The Rise and Rule of Single Party States Questions from Past IB Exams Topic 3 Paper Two

1. "Single party regimes emerged in Europe between the wars in countries where traditions of democracy were short and unfamiliar and where a democratic system had failed to find solutions to current problems." How appropriate and how adequate is this explanation? 2. hy did single party systems replace multi!party systems in so many "frican countries after the achie#ement of independence? $onsider two countries where single party regimes emerged. %. "Single party go#ernment is incompatible with democracy." How far does the history of the twentieth century pro#ide e#idence to suggest that this &udgment is not always correct? '. " hereas in Europe single party states ha#e tended to be reactionary( in "frica and "sia they ha#e usually been re#olutionary." $onsider the #alidity of this assertion with reference to single party regimes in Europe and in E)*HE+ "frica or "sia. ,. hat claims and &ustification ha#e the rulers of E)*HE+ -a. /ascist 0+ -b. $ommunist states put forward for setting up single party rule? 1. Single party regimes in "frica often de#eloped from the mass parties that campaigned for independence. )dentify * 0 examples of this transition and explain the problems faced by these parties once independence has been achie#ed. 2. $ompare and contrast the methods used by 3iang 3ieshi -$hiang 4ai!She5. and 6ao 7edong - 6ao *se!tung. in tac5ling the political( social( and economic problems of $hina. 8. How successful was any 09E of the following in impro#ing the quality of life and promoting greater equality in his country: -a. ;amal "bdul 9asser< -b. 3uan =eron< -c. 3osip >ro? *ito? @. "*he establishment of one party states has in#ariably been a desperate response to a political crisis." E#aluate this statement with reference to 09E European state before the Second orld ar and 09E non!European state after the Second orld ar. 1A. B)n most cases...the single party state declined in effect into a no!party state.B $onsider this statement with reference to any * 0 single party states in "frica( "sia( 0+ Catin "merica. 11. B*he glorification of the leader and the nation ine#itably leads to the de#aluation of the indi#idual and the destruction of human rights in the single party state.B How far is this a fair comment? "nswer with examples from * 0 regions. 12. *o what extent can you call the rule of ;eneral /ranco in Spain a fascist dictatorship?

1%. How( why( and with what consequences did Stalin distort the role of the $ommunist =arty in the So#iet Dnion? 1'. How successful were the following in sol#ing $hinaBs economic problems -a. 3iang 3ieshi -$hiang 4ai! She5.( 1@28 to 1@'@( and< -b. 6ao 7edong -6ao *se!tung.( 1@'@ to 1@21? 1,. *he +oman understanding of dictatorship! an efficient temporary arrangement for dealing with a specific crisis!is that often quoted by dictators of the twentieth century. $hoose any non!European dictatorship( and analyse its aims and performance in the light of this +oman definition. 11. *o what extent is organi?ation more important than ideology in the rise of single party states? Eiscuss( with references to * 0 single party states each chosen from a different region. 12. $hoose * 0 from the following: 3oseph Stalin< 3uan =eron< ;amal "bdul 9asser< 3ulius 9yerere. *o what extent did the two leaders you ha#e chosen pursue a clear and consistent economic policy( or was economic policy shaped purely by political calculation? 18. B)t was the economic( political( and religious polarisation of society( and the failure to find and support a middle ground( which brought the dictators to power in Europe between wars.B )s this a #alid assessment of the situation that brought >0*H 6ussolini "9E /ranco to power? 1@. B" purge is a necessary characteristic of the single party state(B *o what extent do any * 0 single party states each chosen from a different region illustrate this contention. 2A. )n 1@'' 6ao 7edong -6ao *se!tung. wrote( B)f we ha#e shortcomings we are not afraid to ha#e them pointed out and criticised.B How far did his subsequent policy support this statement? 21. )n what ways did Hitler follow the aims and ideologies that he had set out in 6ein 4ampf? 22. How far can single party regimes be &ustified by the changed economic and social conditions that sometimes follow their establishment? Dse examples from at least * 0 different regions. 2%. $ompare and contrast the circumstances that ga#e rise to the regimes of 3uan =eron and /idel $astro in Catin "merica. 2'. )n what ways can dictatorships of the +ight and Ceft be most clearly distinguished from each other? Dse examples from at least * 0 different regions. 2,. *he expansion of communism after the Second orld ar ga#e rise to se#eral different brands of Bnational communismB. Eescribe the ma&or differences between the theory and practice of So#iet $ommunism and 09E of the following: *itoism< $astroism< 6aoism. 21. hat are the common factors in the rise of single party states in de#eloped and de#eloping countries? >e specific in your answer. 22. hy was there so little resistance to HitlerBs rule within ;ermany?

28. BSingle party states need enemies. E#en when enemies do not exist( it is necessary to in#ent them.B How far has this been true for * 0 single party states each chosen from a different region.

2@. BEespite the appearance of order and discipline( 9a?i go#ernment was poorly organised.B How far do you agree with this statement? %A. "fter 1@%@ did /rancisco /ranco heal the wounds that had resulted from the Spanish $i#il from the di#isions it had created? %1. hy did single party systems replace multi!party systems in so many new "frican nations? ar( or profit

%2. BSingle party states in Europe did little to impro#e the position of women< outside Europe they allowed women to play a fuller role in society.B How accurate is this assertion? %%. "ccount for the rise to power of either 3uan =eron or /rancisco /ranco( and assess the impact upon either "rgentina or Spain of your chosen ruler. %'. *o what extent is it true to say that a successful economic policy is the most important factor for a single party ruler to remain in power? Examples should be gi#en from two countries each chosen from a different region. %,. $ompare and contrast the foreign policies of two rulers of single party states( each chosen from a different region. %1. *o what extent was Hitler a.responsible for( and b. dri#en by the ideological beliefs of 9a?ism? %2. How far would you agree that single party states ha#e been more interested in controlling minds of young people than in pro#iding genuine education? %8. BSingle party states use education as propaganda to obtain support rather than to instil -increase. 5nowledge.B How far do you agree with this &udgement? %@. )n what ways and for what reasons did $hina de#elop its own brand of 6arxismF$ommunism under 6ao 7edong? 'A. *o what extent was Spain under /ranco -1@%@ to 1@2,. a /ascist state? '1. How far is it true to say that a successful foreign policy is the most important factor for a single party ruler to remain in power? Examples should be gi#en from two countries each chosen from a different region. '2. B)n the twentieth century right!wing Single =arty states ha#e often been the result of a conser#ati#e reaction to change whilst left!wing Single =arty States ha#e achie#ed power as the outcome of a re#olutionary process against tradition.B Dsing examples from at least two regions explain how far you agree with this quotation.