $uildings ha"e de ended on off6site generation! transmission and deli"ery of chea energy and ignored the associated energy inefficiencies and en"ironmental im acts (i.e. gases %hich cause glo$al %arming and smog+. Energy consum tion constitutes ABI of a $uilding1s en"ironmental unloading> therefore! the most im ortant ste to%ards creating a greener $uilding is reducing energy consum tion and shifting to less olluting! rene%a$le sources. LEED relies on site energy calculation as an inde, of the en"ironmental im acts of rimary or off6site energy. This is im recise and cannot account for all energy lost due to inefficiencies in rimary energy generation (%hich cannot $e measured due to regional ooling of energy+. To encourage energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions! the 'anadian go"ernment introduced 'BIP! %hich can offset the initial costs of green $uilding $y ro"iding u to O:;!;;; to commercial ro&ects that im ro"e efficiency $y @BI. = erating costs can also $e lo%ered $y reducing total energy consum tion! ha"ing smaller .7-' systems! and artici ating in utility re$ate rograms. Requirements: Documentation should include LEED letter tem lates and*or com uter simulation files. The 08E'B ath is $ased on reducing energy consum tion as com ared to a $aseline $uilding. -S.R-E is $ased on reducing energy costs (a @BI reduction in consum tion is e#ui"alent to an 3AI reduction in energy cost+. echnologies and !trategies: Incor orate more energy efficient measures in the design of $uilding en"elo e $y using com onents %ith higher G6"alues (accounts for insulation and thermal $ridging+ and %indo%s %ith lo%6e coatings! inert gas fills! %arm6edge s acers! and insulated frames. The %indo% to %all ratio should $e $elo% B;I. S ecify the minimum erformance of .7-' systems) control during unoccu ied hours! heat reco"ery systems! and systems %ith lo%er fan o%er. S ecify efficient %ater heating! tank and i e insulation! and solar heaters. Gse lo%6flo% fi,tures. Gse efficient lighting! controls! and o timize daylight. Gse efficient motors and energy star a liances. Gse com uter simulation to o timize erformance and reduce ca ital cost. eam members: 0echanical*Electrical Engineer

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Energy * /tmos.2ere Prere'uisite 3 (1---153! +3+ Reduction in 94/+ * R E'ui.ment and Elimination of 9alons Reduce ozone de letion $y eliminating the use of '2'6$ased refrigerants in ne% .7-' P R systems (and all other cooling e#ui ment+ and halons in fire su ression e#ui ment. E#ui ment that does not ro"ide o"er 3BI of the $uilding cooling ca acity and emergency $ack6u e#ui ment are e,em t. 'ooling systems for ice rinks and grocery stores are not e,em t. There are some e,em tions for e,isting e#ui ment) ma&or reno"ations must hase6out '2' use %ithin one year of ro&ect com letion and cam us ro&ects (%here '2' e#ui ment accounts for less than BI of o"erall central lant load+ can ha"e a B6D year hase6out eriod. - ro&ect %ith no mechanical refrigeration or fire su ression e#ui ment is eligi$le for this credit. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: =lder refrigeration e#ui ment use chlorofluorocar$ons ('2's+! %hich are a ma&or contri$utor to the de letion of ozone and increase of related en"ironmental and health ro$lems. '2's con"ert ozone into o,ygen! reducing the atmos here1s ultra"iolet rotection. This causes skin cancer! cataracts! %eakened immune systems! reductions in cro yield! and disru tions in the marine food chain. They also a$sor$ infrared radiation and function as otent greenhouse gases. The 'ontreal %rotocol on !ubstances that (eplete the )*one $a+er is hasing out the roduction and use of all ozone6de leting su$stances (=DTs+. '2' roduction in 8orth -merica ended in 3<<B. .'2's (%hich de lete ozone less than '2's+ %ill also $e hased out. 8e%! non6'2' $uilding e#ui ment is cost com etiti"e %ith old '2' e#ui ment. There are initial costs associated %ith the re lacement or con"ersion of '2' e#ui ment> ho%e"er the ne% e#ui ment can $e more efficient and result in energy sa"ings. Requirements: -ll refrigeration e#ui ment and fire su ression e#ui ment should $e documented! outlining refrigerant charges and fire retardants used. echnologies and !trategies: S ecify non6'2'6$ased refrigerants in all .7-' P R systems and fire su ression systems. 'heck e,isting systems $efore $eginning design %ork on a ma&or reno"ation. 'onsider the characteristics of the "arious '2' su$stitutes including a lications! lifetimes! ozone6de leting otentials (=DP "alues+ and glo$al6%arming otentials (G?P "alues+. S ecify refrigerants that ha"e a small en"ironmental lifetime! lo% =DP and G?P "alues! and high energy efficiency (see Ta$le 3 . <;+. There are no 4ideal5 alternati"es for '2's as all ha"e some en"ironmental im acts. eam members: 0echanical engineer

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Energy * /tmos.2ere +redit 1 (15)- 1,! #.timi>e Energy Performance -chie"e le"els of energy erformance a$o"e the rere#uisite standard according to the 08E'B or -S.R-E*IES8- (more stringent+ standards used for Prere#uisite @. Points are a%arded according to ercentage reductions in design energy relati"e to the standard (Ta$le 3 P @ . 3<F63<B+. Both aths ha"e mandatory re#uirements and rescri ti"e and erformance a roaches. Energy erformance is sho%n using AD:;6hour energy com uter simulations using ty ical meteorological year data. The efficiency re#uired de ends on %hether the ro&ect is ne% or a ma&or reno"ation. 2or ro&ects %hich com$ine additions and reno"ations! the re#uirements de end on an area6%eighted a"erage of energy sa"ing targets. .eritage $uildings may $e e,em t from en"elo e and lighting re#uirements. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Energy efficiency reduces the de"astating en"ironmental effects of energy roduction and use. Energy efficient systems can result in more comforta$le indoor en"ironments) increasing roducti"ity %hile decreasing o erating and first costs. ?ith more so histicated integrated design! some systems can $e eliminated entirely. Requirements: Documentation should include LEED letter tem lates and*or com uter simulation files. Process loads (i.e. com uter ser"ers! cooking and refrigeration e#ui ment+ should $e modeled to redict efficiency> ho%e"er they aren1t included in the ercentage calculation. Process energy efficiency may $e eligi$le for an inno"ation in design credit. Energy sa"ings ercentage is determined $y di"iding the difference $et%een the annual designed energy cost and the referenced cost (the sa"ings+ taking into account rene%a$le energy and rocess energy sa"ings (credits+ $y the annual referenced energy cost. echnologies and !trategies: 'om uter simulation (EEF+ com ares the relati"e erformance of different energy efficiency strategies including radiant conditioning! thermal storage! ground6source heat um s! and natural and mi,ed "entilation systems. Three fundamental strategies can increase energy erformance) reduce demand! har"est free energy! and increase efficiency. Reduce demands of internal heating and lighting $y decreasing $uilding size and foot rint! o timizing en"elo e (decrease thermal $ridging+! defining a %ider range of acce ta$le indoor tem eratures! using automatic sensors! and designing lighting for s ecific needs. Gse free energy sources on the site for as much of the energy load as ossi$le. Gse assi"e solar heating (thermal mass and ro er %indo% lacement+! natural "entilation ( re"ailing %inds and a erture o timization+ and daylighting (clerestories and light shel"es+! and geothermal heating and cooling to satisfy lighting and conditioning needs during all seasons. The efficiency of $uilding .7-' and lighting should $e ma,imized $y integrating ne% technologies and direct digital control systems. Distri$uted generation (energy generated near the site+ and cogeneration (simultaneous roduction of electricity and heat+ increase the efficiency of energy roduction. eam members: 0echanical*Electrical Engineer! 'ommissioning -gent @D

Energy * /tmos.2ere +redit ( 1-- 31! Rene%a"le Energy 11 Rene%a"le Energy &< 1 Rene%a"le Energy 18< 13 Rene%a"le Energy 8< Increase the le"el of on6site rene%a$le energy self6su ly in order to reduce the en"ironmental im acts and %aste associated %ith con"entional rimary energy generation. Su ly at least BI (@.B36D.BI+! 3;I (D.B363BI+ or @;I (Q3BI+ of the $uilding1s total energy use (e, ressed as a fraction of energy cost+ through on6site rene%a$le energy. Biomass heating! assi"e solar! solar %ater heating! and o timizing daylighting do not #ualify for this credit $ecause they do not generate electricity. Green energy roduced on site is not eligi$le for the ,reen %ower Credit -. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: =n6site rene%a$le energy reduces the cost! infrastructure! inefficiencies! and im acts (natural resource destruction! air and %ater ollution+ associated %ith energy trans ortation. It can result in im ro"ed o%er relia$ility! reduced reliance on grid o%er! and di"ersion of $iomass from landfill. .o%e"er! $iomass that is not rocessed ro erly can cause air ollution due to incom lete com$ustion. Rene%a$le energy sources can im act the site and re#uire commissioning! measurement! and "erification. The initial cost of on6site rene%a$le energy can $e offset $y energy cost sa"ings! utility re$ates! and net metering (selling the energy $ack to the utility+. Initial costs are decreasing as the technology e"ol"es and relia$ility and lifetime is im ro"ing. Rene%a$le energy can also ro"ide ne% sources of income for farmers. Requirements: Documentation should include LEED letter tem lates and a com uter simulation (RETScreen+ demonstrating the amount and ty e of rene%a$le energy su lied and the related cost sa"ings. The cost of rene%a$le energy (grid energy cost di"ided $y use! multi lied $y rene%a$le energy generated+ is calculated against the designed energy cost (from 'redit 3+ to determine the ercentage of sa"ings. echnologies and !trategies: Design and s ecify on6site! non6 olluting rene%a$le energy from) Sun) hoto"oltaic (P7+ anels or $uilding integrated P7s (integrated in the roof! cladding! or %indo% systems+ and in"erters that con"ert the D' generated to -' ?ind) ine, ensi"e and relia$le %ind tur$ines Biomass) organic matter (sustaina$ly har"ested trees! grasses! and cro s or %aste from industry! agriculture! and construction+ con"erted into thermal energy $y a $oiler or gasifier and then con"erted into electricity $y a generator The roduction and manufacture of rene%a$le energy technologies has gro%n tremendously in recent decades and continues to de"elo . If rene%a$le energy is not economically "ia$le at the $eginning! allo% for systems to $e ada ted in the future. eam members: 0echanical*Electrical Engineer! 'ommissioning -gent @A

Energy * /tmos.2ere +redit 3 ( 3 - 3(! Best Practice +ommissioning -n inde endent third arty (may $e o%ner1s em loyee $ut cannot ha"e any conflict of interest %ith design or construction team+ %ill erform additional commissioning tasks to "erify and ensure that the entire $uilding is designed! constructed and cali$rated to o erate as intended. The re#uirements enhance those of %re#requisite . %ith Best Practice 'ommissioning $y identifying otential ro$lems and areas of im ro"ement and o timizing systems o"er the long term. Best ractices re#uirements ro"ide further assurance that the $uilding %ill continue to meet the o%ner1s needs and ro"ide a healthy! roducti"e en"ironment for occu ants. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Best Practice 'ommissioning increases the $uilding1s efficiency and reduces the en"ironmental effects of energy roduction and use (natural resource de letion and air and %ater ollution+. It re#uires limited additional in"estment o"er regular commissioning ractices. Requirements: -dditional commissioning tasks (including additions to the manual+ must $e e,ecuted or under contract. echnologies and !trategies: The Inde endent 'ommissioning -uthority %ill re"ie% the schematic design to ensure that all of the o%ner1s re#uirements are met (including functionality! energy erformance! %ater erformance! maintaina$ility! sustaina$ility! system cost! indoor en"ironmental #uality! and local en"ironmental im acts+. .e*she %ill re"ie% construction documents and contractor su$mittals to ensure that commissioning ractices are ade#uately s ecified. The = erations and 0anagement manual %ill $e enhanced %ith information including system design (flo%charts+! o eration schedules! $enchmarks! and re6commissioning re#uirements. - lan %ill $e de"elo ed to deal %ith occu ant concerns and a contract made for the commissioner to re"ie% $uilding o eration %ithin one year after construction. The 'ommissioning -uthority %ill return 3; months into the 3@6month %arrantee to inter"ie% staff and identify ro$lems! address issues! resol"e deficiencies! suggest im ro"ements! and de"elo strategies to handle further otential ro$lems. eam members: 'ommissioning -gent! 'ontractor

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Energy * /tmos.2ere +redit ) ( 3,- )1! #>one Protection S ecify all $ase $uilding .7-' and refrigeration e#ui ment to not contain .'2's in order to reduce ozone de letion and su ort early com liance %ith the 0ontreal Protocol. .ydrochlorofluorocar$ons (.'2's+ are lo% ozone de leting refrigerants! often su$stituted for '2's! %hich %ill $e hased out $y @;9; due to their =zone De letion Potential (=DP+. This re#uirement also a lies to central lants or district cooling systems ser"ing the $uilding and refrigeration systems for ice rinks and grocery stores. Small dedicated .7-' units used to cool e#ui ment (com uters! hones! data rooms! %ater coolers! a liances+ are not considered art of the 4$ase $uilding5 and are not su$&ect to the re#uirements as long as they re resent less that 3BI of .7-' ca acity. -ll $uilding e#ui ment must $e free of .'2's $efore occu ancy (no hase6 our eriod+. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Elimination of .'2's reduces ozone de letion! %hich de letes the Earth1s natural shield for ultra"iolet radiation and causes human illness! mortality! and ecosystem damage. .'2's also contri$ute to glo$al climate change. There are cost effecti"e .'2' alternati"es currently a"aila$le including hydroflyorocar$ons (.2's+. It is cost effecti"e to s%itch systems no% as .'2's are already scheduled to $e hased out. .2' e#ui ment not as energy efficient and has a higher glo$al6%arming otential> ho%e"er the technology is still de"elo ing. Requirements: -ll .7-' and refrigeration e#ui ment should $e documented! outlining all refrigerants! cooling ca acities! and the total $ase $uilding cooling ca acity. echnologies and !trategies: Research and s ecify all .7-' P R e#ui ment %ith non6ozone6de leting e#ui ment. Study different su$stitutes (i.e. RF3;a+ and choose the most a ro riate in terms of %orker safety! ozone de letion! energy efficiency! and climate change (alternati"es are u$lished in the EP-1s Significant 8e% -lternati"es Policy 6 S8-P+. eam members: 0echanical Engineer! 'ommissioning -gent

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Energy * /tmos.2ere +redit & ( ) - )5! 6easurement and 4erification Pro"ide metering e#ui ment for all electrical and mechanical systems to account for and o timize $uilding energy and %ater consum tion. De"elo a 0easurement and 7erification (0P7+ lan to demonstrate ho% the results of monitoring %ill $e used to "erify that the $uilding meets its design intent and is functioning ro erly throughout occu ancy. The lan must $e consistent %ith o tion B! '! or D from the International Performance 0easurement P 7erification Protocol (IP07P+. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Su$stantial $enefits are gained from o timizing erformance through continuous monitoring including minimizing lifetime cost! reducing en"ironmental im acts! im ro"ing occu ant health! identifying systems that are not functioning as e, ected! and redicting erformance im ro"ements achie"ed $y incor orating ne% energy efficiency measures. 0P7 costs 363;I the ro&ect cost> ho%e"er! it is re aid %ithin a fe% months of o eration through energy and %ater utility sa"ings and reduced o erations and maintenance costs. Requirements: Documentation should indicate all metering e#ui ment installed and include a co y of the 0P7 lan. echnologies and !trategies: -ll systems to $e monitored and "erified %ill $e included in the 0P7 lan as indi"idual systems or as a holistic $uilding system. -ll data sources (utility $ills! system oints! orta$le metering! or trending eriods+! methods of data collection! and res onsi$le ersonnel %ill $e identified. - $aseline condition (the same $aseline used for energy and %ater efficiency calculations+ %ill $e accurately catalogued that can $e com ared to e,isting conditions. The 0P7 a roach selected de ends on the le"el of integration of the systems and %hether the $uilding %ill $e e"aluated at a system or 4%hole $uilding5 le"el. The 0P7 lan should $e coordinated %ith commissioning rocedures. The installation and o eration of all ne% systems %ill $e "erified and the energy and %ater sa"ings (as com ared to the $aseline+ %ill $e determined. The sa"ings %ill $e com ared to the initial redictions from the engineering calculations in order to track any su$stantial de"iations and modify future ro&ections. -ny ro$lems %ill $e identified and managed to achie"e im ro"ed system erformance. - contract %ill $e ut in lace to re6 e"aluate the ro&ect at a ro riate inter"als. eam members: 'ontractor! 0echanical*Electrical Engineer

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Energy * /tmos.2ere +redit ( ( &8- &)! Green Po%er Engage in a minimum @ year contract %ith a rene%a$le energy ro"ider for at least B;I of the $uildings regulated electricity to encourage the de"elo ment and use of grid6source rene%a$le energy technologies. Po%er su liers must meet EcoLogo or Green6e standards or ro"ide documentation demonstrating that they com ly %ith these standards. Rene%a$le energy is deri"ed from solar! %ind! small6scale hydro! geothermal! $iomass from %aste and*or $iogas from landfill sources. 0inor "ariations in the ercentage and length of the contract are acce ta$le as long as the amount of green energy re#uired is maintained. ?here the local utility does not offer rene%a$le energy! com liant Trada$le Rene%a$le Energy 'ertificates (i.e. Bullfrog+ from another utility can $e used. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Green o%er is not en"ironmentally $enign $ut greatly lessens the im acts of con"entional energy roduction (air ollution resulting in acid rain! smog! glo$al %arming! and endangered human res iratory health+. It also a"oids reliance on nuclear and large6scale hydroelectric o%er. The use of $io6fuel di"erts %aste from landfill and creates local em loyment. 'urrent green o%er costs are greater than con"entional energy> ho%e"er the rices are more sta$le and %ill $ecome less e, ensi"e as technology de"elo s. Green o%er is less e, ensi"e than con"entional o%er %hen en"ironmental and health costs are factored into the e#uation. Requirements: The re#uired ercentage of rene%a$le energy is $ased on annual energy simulation and is B;I of the design electricity after rene%a$le onsite o%er generation has $een su$tracted. The amount of energy re#uired from the green su lier de ends on the fraction of green energy in their roduct (B;I %ould $e re#uired from a 3;;I rene%a$le6deri"ed o%er roduct "s. 3;;I of a B;I rene%a$le energy roduct+ echnologies and !trategies: Research non6 olluting rene%a$le o%er ro"iders and trada$le rene%a$le energy certificates and factor in the fraction of its deli"ered o%er that comes from green energy. eam members: EcoLogo or Green6e Energy Pro"ider

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6aterials * Resources #$er$ie% ( &&- &-! The e,traction! rocessing! trans ortation! and dis osal of $uilding materials contri$utes to air and %ater ollution! the destruction of ha$itats! and the de letion of natural resources. 'onstruction acti"ities consume F;I of the glo$al material flo% and generate 99I of 8orth -merican solid %aste (%hich should instead $e "ie%ed as a resource and a commodity+. The most effecti"e strategy to minimize the en"ironmental im acts associated %ith materials and resources is the reuse and reha$ilitation of e,isting $uildings. This reduces the im acts (i.e. ha$itat distur$ance+ of material roduction and deli"ery and minimizes infrastructure re#uired. Gsing sal"aged and recycled materials instead of ne% di"erts 4%aste5 from landfill and encourages %aste management com anies to recycle and reuse. Gsing local resources su orts the local economy and decreases trans ortation and infrastructural need. Ra idly rene%a$le materials reduce the im acts of resource consum tion. Dura$le $uildings %ith longer life s ans re#uire less maintenance! re air! and re lacement and reduce the demand on ra% materials. The life s an of the en"elo e is de endent on the dura$ility of the com onents! assem$lies! and connections against climatic and en"ironmental stresses. -da ta$le $uildings or those designed for deconstruction kee materials in the use cycle as long as ossi$le ($efore they need to $e re rocessed+. Porta$le fi,tures! furniture! and e#ui ment and reconfigura$le and re6locata$le architectural $uilding elements can either $e included or e,cluded in the LEED a lication as long as they are included in all material and resource calculations (e,ce t 3.3! 3.@! and 9+ and installed immediately u on $uilding com letion. The follo%ing strategies are not included in the LEED a lication and may $e incor orated in design and inno"ation credits) -da ta$ility) the ca acity of a $uilding to accommodate su$stantial future change at a lo% cost is critical in a"oiding remature o$solescence and im ro"ing life6cycle en"ironmental erformance and includes) 2le,i$ility) allo%s for changes in s ace lanning 'on"erti$ility) allo%s for su$stantial changes to use E, anda$ility) a$ility to make additions and alterations Designing for disassem$ly) eases the reco"ery of materials! com onents! and systems Life6cycle assessment (L'-+ Proacti"e Strategies) easily reconfigura$le architectural elements that allo% for the ada tation and reconfiguration of com onents on6site (instead of ha"ing to shi them $ack to the manufacturer+

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6aterials * Resources Prere'uisite 1 ( &5- (3! Storage * +ollection of Recycla"les 2acilitate the reduction of landfill %aste generated $y $uilding occu ants $y ro"iding an easily accessi$le area (may $e outdoors+ that is dedicated to the se aration! collection! and storage of recycla$le materials. Recycling has already $ecome an integral art of 'anadian culture and most eo le are inclined to recycle as long as the rocess in not too incon"enient or costly. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: 0any if not all %aste roducts generated $y occu ants can $e recycled instead of sent to landfill. Recycling reduces the e,traction of natural resources! %hich destroys ha$itats. Recycling 3 tonne of a er re"ents the rocessing of 3D trees and sa"es @.9 mR of landfill s ace. Recycling aluminium re#uires only BI of the energy re#uired to roduce "irgin aluminium. The cost of collecting and rocessing recycla$les can $e offset $y significant sa"ings in landfill dis osal costs. Increasing recycling %ill also sta$ilize the recycled materials market. Recycling storage does ho%e"er re#uire a large area of floor s ace and may increase the $uilding foot rint. Requirements: The ro"ided recycling area guidelines are recommended not re#uired. The recycling area de ends on the "olume and ty e of materials generated $y occu ants and occu ant recycling rates "ary $y $uilding ty e. echnologies and !trategies: Promote recycling $y creating con"enient o ortunities for recycling %ith ade#uate s ace for collecting and storing recycla$les. Designate a %ell6marked location for the collection and storage of recycla$les ( a er! card$oard! glass! metals! lastics+ that is sized to accommodate the estimated recycla$le %aste "olume. Isolate recycling acti"ities that create odours! noise! and air contaminants from occu ants to maintain indoor en"ironmental #uality. Locate the central location in the $asement or on the ground floor %ith easy access for collection "ehicles and rolling $ins. Research local recycling markets to find the $est recycling methods. Pro"ide instruction to occu ants and em loyees on recycling rocedures. Encourage acti"ities to reduce and reuse materials $efore recycling to reduce the amount of recycla$le "olume. Larger $uildings may re#uire card$oard $alers and aluminium can crushers to reduce recycling storage s ace. Recycling chutes facilitate recycling efforts.

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6aterials * Resources +redit 1 ( ()- , ! Building Reuse 111 6aintain ,&< of E?isting ;alls@ 3loors@ and Roof 11 6aintain 5&< of E?isting ;alls@ 3loors@ and Roof 113 6aintain &8< of Interior :on-Structural Elements 0aintain o"er DBI or <;I of e,isting $uilding structure and shell (e,terior cladding and framing! e,cluding %indo% assem$lies and non6structural roofing materials+ and*or o"er B;I of non6shell elements (interior %alls! doors! floor co"erings and ceiling systems+ to e,tend the life cycle of e,isting $uilding stock! conser"e resources! retain cultural resources! reduce %aste! and reduce en"ironmental im acts of manufacturing and trans orting ne% $uilding materials. Roofto latforms that are not integral to the roof are not considered 4structure and shell5. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Reusing $uilding com onents on6site reduces the amount of construction %aste lea"ing the site and reduces the en"ironmental im acts of ra% and recycled material e,traction! manufacture and trans ortation. It minimizes the im acts of de"elo ing on a greenfield site including ha$itat distur$ance caused $y ne% infrastructure and roads. Building reuse can reduce the first costs of $uilding and allo%s the o%ner to take ad"antage of $uilding on a rime location %ith e,isting desira$le $uilding characteristics. Requirements: .ighlight reused elements on the lans and ele"ations and calculate the ercentage of $uilding elements reused. To #ualify for $uilding reuse the e,isting $uilding must undergo su$stantial reno"ation. If an addition is ro osed that is greater than B;I of the e,isting $uilding1s floor area it is a ne% $uilding and is ineligi$le for the $uilding reuse credit (reused $uilding materials can still count to%ard 'redit @+. If an item cannot $e reused for its original function it can $e re rocessed and installed for a different use (i.e. %ood $eams re6milled or concrete crushed for structural fill+ and %ill count to%ard 'redit 9. The ercentage of reused structure (footings! sla$s on grade! stem %alls! columns! and $eams+ is calculated in terms of "olume ("s. total "olume of structural elements+. The ercentage or reused shell ($rick cladding! roofing! and siding+ is calculated in terms of area. -dd these ercentages and di"ide $y @ to determine the total ercentage of $uilding reused. The ercentage of reused interior elements is calculated in terms of area. echnologies and !trategies: Research the otential reuse of an e,isting $uilding $y e"aluating its structural integrity and skin! functional suita$ility! code com liance! historic significance! ada ta$ility! en"ironmental attri$utes (solar e, osure! trans ortation access! air #uality le"els! and storm%ater control+ and determine ad"antages and dra%$acks of reuse "ersus demolition. Try to reser"e the e,isting faSade. Identify contaminants (as$estos! lead6 $ased aint+ and a ly re#uired or a ro riate remo"al*isolation measures. G grade outdated com onents (.7-'! lum$ing! insulation! and %indo%s+ %ith ne% com onents that enhance energy efficiency! %ater efficiency! and indoor en"ironmental air #uality. eam 'embers) Structural Engineer! Building En"elo e S ecialists 9B

6aterials * Resources +redit ( ,3- -1! +onstruction ;aste 6anagement 11 Di$ert &8< from Landfill 1 Di$ert ,&< from Landfill Recycle and reuse reco"ered resources in order to di"ert B;I or DBI of construction! demolition and land clearing de$ris from landfill dis osal. Incineration cannot $e used as an alternati"e method for di"erting %aste from landfill. Re rocessed rock and e,ca"ated materials cannot $e counted in calculations since it is standard ractice to reuse $edrock on site as fill (ho%e"er! it can count to%ard 'redit B+. .azardous materials (i.e. as$estos and lead+ can $e e,cluded from calculations! $ut should $e noted in the narrati"e to e, lain ho% they cannot $e recycled or sal"aged. Bentonite that is used to sta$ilize trench %alls may $e considered a construction material if s ecified for a s ecific function and $rought on site for that ur ose. 0aterials included in 'redit 9 E 'redit D calculations cannot $e a lied to this credit. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: 'onstruction and demolition ('PD+ acti"ities generate enormous #uantities of solid %aste. Recycling o ortunities for "arious materials are e, anding and some o ortunities ha"e long $een a"aila$le. = ortunities de end on location and the le"el of contamination of the material. Recycling of 'PD de$ris reduces material demand and the en"ironmental im acts associated %ith resource e,traction! rocessing! and trans ortation (i.e. contamination of ground%ater! loss of green s ace+. Recycling and reuse of materials can e,tend the lifetime of e,isting landfills to a"oid landfill e, ansion. ?aste management lans re#uire time and money to draft and im lement $ut they can guide a ro&ect to achie"e su$stantial sa"ings $y lo%ering landfill ti ing fees (%hen fees e,ceed OB; er tonne recycling $ecomes cost6effecti"e+! collecting re"enue from recycla$le materials! and minimizing the initial cost of materials (ie. grinding demolished concrete for structural fill+. Requirements: 'alculations can $e done $y %eight or "olume ($ut must $e consistent+. 'alculate the ercentage $y com aring the amount of all recycled materials to the total %aste (con"ersions are ro"ided to con"ert material amounts from "olume to %eight+. echnologies and !trategies: 0inimize the factors that contri$ute to %aste (o"er6 ackaging! im ro er storage! oor lanning! $reakage! mishandling and contamination+. Identify institute reuse! sal"age and recycle o ortunities and look at otential markets for sal"aged materials. De"elo and institute a construction %aste management lan that identifies sal"age! re rocessing! reuse! and recycling o ortunities> includes cost estimates> and addresses source reduction of material use. Designate a %ell identified area that is rotected from the elements (to a"oid contaminating storm%ater runoff+ s ecifically for 'PD %aste recycling. Train site %orkers on ro er recycling rotocol. Institute monthly re orting and feed$ack on the %aste management lan to assess rogress and address ro$lems. eam members: Recycling 'onsultants! 'ontractor 9:

6aterials * Resources +redit 3 ( - - -5! Resources Reuse 311 &< 31 18< Reuse off6site sal"aged or refur$ished materials! roducts and furnishings for at least BI or 3;I of the total cost of $uilding materials to reduce the demand for "irgin materials! the amount of %aste roduced! and the im acts of ne% material e,traction and rocessing. =n6site materials that are remo"ed and re rocessed! no longer ser"e their original function! and are installed for a different use may also a ly to 'redit 9 (other%ise on6site materials left in6 lace are considered under 'redit 3 E Building Reuse+. These include any materials from a $uilding on site that %as demolished or deconstructed. 2orm%ork that is not ermanently installed is considered 4e#ui ment5 for all credits (e,ce t 'redit F and D+ and is not included in the ro&ect1s material costs. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Reusing resources (structure! flooring! aneling! doors and frames! ca$inetry! furniture! $rick and masonry! decorati"e items! and fi,tures+ e,tends material lifetimes and can reduce o"erall first costs of construction materials. Sal"aged materials can also add character and $e used as architectural details. Reuse di"erts material from the construction %aste stream! reduces landfill re#uirements and associated %ater and air contamination issues! and eliminates the en"ironmental im acts of roducing ne% materials. Sal"aged materials may $e more costly than ne% due to the la$our re#uired to reco"er and refur$ish $ut often ha"e higher #uality and dura$ility. Requirements: Determine the ercentage "alue of the total material cost that is accounted for $y sal"aged materials. =nly add mechanical* lum$ing*electrical material costs if some of these com onents are art of the sal"aged materials. If the cost of sal"aged material is $elo% market "alue) use re lacement cost to estimate material "alue. The total material cost can $e deri"ed $y calculating of FBI of the total construction cost or $y tallying all of the material costs. echnologies and !trategies: De"elo a reuse strategy early in the design to incor orate reused $uilding materials and set reuse goals (i.e. minimum B;I of floors %ill $e sal"aged+. Identify local sources of reused $uilding roducts (and local $uildings $eing demolished+ and research their roducts1 dura$ility! erformance! code com liance! contaminants! and en"ironmental considerations (some older construction elements are less %ater*energy efficient than ne% ones+. eam members: Demolition and Recycling 'ontractors

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6aterials * Resources +redit ) ( 58-388! Recycled +ontent )11 ,1&< (.ost consumer A B .ost-industrial! )1 1&< (.ost consumer A B .ost-industrial! Gse materials %ith recycled content (that %ould ha"e entered the solid %aste stream+ to increase their demand and reduce the im acts of roducing ne% materials. 0echanical and electrical com onents and sal"aged and refur$ished items are not considered for 'redit F. If lum$ing e#ui ment is included it must $e included in all material cost calculations for all credits and the default material cost "alue (FBI of construction costs+ cannot $e used (material costs must $e tallied+. If other items are included in the $ase materials costs (ele"ators! a liances! furniture! $uilt6ins+ they should $e included in all cost calculations for all credits. Recycled content materials are not counted in 0R 'redits 369! or : and D. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Products that contain recycled content reduce the im acts of "irgin material use and landfill %aste generation. 0any materials (metal! concrete! masonry! acoustic tile! car et! ceramic tile! insulation+ already contain recycled materials and ha"e the same erformance as ne% materials. Recycled materials can cost more than ne% $ut as the market continues to gro% rices %ill $ecome more com etiti"e (this 'redit aims to encourage the ost6consumer recycling market+. The en"ironmental $enefits of recycled materials are less than reused and therefore reuse is referred o"er recycling if ossi$le. Requirements: The sum of ost6consumer recycled content lus T of the ost6industrial content must constitutes at least D.BI or 3BI of the total ro&ect material cost. The ortion of ost6consumer and*or ost6industrial recycled content of a material is determined $y di"iding recycled content %eight $y total %eight and multi lying $y the material or assem$ly cost. Basing recycled content on %eight is not fair to light6%eight recycled assem$lies> therefore there is a different calculation methodology %here the com onents are itemized to determine indi"idual costs as %ell as the ercentage of recycled content. Gnless other documentation is ro"ided! @BI of steel content is assumed to $e recycled. The recycled content of Su lementary 'ementing 0aterials (S'0s) fly ash! slag! silica fume from industrial rocesses+ is calculated $ased on the reduction of Portland cement mass as com ared to the $ase mi, multi lied $y @. Gse of recycled aggregates is calculated se arately. The material cost of form%ork for cast6in6 lace concrete is included in the calculation of total material cost. echnologies and !trategies: Incor orate materials %ith recycled content in the design and identify recycled material goals. Identify ty es of materials for %hich of6site recycled alternati"es e,ist and e"aluate their dura$ility! maintenance! erformance! en"ironmental considerations! emissions (es ecially %ith synthetic materials+! and trans ortation re#uirements. Record the recycled content ercentage $y %eight for all materials (%ith literature! $rochures! or official statements+. Incor orate recycla$le materials in $uilding com onents. 9A

6aterials * Resources +redit & (381-38-! Regional 6aterials &11 18< E?tracted and 6anufactured Regionally &1 8< E?tracted and 6anufactured Regionally Gse $uilding materials and roducts that %ere e,tracted and manufactured locally to increase demand and u$lic a%areness of local roducts! su ort indigenous resources! and reduce the im acts of trans ortation. This credit is in contrast to the Pro"incial o$ligations under the -greement on Internal Trade (-IT+. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: The use of regional materials su orts the local economy! lo%ers trans ortation costs and the en"ironmental im acts associated %ith trans ortation (de letion of fossil fuels and air ollution+. Regional material a"aila$ility de ends on ro&ect location and a"aila$ility of local resources. These materials can also hel integrate the ro&ect into the local $uilding aesthetic and take ad"antage of materials that erform %ell in the local en"ironment. Requirements: Gse 3;I or @;I of materials for %hich at least A;I of the mass is e,tracted! rocessed! and manufactured %ithin either) A;;km of ro&ect site! @F;;km of ro&ect site and shi ed $y rail or %ater! or a com$ination of the t%o. Both manufacture and e,traction must take lace %ithin the allo%ed distance> ho%e"er the distance $et%een the t%o is not considered for this credit. The ercentage of regional materials is $ased on the cost of regional materials di"ided $y the total material cost for the ro&ect. The total cost can $e determined $y taking FBI of the su$contractor costs of Construction !pecifications /nstitute 'asterFormat (ivisions) Di"ision @63;. Di"ision 3363F materials can $e added to this cost one $y one. Di"ision 3B63: materials are not included in this cost calculation. =ther%ise! the material costs for each item can $e added to determine the total material costs. echnologies and !trategies: 'onsider incor orating local materials in the ro&ect during the design hase. Research regional materials to com are their dura$ility! erformance! and en"ironmental considerations. S ecify regional materials in the contract documents and record their cost! distance! and trans ortation needs using roduct literature! cut sheets! or letters. eam members: Regional $uilding materials manufacturers

9<

6aterials * Resources +redit ( (385-31 ! Ra.idly Rene%a"le 6aterials Gse ra idly rene%a$le materials (made from lants that are har"ested %ithin a ten6year cycle or shorter+ for BI of the total ro&ect material cost to reduce the de letion of finite ra% materials and long6cycle rene%a$le materials. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Ra idly rene%a$le resources su$stantially re lenish themsel"es faster than con"entional materials and include $am$oo flooring! cotton $att insulation! linoleum flooring! sunflo%er see $oard! %heatgrass ca$inetry! %ool car et! etc. They generally re#uire less land (higher density! shorter gro%ing cycles+! natural resources! ca ital and time and are more en"ironmentally friendly than most con"entional $uilding materials. They may ro"ide o ortunities to dis lace ra% materials that ha"e more en"ironmental im acts (i.e. the ha$itat destruction! soil erosion! and stream sedimentation caused $y irres onsi$le forestry ractices+. Bio6$ased lastics (from corn starch+ are $eginning to ro"ide alternati"es to etroleum6$ased lastics. -s demand for ra idly rene%a$le materials gro%s! they %ill $ecome more cost6com etiti"e. Requirements: Sum all ra idly rene%a$le material costs and di"ide $y the total material cost to o$tain the ercentage of ra idly rene%a$le materials. 2or assem$lies! calculate the ercentage of ra idly rene%a$le materials $y %eight. Total cost may $e deri"ed from a default calculation of FBI total construction cost or a tally of actual material costs. echnologies and !trategies: Research ra idly rene%a$le materials for flooring! ca$inetry! %ood roducts! etc and e"aluate their ossi$le emissions and erformance characteristics ( erformance and sta$ility of these materials continues to im ro"e as more research is done into the area of ra idly rene%a$le materials+. S ecify these materials in contract documents. eam members: Ra idly rene%a$le materials manufacturers! Interior Designer

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6aterials * Resources +redit , (313-3 8! +ertified ;ood S ecify a minimum of B;I of all %ood6$ased materials (structure! framing! flooring! finishes! furnishings! $racing! form%ork! etc.+ as certified in accordance %ith the Forest !tewardship Council0s %rinciples and Criteria to encourage en"ironmentally res onsi$le forest management. Reclaimed %ood! refur$ished %ood! and ost6consumer recycled %ood are e,cluded from the certified %ood calculation entirely and do not contri$ute to total %ood6$ased materials cost (so as not to enalize the use of non6"irgin %ood+. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Res onsi$le forestry ractices aim to minimize the ecosystem destruction usually linked to %ood har"esting and ma,imize the $enefits of a resource that is rene%a$le! reusa$le! $iodegrada$le! non6to,ic! energy efficient! and recycla$le. It aims to meet material needs and roduce er etual yield %hile maintaining the $iodi"ersity of forests. ="er time! 2S'6certified %ood rices %ill $ecome more cost com etiti"e. Requirements: Identify all 2S' %ood material costs and di"ide $y the total %ood6$ased materials costs to determine the certified %ood ercentage. -ll form%ork must $e included in the calculations for this credit. 2or assem$lies) calculate the cost ercentage of 2S' %ood "s. the total cost and multi ly $y the cost to determine the "alue of certified %ood. 2or 2S' certified trusses (that allo% for as little as D;I 2S'6certified %ood $y "olume+ and other 2S' certified assem$lies the entire "alues of the assem$lies can $e counted to%ard this credit. echnologies and !trategies: Plan for at least B;I of the cost of %ood6$ased materials to $e 2S' certified. Identify all ma&or areas of %ood usage in the ro&ect and determine roducts re#uired. Research the roducts re#uired to see if they are a"aila$le from 2S'6certified sources. 2or structural elements s ecify the lo%est #uality grade that %ill meet the ro&ect1s erformance re#uirements and for finishes s ecify 4character5 grades that highlight the %ood1s character. 'onsider re6 urchasing %ood roducts as the a"aila$ility of certified %ood roducts may "ary throughout the ro&ect. S ecify %ood roducts as 2S' certified ($ased on a"aila$le roducts rather than a $lanket a roach+. Pro"ide each material manufacturer1s 2S' chain6of6custody certificate num$er. eam members: 2S' certified %ood "endors! Structural Engineer! Interior Designer

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6aterials * Resources +redit - (3 1-3 ,! Dura"le Building De"elo a Building Dura$ility Plan to minimize material use and construction %aste resulting from remature failure of the $uilding and its com onents. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: 0a,imizing dura$ility (the a$ility of a $uilding and its com onents to erform o"er time %ithout unforeseen maintenance and re air+ increases energy efficiency and reduces material %aste! ne% resource e,traction! and ollution. Dura$ility ertains mostly to the e,terior en"elo e that is e, osed to moisture and the elements. Regionally a ro riate com onents that res ond to local climate increase dura$ility. Dura$le systems may ha"e a higher initial cost! $ut they re#uire less maintenance and re lacement and incur less cost in the long term. Remediation re#uired due to en"elo e failure can cost more than initial construction Requirements: The dura$ility lan must $e done in accordance %ith rinci les of C!A !123#45 6R788.9 : ,uideline on (urabilit+ in ;uildings for the ro&ect1s construction and re6 occu ancy hases) Ensure that the redicted $uilding ser"ice life e,ceeds the design ser"ice life 'onstruct com onents to a s ecific ser"ice life standard and to $e easily re laced Document the redicted ser"ice life of com onents $y documenting demonstrated effecti"eness! modeling the deterioration rocess! and*or erforming tests De"elo and document a #uality management rogram that ensures s ecified #uality assurance acti"ities are carried out to ensure ser"ice life is achie"ed echnologies and !trategies: Incor orate dura$ility issues from the outset of ro&ect design. 'arefully detail assem$lies that rotect from the elements to minimize en"elo e deterioration (i.e. rain6 screens! air and "a our $arriers! o"erhangs! and sun shading+. Determine the design ser"ice life of each com onent (look at e, osure conditions! maintenance costs! conse#uences of failure! a"aila$ility of re air com onents! technical o$solescence! etc.+. Ensure that systems %ill $e assem$led ro erly $y s ecifying a realistic le"el of %orkmanshi ! testing ne% methods $efore im lementing them! and ro"iding efficient ro&ect management. -llo% for ease of access for re airs! re lacements! and alterations throughout construction and the ser"ice life of the $uilding. - rational lan for maintenance %ill assist in defining dura$ility o$&ecti"es. Design for deconstruction and ada ta$ility $y s ecifying mechanical connections and fle,i$le systems as some com onents are likely to $e remo"ed rematurely as a result of changing styles. -llo% for future additions and reno"ations. To ensure that the $uilding does not fall into remature o$solescence! it must $e a$le to stay current and rele"ant. eam members: Building En"elo e Professionals! Structural*0echanical Engineers! 'ontractor F@

Indoor En$ironmental 7uality #$er$ie% (3 5-33 ! 'anadians s end a$out <;I of their time indoors %here the le"el of ollutants is @6B (and can $e u to 3;; times+ higher than outdoors. Im ro"ing indoor air #uality (I-/+ can reduce lia$ility for designers! o%ners! and managers %hile increasing the "alue of the $uilding and the roducti"ity of the occu ants. This can result in %orkforce roducti"ity gains of D.3I %ith lighting controls! 3.AI %ith "entilation controls! 3.@I %ith thermal controls! and u to F;I %ith daylighting. Strategies to ensure indoor en"ironmental #uality include) su lying filtered outside air! im ro"ing "entilation effecti"eness! managing moisture! controlling air contaminants! selecting materials that release fe%er contaminants! rotecting air handling systems during construction! flushing the $uilding %ith outdoor air $efore occu ancy! installing sensors and controls to ad&ust indoor en"ironment! o timizing lighting #uality! daylighting! increasing thermal comfort! im ro"ing acoustics! allo%ing access to "ie%s! and ro"iding occu ant control of $uilding systems. It is easier to re"ent contamination than clean u after construction> therefore! construction should $e se#uenced so that materials are ke t dry and those that a$sor$ contaminants are installed after other materials ha"e off6gassed their contaminants. Sensors should $e installed to alert $uilding o erators of otential I-/ ro$lems. Good interior design can increase indoor en"ironmental #uality significantly. Interior designers should $e included in the integrated design rocess from the $eginning. =ther indoor en"ironmental #uality factors that are not co"ered $y LEED include) 0oisture! s rays! and standing %ater) Eliminate the otential for uncontrolled moisture! %hich can lead to remature $uilding systems failure and encourage micro$ial contamination (%hich affects occu ant health and degrades the $uilding through discoloration and odours+. 0ineral 2i$res) Eliminate the otential for hazardous fi$re release from un6contained mineral fi$re materials such as mineral fi$re liners used for insulation in ducts (%hich also tra dust that su orts micro$ial gro%th if moisture is resent+ and loose mineral fi$res from structural fire retardants and e, osed insulation in sus ended ceilings. E,ternal and internal noise sources) 0inimize un%anted noise $y im ro"ing sound isolation in the $uilding en"elo e! floors! and %alls. Design e#ui ment rooms to a ro riate noise reduction standards. Performance maintenance) 0aintain the technical systems so that intended erformance is reser"ed and ro"ide access for maintenance! cleaning! and ad&ustments. Electro60agnetic Pollution) Reduce occu ant e, osure to electro6magnetic ollution as much as ossi$le.

F9

Indoor En$ironmental 7uality Prere'uisite 1 (333-33-! 6inimum I/7 Performance 0eet the re#uirements of A!<RAE -7#788.: =entilation for Acceptable /ndoor Air >ualit+ to esta$lish the minimum Indoor -ir /uality (I-/+ erformance and im ro"e the comfort and %ell6$eing of occu ants. The "entilation system must $e designed to re"ent contaminant u take! minimize micro6organism gro%th! and filter articulates. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: = timal I-/ erformance %ill result in im ro"ed occu ant comfort! %ell6$eing! and roducti"ity. Im ro"ed I-/ can $e achie"ed $y using high #uality outdoor air! ro"iding ade#uate "entilation rates! and a"oiding the introduction of contaminants. Increased "entilation rates can result in higher energy use. .o%e"er! this can $e reduced $y using e,haust heat reco"ery and through ro er $uilding commissioning. Im ro"ed I-/ lo%ers the occurrence of occu ant illnesses and lia$ility costs! and increases $uilding "alue! %hich offset the added energy costs since ersonnel costs are greater than energy costs. 2urthermore! A!<RAE standard -7#788. has $ecome standard "entilation design ractice and ty ically does not re#uire additional design effort or cost. Requirements: Information regarding outdoor air flo%s! occu ancy ty es! floor area! su ly air flo% rate! "entilation effecti"eness! and .7-' system ty e must $e included to demonstrate that the minimum "entilation rate rocedure has $een met. =utdoor air flo%s can $e reduced $y treating re6circulated air %ith contaminant remo"al e#ui ment and using air "olume to dilute contaminants. 2or natural "entilation systems include the area of all free uno$structed o enings! floor areas! the ercentage of o enings to floor area (o era$le o enings must total at least FI of the floor area for erimeter areas and AI for interior areas+! distances to nearest o enings! and free o en areas $et%een erimeter s aces and interior s aces. 8atural "entilation system must ro"ide the re#uired outdoor air flo%s during eak conditions. 'om uter simulation can $e used to calculate the design of natural "entilation systems. echnologies and !trategies: E"aluate the site to a"oid choosing a site %ith otential I-/ ro$lems (caused $y hea"y traffic areas! near$y industrial sites+. =$tain air #uality data and local %ind atterns to identify sources of ollution. Identify on6site acti"ities that may affect I-/ (construction acti"ities! $uilding materials! chemical handling acti"ities during occu ancy+. Esta$lish the I-/ standard early in the design rocess. S ecify fresh air intakes a%ay from sources of contamination (D.Bm or 3@m a%ay from loading areas! e,haust fans! cooling to%ers! street traffic! idling cars! standing %ater! arking garages! sanitary "ents! dum sters! and smoking areas+. Ensure that the outside air ca acity for "entilation system can meet the re#uirements. During construction rotect $uilding materials from moisture and s ecify materials that do not release harmful chemicals (i.e. "olatile organic com ounds (7='s+ from aints and sol"ents+. Include minimum I-/ standards in the $uilding commissioning re ort and o erations and maintenance lan. eam members: 0echanical Engineer FF

Indoor En$ironmental 7uality Prere'uisite (335-3)&! En$ironmental 0o"acco Smoke (E0S! +ontrol Prohi$it smoking inside the $uilding! esta$lish negati"e ressure in indoor smoking areas! or reduce air leakage $et%een smoking rooms and common areas in residential $uildings in order to re"ent or minimize the e, osure of $uilding occu ants and indoor surfaces and systems to ETS. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: The relationshi $et%een ETS and health risks (lung disease! cancer! heart disease+ has $een %ell documented. The most effecti"e %ay to a"oid heath ro$lems associated %ith ETS is to rohi$it smoking in indoor areas. If this is not ossi$le interior smoking areas should $e isolated and ha"e se arate "entilation systems. The increased cost of ro"iding ro er interior smoking areas (increasing $uilding area! material use! and "entilation energy+ is offset $y encouraging more comforta$le! roducti"e occu ants %ith lo%er a$senteeism and illness. 'ontrolling ETS can also increase the life of interior fi,tures and furnishings. Requirements: E,terior smoking areas must $e located at least D.Bm a%ay from entries! outdoor air intakes! and o era$le %indo%s. Interior smoking areas must $e o erated at a negati"e ressure com ared %ith surrounding s aces at an a"erage of BPa and a minimum of 3Pa %hen the doors are closed ("erified %ith a 3B minute measurement during %orst case conditions+. Sealed enetrations and %eather stri ing of doors in residential $uildings %ill $e "erified %ith the A"!//A! '#224#44 Blo%er Door Test for 3;I of the first 3;; units and BI of additional units to ensure that there is less than ;.ADB cmH of leakage er s#uare metre of enclosure area. echnologies and !trategies: Prohi$it smoking in the $uilding and locate signs and ro"ide %aste rece tacles to designate outdoor smoking areas. Post information on the non6smoking olicy throughout the $uilding. Install dedicated smoking rooms %ith erimeter assem$lies and "entilation systems that ensure that smoke is contained! ca tured and remo"ed from the $uilding. Smoking rooms re#uire more than t%ice the "entilation "olumes of non6smoking rooms. Ensure that all %alls! ceilings! and floors are carefully sealed to eliminate smoke transfer. E,haust smoking rooms to the outdoors and ensure that there is no recirculation of the air to non6smoking areas. Install s ecialized smoke6remo"al e#ui ment (i.e. electrostatic filters+ %here large num$ers of smokers are e, ected. 'ommission! measure and "erify the "entilation systems of all indoor smoking areas. Prohi$it smoking in the common areas of residential $uildings. 0inimize the uncontrolled ath%ays for ETS transfer $et%een units $y sealing enetrations in %alls! ceilings! and floors. ?eather6stri doors leading to common hall%ays and treat all d%elling units as smoking rooms. 2ollo% the manufacturer1s recommendations for ro er selection and s acing of diffusers for under6floor air distri$ution systems. eam 'embers: 0echanical Engineer FB

Indoor En$ironmental 7uality +redit 1 (3)(-3&1! +ar"on Dio?ide (+# ! 6onitoring Install a ermanent '=@ monitoring system that ro"ides feed$ack on "entilation erformance! allo%s for o erational ad&ustments! and res onds to indoor '=@ le"els and the differential $et%een indoor and outdoor le"els (as determined $y -S.R-E :@6@;;3+. '=@ monitoring ro"ides the ca acity to monitor I-/ and sustain long6term occu ant comfort and %ell6$eing. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: .igh '=@ le"els indicate oor I-/ %ith high le"els of human $io6effluents! odours! and other ollutants. 'on"entional standards re#uire minimum fi,ed outdoor su ly rates to flush contaminants and re lenish fresh air on a regular $asis. .o%e"er! a fi,ed su ly cannot res ond to "arying occu ancies. Digitally controlled .7-' systems and relia$le '=@ sensors can ad&ust outdoor air dam ers and su ly air "olumes to #uickly res ond to changes in I-/ (caused $y the num$er of occu ants+ to sa"e energy! increase occu ant roducti"ity! decrease occu ant a$senteeism! and e,tend the lifetime of the .7-' system. These ad"antages offset the first costs of the e#ui ment and installation! %hich ranges from O3;;;6OB;;; er sam ling oint. The system must still ro"ide a minimum air su ly to deal %ith ollutants that are not generated $y $uilding occu ants (i.e. 7='s+. Requirements: Indoor '=@ le"els must $e com ared to outdoor le"els to determine the differential oint at %hich "entilation rates should $e ad&usted. The differential le"el is $ased on the acti"ity le"el and meta$olic rate of occu ants as %ell as the use and is defined in A!<RAE !tandard 55#7881 able 1 Appendi? A and C. - le"el of D;; m of '=@ relati"e to outdoor air normally satisfies comfort criteria. 2or a mi,ed6use $uilding calculate the '=@ concentration and differential for each use. echnologies and !trategies: Locate '=@ sam ling locations to ro"ide re resentati"e readings of a"erage '=@ concentrations in occu ied s aces. Locate sensors in the areas that resent the greatest resent and future challenges for ade#uate "entilation (i.e. highly "aria$le occu ant areas) conference rooms! auditoriums! and training rooms+. Sensors should $e measured :63; feet from the nearest occu ant and a%ay from o en %indo%s and su ly air "ents. They can $e located in return air ducts at &unctions %here the return air is com$ined from multi le small s aces to o$tain an a"erage concentration of all rooms. Return air ducts must $e effecti"ely sealed to ensure re resentati"e readings. 0anual "entilation controls may $e used for s aces %ith static occu ant densities> ho%e"er! the most res onsi"e comfort control is still ro"ided $y automated systems. '=@ control systems and sensors must $e cali$rated and tested $y the contractor and "erified as art of commissioning rocess. Periodical checks and maintenance must continue during occu ation. .7-' systems that ser"ice s aces %ith high '=@ le"els should $e designed so that other s aces are not o"er6"entilated. eam members: 0echanical Engineer! 'ommissioning -gent F:

Indoor En$ironmental 7uality +redit (3& -3()! 4entilation Effecti$eness Pro"ide for the effecti"e deli"ery and mi,ing of su ly air to su ort the safety! comfort! and %ell6$eing of $uilding occu ants. This credit enhances the I-/ re#uirements of Prere#uisite 3 $y ensuring that su erior "entilation is deli"ered directly to $uilding occu ants (the su ly air circulates through the occu ied zone+. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Inade#uate "entilation reduces occu ant comfort! %ell6$eing! and roducti"ity. ="er6"entilation consumes significant amounts of energy %ithout $enefit. Good system design $alances "entilation rates and energy efficiency and does not cost more than con"entional design. 8atural "entilation can $e less e, ensi"e to construct and o erate than mechanical "entilation! $ut it re#uires a ro riate climate! $uilding form! and an en"elo e that ada ts to %inds and solar angles. It re#uires a more com rehensi"e design analysis %ith net%ork airflo% or fluid dynamics com uter modeling. Requirements: 0echanically "entilated systems must ha"e an air change effecti"eness (Eac+ greater than or e#ual to ;.< under %orst6case conditions (largest num$er of occu ants on a heating day+ as determined $y A!<RAE !tandard .74#.442 or according to the recommended design a roaches in A!<RAE 788. Fundamentals Chapter @7, !pace Air (iffusion for each regularly6occu ied room ty e. Gse tracer gas tests after ro&ect construction to test Eac. 8aturally "entilated systems must demonstrate a laminar flo% attern that in"ol"es at least <;I of the room in the direction of air flo% for at least <BI of hours of occu ancy. Test natural "entilation using net%ork airflo% simulation or com utational fluid dynamics modeling to sho% airflo% atterns for occu ied rooms. echnologies and !trategies: 0echanical "entilation uses fans! ducts! and diffusers. It is more relia$le and controlla$le $ut re#uires greater ca ital costs and energy use. 8atural "entilation uses the $uilding form to take ad"antage of %ind atterns and stack effects and uses o era$le %indo%s! "ents! and roof o enings. It ro"ides occu ants %ith indi"idual control and connections to the outdoors. 'om uter modeling is used to design naturally "entilated $uildings to ensure effecti"e airflo% under all o erating conditions. 0i,ed6mode "entilation com$ines natural and mechanical "entilation to ensure effecti"e "entilation regardless of outdoor conditions. Smaller mechanical systems are used to guarantee "entilation %hen outdoor airflo% is less effecti"e or increases the cooling*heating loads. E"aluate the $uilding location! climate! outdoor air #uality! security concerns! and noise sources to determine the a ro riate "entilation a roach. Em loy strategies such as dis lacement "entilation (lo% "elocity "entilation %ith air su ly at the $ottom and return "ents at the to +! under6floor "entilation ( re"ents short6circuiting of airflo% and uses an under6floor lenum %here su ly air tra"els u to ceiling return grills+! and o era$le %indo%s (in com$ination %ith atria or narro% floor lates> use com uter models used to determine their location+. 7entilation systems re#uire commissioning. eam members: 0echanical Engineer! 'ommissioning -gent! 'ontractor FD

Indoor En$ironmental 7uality +redit 3 (3(&-3,)! +onstruction I/7 6anagement Plan 311 During +onstruction De"elo and im lement an I-/ 0anagement Plan for the construction and re6 occu ancy hases of the $uilding to re"ent future I-/ ro$lems. If construction is ongoing %here other areas are occu ied ensure that their I-/ is not affected. 0eet*e,ceed design a roaches of the !heet 'etal and Air Conditional "ational Contractors Association 6!'AC"A9 /A> ,uideline for )ccupied ;uildings under Construction, .445, Chapter @. Protect a$sor ti"e materials (fa$rics! ceiling tiles! gy sum! and car ets+ from moisture and install after 7=' emitting materials ha"e off6 gassed their contaminants. Gse air filters %ith a minimum efficiency re orting "alue (0ER7+ of A at each return air grill as determined $y A!<RAE 57.7#.444. If filters are not used! ensure that the duct%ork and air handlers %ere not used during construction! the .7-' com onents %ere sealed! and all construction dust %as remo"ed rior to occu ancy. Ins ect the $uilding and .7-' systems and correct any deficiencies that could affect the I-/ (moisture! %ater damaged %alls! construction de$ris in ceiling! materials near air intakes+. 31 0esting Before #ccu.ancy De"elo and im lement an I-/ 0anagement Plan for the re6occu ancy hases of the $uilding to re"ent future I-/ ro$lems. Either Install ne% filtration media (after interior finishes installed+ and flush out the $uilding %ith F9;;mR of outdoor air er mH of floor area %hile maintaining an internal tem erature of 3:K' and relati"e humidity less than :;I. Install ne% filtration media (after interior finishes installed+ and flush out the $uilding %ith ;.;FBmR*mH of outdoor air to all occu ied s aces for at least 9 hours rior to occu ancy. During occu ancy flush %ith the greater of ;.;FBmR*mH or the minimum outside air su ly until a total air "olume of F9;;mR*mH has $een ro"ided. =r! 'onduct I-/ testing rior to occu ancy to demonstrate that the ma,imum concentration of contaminants has not $een e,ceeded. Take remedial actions and re eat the rocedure until re#uirements are met.

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Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Building construction rocesses in"aria$ly contaminate the $uilding during construction and often continue to im air air #uality long after occu ancy. .7-' systems are es ecially rone to contamination from 7='s in dust and foster moulds and micro6organisms that can remain in the system for years. 'onstruction management strategies (i.e. rotection of .7-' systems! $uilding flush6out! and I-/ testing+ minimize the otential for $uilding contamination and remediate inad"ertent contamination. 2lush6out re#uires additional energy use! cost! and coordination> ho%e"er the health $enefits are significant. 'onstruction management can also e,tend the lifetime of the "entilation system. Requirements: 2ollo% !heet 'etal and Air Conditional "ational Contractors Association 6!'AC"A9 /A> ,uideline for )ccupied ;uildings under Construction, .445, Chapter @ and A!<RAE 57.7#.444 guidelines and re#uirements. echnologies and !trategies: The design team may draft the I-/ 0anagement lan! $ut the general contractor is ultimately res onsi$le for its im lementation. The lan should address rotecting the system during construction and cleaning u %hen construction is com lete. Ensure that all construction artici ants and su$contractors are trained in I-/ rocedures. I-/ management control measures include) .7-' Protection) Shut do%n the return side of the .7-' system during hea"y construction or demolition and seal o enings. Re air leaks in ducts and air handlers rom tly. If the "entilation system must $e o erated during construction it should $e fitted %ith tem orary filters. Source 'ontrol) S ecify finish materials (i.e. aints! car et! com osite %ood! and adhesi"es+ %ith lo% 7=' le"els. S ecify control measures for materials that are no,ious. Path%ay Interru tion) Isolate %ork areas using ressure differentials and "entilate using 3;;I outside air during the installation of 7=' emitting materials. .ousekee ing) Institute cleaning acti"ities (es ecially for .7-'+ to remo"e contaminants from the $uilding rior to occu ancy. Protect materials from %eather and store in a clean area rior to installation. 'lean all filters and fans $efore testing. Scheduling) 'om lete the a lication of %et! odorous! and 7=' emitting materials $efore installing a$sor$ent 4sink5 materials. Re lace materials that %ere directly e, osed to moisture. 2lush6out) 'onduct a minimum t%o6%eek flush6out rior to occu ancy. I-/ Testing) - LEED accredited I-/ testing contractor must test the I-/ of at least : sam ling locations (%ith at least one outdoor location near an air intake+ o"er the eriod of one o erating day. Pollutants to $e testing include car$on dio,ide! air tem erature and humidity! car$on mono,ide! sus ended articulate matter! formaldehyde! and total 7='s. ?here ma,imum concentration limits are e,ceeded! mitigate ollutant sources and conduct a artial $uilding flush6out. eam members: 'ontractor! 0echanical Engineer! Interior Designer

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Indoor En$ironmental 7uality +redit ) (3,&-351! Lo% Emitting 6aterials Reduce the #uantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous! irritating! or harmful to material installers and occu ants. This credit a lies to materials and adhesi"es used %ithin the %eather roofing layer of the $uilding en"elo e including duct sealers. Prefa$ricated com onents manufactured off6site are not su$&ect to 7=' re#uirements> ho%e"er affi,ed case%ork or finishes may not contain urea6formaldehyde resins. Re#uiring that sho a lied aints! coatings! and adhesi"es also meet these re#uirements could $e eligi$le for an Inno"ation P Design credit. )11 /d2esi$es and Sealants Select adhesi"es! sealants! and sealant rimers %ith a 7=' content (measured in grams er litre+ lo%er than the !tate of California0s !outh Coast Air >ualit+ 'anagement (istrict 6!CA>'(9 Rule A..-3, )ctober 788@ re#uirements. List all adhesi"es and sealants and clearly identify their roduct emissions rates. )1 Paints and +oatings 7=' emissions from aints must not e,ceed the com onent limits of ,reen !eal0s !tandard ,!#.., Banuar+ .442 re#uirements. 7=' content of anti6corrosi"e coatings used must $e less than the content limits of ,reen !eal0s !tandard ,!#8@, 'a+ .44- re#uirements. The 7=' content of all other rimers! under6coatings! sealers! and clear %ood finishes must $e less than the content limits of the !CA>'( Rule A...@, "ovember .44- re#uirements. If a ro&ect is forced to use small #uantities of non6 com lying aint! the o"erall a"erage 7=' of all aint roducts must $e $elo% the allo%ed limit. List all interior aints and coatings and clearly identify their 7=' contents. )13 +ar.et 'ar et systems must meet or e,ceed the re#uirements of the Carpet and Rug /nstitute0s ,reen $abel /ndoor Air >ualit+ est %rogram. List all car et systems used in the $uilding and identify their roduct emission factors (measured in mg*mH+. )1) +om.osite ;ood and Laminate /d2esi$es 'om osite %ood and agrifi$re roducts (including core materials+ must not contain added urea6formaldehyde resins. Laminate adhesi"es must not contain urea6 formaldehyde. List all com osite %ood roducts and laminating adhesi"es! state their roduct emission rates! and demonstrate that they do not contain urea6formaldehyde or urea6formaldehyde resins.

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Environmental Concerns/Advantages: 'ertain $uilding roducts contain com ounds that negati"ely im act occu ant health! I-/! and the en"ironment. The most rominent of these com ounds is "olatile organic com ounds (7='s+ %hich contri$ute to smog ($y reacting %ith sunlight and nitrogen to form ground6le"el ozone+ and ha"e ad"erse affects on human health after rolonged e, osure ($y damaging the lungs+. Im ro"ing I-/ %ill im ro"e occu ant comfort! health! and roducti"ity. 7='s are commonly resent in adhesi"es! aints and coatings! car et systems! com osite %ood! and agrifi$re roducts. Some lo%67=' roducts may $e difficult to o$tain or may $e slightly more e, ensi"e than con"entional materials> ho%e"er! these challenges are receding as lo%67=' roducts $ecome more common lace. Requirements: -ll standards and re#uirements from !CA>'(! ,reen !eal0s !tandards! and the Carpet and Rug /nstitute are summarized in ta$les on ages 9D<69AB. ?here a ro&ect must use a small amount of aints or adhesi"es that contain 7='s! a 47=' $udget5 can $e used. Define the a lication rates for the roduct and the #uantity that %ill $e re#uired to create a $ase6line case. 'om are the amount of 7='s of the $aseline case %ith the sum of all 7='s s ecified in the design case. This credit %ill $e a%arded if the 7=' limit of the design is lo%er than that of the $aseline case. echnologies and !trategies: Include criteria for lo%67=' materials in a ro&ect outline s ecification! aying s ecial attention to materials that %ill $e e, osed to indoor air. Research and s ecify lo%67=' roducts $ased on dura$ility! erformance! and en"ironmental characteristics and re#uest emissions test data from roduct manufacturers if not included on 0aterial Sefety Data Sheets (0SDSs+. 0onitor emission le"els in the $uilding during installation! rior to occu ation! and o"er the lifetime of the $uilding. eam members: Lo%67=' Product 0anufacturers

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Indoor En$ironmental 7uality +redit & (35 -35(! Indoor +2emical * Pollutant Source +ontrol Design to minimize ollutant cross6contamination of regularly occu ied areas to reduce occu ant e, osure to hazardous articulates! $iological contaminants! and chemical ollutants that ad"ersely im act air and %ater #uality. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: 'ertain common $uilding acti"ities ha"e negati"e im acts on I-/. =ccu ants entering the $uilding may $ring in contaminants on their shoes or clothing and acti"ities such as hotoco ying and mi,ing housekee ing li#uids can contri$ute significantly to air$orne contaminants. -dditional materials! energy! and cost may $e re#uired to control indoor ollutants> ho%e"er! ro er management of chemicals can re"ent chemical s ills that %ould other%ise harm ecosystems and %ildlife and re#uire costly cleanu . Requirements: E,terior e,haust "entilation for segregated zones must $e ro"ided at a rate of <.@mR*hr*mH %ith discharge oints located a%ay from air intakes. 8egati"e ressure zones must $e maintained at an a"erage of B Pa com ared to surrounding s aces and a minimum of 3 Pa %hen doors are closed and at an a"erage of D Pa at all times %here this strategy is the only one em loyed to o$tain this credit. E,hausting more air from an o en s ace than is su lied does not roduce sufficient negati"e ressure. echnologies and !trategies: Design all entrances %ith ermanent entry%ay systems (i.e. grills! grates! etc.+ to ca ture dirt and articulates at all high "olume entry%ays from the outdoors and e,terior courtyards. Design e,terior surfaces to drain a%ay from the $uilding and landsca ing at entrances to $e lo% maintenance %ith close access to %ater and o%er for cleaning. ?here hazardous gases or chemicals are resent (garages! housekee ing*laundry areas! co ying* rinting rooms+ ro"ide segregated areas %ith secure storage for all e#ui ment and roducts. Pro"ide self6closing doors! deck to deck artitions (or continuous hard gy sum $oard ceilings+! se arated outside e,haust "entilation! no air6 recirculation! and negati"e ressure to segregated areas. Ty ical laundry rooms in multi6 unit residential $uildings do not need dedicated e,hausts unless they are also used to store or mi, hazardous chemicals such as &anitorial su lies. Gse of con"enience co iers and rinters should $e minimized. Pro"ide sinks and containment drains lum$ed for a ro riate dis osal of hazardous li#uid %astes in laces %here %ater and chemical mi,ing occurs for maintenance*la$oratory ur oses. Encourage o erations and maintenance training rograms for chemical use and storage. Re lace all filtration media rior to occu ancy %ith filters that ha"e a minimum efficiency re orting "alue (0ER7+ of 39 as determined $y A!<RAE 57.7#.444 (e,ce t in non6occu ied conditioned s aces that are sealed and maintained at a lo%er ressure+. eam members: 0echanical Engineer

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Indoor En$ironmental 7uality +redit ( (35,-)8,! +ontrolla"ility of Systems Pro"ide a high le"el of thermal! "entilation! and lighting systems control $y indi"idual occu ants or s ecific grou s in multi6occu ant s aces (class rooms! conference areas+ in regularly occu ied areas to romote roducti"ity and comfort of occu ants. Regularly occu ied s aces include areas %here occu ants are e, ected to $e found for e,tended eriods in the course of their regular use (i.e. %ork s aces! meeting areas! cafeterias! etc.+ and circulation zones in o en room arrangements. In o en floor lans di"ide the area into erimeter (%ithin F.Bm+ and non6 erimeter zones. 8on6 regularly occu ied s aces include hall%ays! lo$$ies! su ort areas (co ying+! e#ui ment and storage areas! and restrooms. Lighting controls are re#uired for all hard6%ired lighting! $ut not lug6in task lighting unless it is ro"ided as a art of the design and construction contracts. Indi"idual thermostats used to control $ase$oard heaters must $e accurate and a$le to ro"ide good control. Include information regarding the location of remote thermostats! the recision of tem erature control! and ho% tem erature readings are indicated to the occu ants. (11 Perimeter S.aces Pro"ide at least an a"erage of one o era$le %indo% and one lighting control zone er 3A.BmH for all regularly occu ied areas %ithin F.Bm of the erimeter %all. Residential multi6family ro&ects can attain this credit %ith o era$le %indo%s and hard6%ired lighting controls. (1 :on-Perimeter S.aces Pro"ide controls for each indi"idual for airflo%! tem erature! and lighting for at least B;I of the occu ants in non6 erimeter! regularly occu ied areas.

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Environmental Concerns/Advantages: 'on"entional $uildings are designed as sealed en"ironments %ith no occu ant control. Indi"idual controls (i.e. thermostats! "ents! o era$le %indo%s! and shading de"ices+ allo% occu ants to customize their indoor en"ironment! %hich increases occu ant comfort and conser"es energy. Indi"idual controls can increase first costs> ho%e"er! the cost is usually offset $y energy sa"ings from lo%er conditioned tem eratures! natural "entilation! and less solar gain. =ccu ants must $e educated on the design and function of ersonal controls to minimize the occurrence of control a$use resulting in increased energy costs. Requirements: 'alculate re#uirements for erimeter! non6 erimeter! and multi6occu ant areas se arately. 'alculate erimeter areas $y offsetting the outer %all $y F.Bm and include only regularly occu ied areas. If DBI or more of a room is contained %ithin the F.Bm offset line it is considered erimeter. If less than DBI of the room is contained %ithin the offset line then only the area %ithin the F.Bm is erimeter s ace. 2or grou multi6 occu ant s aces connected to the e,terior %here less than DBI of the area is %ithin F.Bm of the outer %all! the s ace must meet the non6 erimeter re#uirements in addition to ro"iding one o era$le %indo% er 3A.BmH of erimeter floor area. 2or erimeter s aces ro"ide 3 o era$le %indo% and 3 lighting control zone er 3A.BmH. 2or non6 erimeter s aces ro"ide airflo%! tem erature! and lighting controls for B;I of the occu ants ($ased on the floor area and the occu ancy densities in A!<RAE -7#788.+. 2or grou multi6occu ant s aces meet the re#uirements of o era$le %indo%s according to erimeter s ace calculations. Perimeter s aces must ha"e o era$le %indo%s and lighting controls. 8on6 erimeter s aces must ha"e lighting controls! airflo%! and tem erature controls. Pro"ide at least 9 lighting controls! 3 airflo% control! and 3 tem erature control for e"ery <9;mH of s ace. =ccu ancy sensors! daylighting controls! dimmers! and automatic off s%itches count as @ se arate controls. -irflo% and tem erature controls must $e easily accessi$le and ad&usta$le. echnologies and !trategies: S ace lanning! lighting! and .7-' must $e integrated early in the design. Decide %hether o era$le %indo%s (the most desira$le feature re#uested $y occu ants+ are to $e used for "ie%s! daylighting! cooling! and*or "entilation to determine their referred size! orientation! as ect ratio! and o era$ility. 0echanical systems should $e e#ui ed %ith sensors and controls to ad&ust the e#ui ment to accommodate natural "entilation and notify occu ants %hen %indo%s need to $e closed. Sim le on6off light s%itches %ill satisfy the credit1s control re#uirement> ho%e"er! more so histicated occu ancy and dimming controls result in increased roducti"ity and energy conser"ation. Su$6s%itch large am$ient lighting zones and ro"ide task6lighting. ?hen ada ting a traditional 7-7 system either use a 3)3@ controller to occu ant ratio or under6 floor air distri$ution system %ith controlla$le floor registers. eam members: 0echanical and Electrical Engineers

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Indoor En$ironmental 7uality +redit , ()8--)1-! 02ermal +omfort Pro"ide a thermally comforta$le en"ironment that su %ell6$eing of occu ants. orts the roducti"ity and

,11 +om.liance %it2 /S9R/E &&- 88) 'om ly %ith A!<RAE !tandard 55#7881, hermal Comfort Conditions for <uman )ccupanc+. The standard is $ased on the %ide range of factors affecting comfort and ro"ides guidance for indoor thermal comfort conditions and design on the effects of radiant tem eratures! natural "entilation! ele"ated air s eed and drafts! radiant asymmetry! "ertical air tem erature differences! floor surface tem eratures! and time "ariation of air tem eratures. ,1 6onitoring Pro"ide a ermanent monitoring system to ensure $uilding erforms to comfort criteria determined $y A!<RAE !tandard 55#7881, hermal Comfort Conditions for <uman )ccupanc+. 'onfirm that the tem erature! airflo%! and humidity controls (if re#uired+ %ere tested %ith E- Prere#uisite 3) 2undamental Building Systems 'ommissioning.

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Environmental Concerns/Advantages: In order to ro"ide the desired indoor climate %hile reducing the amount of energy re#uired! the $uilding en"elo e must $e designed to manage airflo%! moisture! and heat. = timal comfort ranges de end on tem erature and humidity as %ell as occu ant acti"ity le"els! clothing! air s eed! and radiant tem eratures of surrounding surfaces. Designing the en"elo e! $uilding form! and mechanical systems to integrate occu ant needs! desires! and acti"ities (ad&usting conditions to address seasonal clothing+ can result in lo%er loads! smaller e#ui ment! and reduced fuel consum tion %hile ro"iding greater thermal comfort. Requirements: A!<RAE !tandard 55#7881 ro"ides ranges and e, ected "alues for the "arious arameters that affect occu ant comfort that in com$ination ro"ide a comforta$le en"ironment. echnologies and !trategies: Limit some arameters to a narro% range and mani ulate others to create design comfort le"els. To decrease energy use and mechanical e#ui ment re#uired design the $uilding en"elo e) to $e airtight to a"oid undesired airflo%s (carefully detail return air and su ly lenums+> to use shading! insulation and thermal mass to manage interior surface tem eratures> and to manage the flo% of %ater and "a our to re"ent uncontrolled interior humidification and condensation. Gnderstand and account for internal heat gains from lights! lug loads! and occu ants. Plan dehumidification and humidification $ased on sychrometric analysis of e,treme and ty ical o erating conditions. Enhance dehumidification %ith s lit6faced staged cooling coils and desiccant systems and ensure that acti"e humidification systems do not cause condensation ro$lems. Install monitoring e#ui ment that is integrated %ith the central system or indi"idual stand6alone monitors. Design landsca ing and shading de"ices to reduce tem erature eaks. -nalyze and design natural "entilation systems carefully %ith com uter simulation flo%s and allo% for occu ant control of cool $reezes! %arm air! and humidity le"els. Incor orate o era$le %indo%s! narro% floor lates for cross and single6side "entilation! interior zones %ith t%o or more e, osures and %ind ressure regimes! atria or %ind to%ers designed to dra% or introduce air to the $uilding! trickle "entilators to ro"ide minimum "entilation under e,treme conditions! and $uilding controls to ensure comforta$le airflo%. 8atural "entilation re#uires colla$oration $et%een architects! modellers! and mechanical engineers. Gse mi,ed6mode "entilation for eak o erating conditions. eam members: 0echanical Engineer

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Indoor En$ironmental 7uality +redit - ()15-)3 ! Daylig2t and 4ie%s Pro"ide $uilding occu ants %ith a connection to the outdoors %ith daylighting and "ie%s for all regularly occu ied areas of the $uilding. 2or ro&ects %hose sco e e,cludes areas for future tenant im ro"ements should address the re#uirements for finished interior s aces and should ro"ide guidelines for the rest of the shell to achie"e similar erformance. These credits only a ly to hard construction in the original sco e of %ork! and furniture $rought in $y occu ants (including mo$ile artitions+ is not considered %hen com leting the gra hic ins ection. -11 Daylig2t ,&< of S.aces -chie"e a minimum Daylight 2actor of @I (e,cluding direct sunlight enetration+ or achie"e at least @B; Lu, (@B footcandles+ in DBI of all regularly occu ied areas %ith the aid of a com uter simulation model. E,ce tions for areas %here tasks are hindered $y the use of daylight %ill $e considered. -1 4ie%s for 58< of S.aces -chie"e direct line of sight to "ision glazing for $uilding occu ants in <;I of all regularly occu ied areas. -reas directly connected to erimeter %indo%s must ha"e a glazing6to6floor area ration of at least ;.;D. Parts of the floor area %ith a horizontal "ie% angle of less than 3;K at 3.@Dm a$o"e the floor cannot $e included in the calculations. -reas not directly connected to erimeter %indo%s must ha"e a "ie% angle of at least 3;K at 3.@Dm in"ol"ing B;I or more of the floor area (if a room meets this re#uirement then the entire room area is considered to meet the re#uirement+. Skylights! roof monitors! and "ision glazing that is art of an atrium do not #ualify for "ie%s to the outdoors unless they can $e seen at an angle of 3;K or more at 3.@Dm.

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Environmental Concerns/Advantages: Daylighting im ro"es the indoor en"ironment $y e, osing occu ants to natural light! dramatically increasing occu ant roducti"ity and reducing energy costs and its associated en"ironmental im acts ($y B;6A;I+. 7ie%s to the outdoors are an im ortant factor in occu ant satisfaction! roducti"ity and health. 7ie%s ease eyestrain for com uter %orkers (the com$ination of short and long6range "ie%s allo%s the eye to refocus+! reduce de ression! and aid %ith ain relief $y connecting occu ants to their natural surroundings. -dditional glazing increases initial costs! leads to heat gain! ro"ides less thermal insulation! and re#uires additional maintenance> ho%e"er! it can significantly reduce artificial lighting energy costs and add to the $uilding1s "alue. Requirements: Daylighting) The Daylight 2actor (D2+ is the ratio of e,terior illumination to interior illumination for all regularly occu ied s aces. It can $e determined through com uter simulation or %ith the follo%ing calculations. Determine the floor area of each a lica$le room! calculate the %indo% area! indicate the acce ta$le %indo% ty es ( able . : p.1729! and insert the a ro riate geometry and height factors (indicates effecti"eness of a erture+ and actual and minimum "isi$le transmittance (T"is) the recommended le"el of transmittance+ into Equation . : p.17- to determine the D2. 2or rooms %ith more than 3 %indo%! sum %indo% ty es to determine D2. -dd the area of all rooms %ith a D2 of @I or higher and di"ide $y the total area of occu ied s aces. If the ercentage is greater than DBI then the $uilding #ualifies for 'redit A.3. -lso! record the glare control used for each %indo%. 7ie%s) .ighlight areas on floor lans that ha"e a direct line of sight! taking into consideration %all thickness. Identify non6"ie% areas (%here the horizontal "ie% angle is less than 3;K+. If the "ie% area is <;I of the room area the area of the entire room is a lica$le to the credit. Sum the area of all a lica$le rooms and di"ide $y the total area of occu ied s aces> if this is greater than <;I the $uilding #ualifies for 'redit A.@. echnologies and !trategies: Daylighting design in"ol"es a careful $alance of heat gain and loss and glare control. Determine if daylighting and "ie%s are feasi$le and a ro riate for the $uilding rogram. =rient the $uilding on the site to ma,imize daylighting and design the $uilding %ith shallo% floor lates. -chie"e dee daylight enetration %ith courtyards! atriums! clerestory %indo%s! skylights! interior light shel"es! e,terior fins! and lou"ers. Determine the lighting targets for different daylight zones and integrate daylighting %ith electrical lighting systems (%ith hoto6res onsi"e controls that allo% continuous6 dimming control to transition from natural to artificial light+. 'ontrol glare %ith light shel"es! lou"ers! $linds! fins! shades! reflectant interior surfaces! and ro er %indo% sizing! s acing! and glass selection. ?indo%s a$o"e @.9m are considered daylight glazing as they are the most effecti"e at distri$uting light to the $ack of the s ace. ?indo%s from ;.DBm6@.9m are considered "ision glazing (%indo%s $elo% ;.DBm do not contri$ute to daylighting+. 'om uter modeling should $e used to simulate daylighting conditions of interior s aces and account for the com$ined effects of multi le %indo%s. eam members: Electrical Engineers! Lighting Designers BA

Inno$ation * Design Process #$er$ie% ()33! Sustaina$le design strategies are constantly e"ol"ing and im ro"ing! ne% technologies are constantly $eing introduced! and u 6to6date scientific research continues to influence $uilding design. Inno"ation P Design recognizes ro&ects %ith inno"ati"e $uilding features! that greatly e,ceed the re#uirements in an e,isting LEED 'redit! or that address sustaina$le $uilding strategies not addressed $y any other LEED 'redits. It also re%ards green $uilding e, ertise! %hich is essential to the design and construction rocess.

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Inno$ation * Design Process +redit 1 ()3)-)35! Inno$ation in Design This credit a%ards oints to ro&ects that demonstrate e,ce tional erformance a$o"e LEED 'redits re#uirements and*or inno"ati"e erformance in green $uilding categories not s ecifically addressed $y LEED (includes $uilding design as %ell as o erational ractices+. - ro&ect that acti"ely educates the u$lic a$out sustaina$le design is also eligi$le for this credit. It could educate occu ants and "isitors of the $enefits of green $uildings through signage and "ie%s to s ecial e#ui ment. 0anuals! guidelines! or case studies could $e de"elo ed to inform other designers $ased on the successes of the ro&ect. The ro&ect could incor orate a "isitor1s centre %ith guided tours to demonstrate the ro&ect as an e,am le of sustaina$le li"ing. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: LEED %as de"ised to address current sustaina$ility issues in commercial $uildings. .o%e"er! the $uilding industry is constantly changing and designers should stay a$reast of ne% de"elo ments! strategies! and technologies. ?hen ado ting a ne% strategy or technology! consider its related im acts on the en"ironment! occu ant %ell6 $eing! the community! and the ro&ect $udget. -lso! a ro&ect that achie"es e,em lary erformance can ha"e su$stantial en"ironmental $enefits. Requirements: Generally ID credits are a%arded for dou$ling the re#uirements or achie"ing the ne,t incremental ercentage threshold. 8o single strategy can achie"e more than one oint. Inno"ati"e strategies not co"ered $y LEED must in"ol"e a ma&or ortion of the ro&ect and ha"e significant en"ironmental and occu ant $enefits to $e a lica$le. echnologies and !trategies: The achie"ement of an ID credit must $e sufficiently documented using the LEED 'redit e#ui"alence rocess. 2rame any ro osed ID 'IRs and su$missions as if they %ere a ne% 'redit ro osal. Include the intent of the ro osed inno"ation 'redit! the ro osed re#uirement for com liance! the ro osed su$mittals to demonstrate com liance (initial and audited+! and the design a roach that might $e used to meet the re#uirements. Re#uirements should define erformance %ith su$stantial and measura$le $enefits as com ared to mainstream ractice. Su$mittals can include narrati"es descri$ing design features! com arisons $et%een the design and $aseline case! life6cycle analysis! and manufacturers1 information on roducts and technologies.

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Inno$ation * Design Process +redit ())8-))1! LEED /ccredited Professional =ne rinci al artici ant of the ro&ect team must successfully com lete the LEED -ccredited Professional e,am in order to su ort and encourage the design integration re#uired $y LEED ro&ects and streamline the a lication and certification rocess. The LEED -ccredited Professions should she herd the design rocess and maintain focus on green $uilding goals throughout the ro&ect. Environmental Concerns/Advantages: LEED -ccredited Professionals ha"e the e, ertise re#uired to design a $uilding to LEED standards and coordinate the re#uired documentation rocess. .e or she understands the im ortance of integrated design and all Prere#uisites and 'redits. .e or she should $e the cham ion for the ro&ect1s LEED a lication and should $e an integral mem$er of the ro&ect design team. Requirements: -t least one rinci al artici ant of the ro&ect team must successfully com lete the e,am rior to a lication for certification. =nly 3 oint is attaina$le regardless of ho% many LEED -ccredited Professionals are on the team. echnologies and !trategies: To re are for the e,am it is hel ful to attend a LEED %orksho offered $y the 'aGB'. eam members: LEED -ccredited Professional

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