VMware Vsphere Bootcamp Ebook

VMware vSphere Bootcamp Overview 2012
VMware vCenter Server
2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
vCenter Server: Management Platform
vCenter Server provides a central administration point for ESXi hosts and virtual machines
VMware vCenter Server
Up to 1,000 hosts per vCenter Server instance Up to 10,000 powered-on virtual machines per vCenter Server instance
Manage
VMware vSphere
VMware vSphere
VMware vSphere
VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

vCenter Architecture
* *
ESXi host
ESXi host
ESXi host
* NIS also supported

vCenter Server Components

Active Directory / NIS Services
distributed services
Additional Services : Update manager Orchestrator
database server
user access control
core services
VMware ESX/ESXi management
vSphere API

vCenter Server Deployment options

Virtual Appliance based vCenter Server
Deployed as a virtual appliance that runs the SuSE Linux operating system Reasons to use this deployment option:
No operating system license required Simple configuration using web browser Offers same user experience as Windows-based deployment
Windows-based vCenter Server
-OR-
Can be deployed on a physicial host or virtual machine Reasons to use this deployment option:
physical host
Staff trained only on Windows operating systems Prefer to use a physical host
Before Installing vCenter Server
Before beginning the vCenter Server installation, make sure that the following prerequisites are met: Ensure that vCenter Server hardware and software requirements are met. Ensure that the vCenter Server system belongs to a domain rather than a workgroup. Create a vCenter Server database, unless you are using the default database.

vCenter Server Hardware and Software Requirements
Hardware requirements (physical or virtual machine): Number of CPUs Two 64-bit CPUs or one 64-bit dual-core processor Processor 2.0GHz or higher Intel or AMD processor* Memory 4GB RAM minimum* Disk storage 4GB minimum* Networking Gigabit connection recommended * Higher if database runs on the same machine Software requirements: 64-bit operating system is required. See VMware Product Interoperability Matrixes at http://partnerweb.vmware.com/comp_guide2/sim/interop_matrix.php

vCenter Database Requirements

Each vCenter Server instance must have a connection to a database to organize all the configuration data. Default database Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Express: Bundled with vCenter Server Used for product evaluations and demos Also used for small deployments (up to five hosts and 50 virtual machines) Supported databases: Microsoft SQL Server 2005 SP3 (required)
SP4 recommended Microsoft SQL Server 2008
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 Express Oracle 10g R2 and 11g IBM DB2 9.5 and 9.7

Installing vCenter Server and Its Components
DEMO
Use the VMware vCenter Installer to install vCenter Server and its components.
Install vCenter Server. Install VMware vSphere Update Manager
Install VMware vSphere Client.

Standalone Instance or Linked Mode Group
DEMO

vCenter Server Installation Wizard
DEMO
The vCenter Server Installation wizard asks for the following data.
Parameter User name and organization License key Database information SYSTEM account information Destination folder Standalone or join a Linked Mode group Ports JVM memory Ephemeral port configuration Description User identification Evaluation or valid license key Default database or remote database connection information User for running the vCenter Server service Software location Standalone instance or enable two or more vCenter Server inventories to be visible from the vSphere Client Ports used for communicating with client interfaces and managed hosts JVM memory configuration for the vCenter Server Web service Select if vCenter Server will manage hosts that power on more than 2000 virtual machines simultaneously

vCenter Server Services
DEMO
After vCenter Server is installed, a number of services start upon reboot and can be managed from the Windows Control Panel (Administrative Tools > Services).

Logging into vCenter Server
DEMO
To log in to vCenter Server: Launch the vSphere Client Enter the hostname or IP address of the vCenter Server system Windows user and password (Optional) Use your Windows session credentials.

Navigating the vSphere Client

Datacenter Object

Organizing Inventory Objects into Folders

Adding a Host to the vCenter Server Inventory
To add an ESXi host to the vCenter Server inventory, use the Add Host wizard and specify: Fully qualified domain name User name and password Lockdown mode enabled

vCenter License Overview

Licenses are managed and monitored from vCenter Server. Licensing consists of: Product License to use a vSphere software component or feature License key 25-character string that corresponds to a product Asset Machine on which a product is installed
product license key assets

Default vCenter Server Plug-Ins

vCenter Server is installed with a set of default plug-ins. To install a new plug-in, select Plug-ins > Plug-in Manager in the vSphere Client.

VMware Education Services

Over 500 training centers in 60 countries Direct and VMware Authorized Training Centers Instructor-led Classroom Instructor-led, Live Online Private Onsite eLearning Find Us Online vmware.com/education vmware.com/certification facebook.com/vmwareeducation

Installing VMware ESXi 5
ESXi Hardware Prerequisites

Processor 64-bit x86 CPU:
All AMD Opteron processors All Intel Xeon 3000/3200, 3100/3300, 5100/5300, 5200/5400, 5500/5600, 7100/7300, 7200/7400, and 7500 processors Up to 160 logical CPUs (cores or hyperthreads)
Memory 2GB RAM minimum One or more Ethernet controllers: Gigabit or 10Gb Ethernet controllers are supported. For best performance and security, use separate Ethernet controllers for the management network and the virtual machine networks. A SCSI adapter, Fibre Channel adapter, converged network adapter, iSCSI adapter, or internal RAID controller A SCSI disk, Fibre Channel LUN, iSCSI disk, or RAID LUN with unpartitioned space: SATA, SCSI, SAS
Disk storage:

Installing ESXi 5.0

Install Option
Host name Install Location Keyboard Language VLAN ID IP Address Subnet Mask Gateway Primary DNS Root Password
Required/ Optional
Required Required Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional
Default Selection
None None U.S. English None DHCP Calculated based on IP address Based on IP address and subnet mask Based on IP address and subnet mask None
Comments
Must be at least 5GB if you install the components on a single disk.
VLAN ID Range: 0 through 4094 Configure a static IP address or use DHCP to configure the network. IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS network settings can be changed after installation. Secondary DNS server can also be defined. Must contain between 6 and 64 characters.

Installing ESXi
You must have the ESXi 5.0 ISO file on CD or DVD media. Boot from the CD or DVD to start the ESXi installer. Make sure that you select a disk that is not formatted with VMware vSphere VMFS.
Choose a volume that has not been formatted with VMFS.

Boot from SAN
VMware ESXi
ESXi may be booted from SAN.
Supported for Fibre Channel SAN Supported for iSCSI and FCoE for certain qualified storage adapters
SAN connections must be made through a switched topology unless the array is certified
for direct-connect.
The ESXi host must have exclusive access to its own boot LUN. Use different LUNs for VMFS datastores and boot partitions.
boot LUN
Installing ESXi
DEMO

Booting ESXi Host after Installation
DEMO

Switching to DCUI
DEMO

DCUI
DEMO



Configuring vNetwork Standard Switches
Virtual Switches
vSphere virtual networking supports two types of virtual switches: vNetwork standard switches vNetwork distributed switches
Discussed later in this series of videos
Both types of virtual switches are modelled after physical Ethernet switches
NOTE:
You may at times see these referred to by their former names: Standard Virtual Switches and Distributed Virtual Switches.

Types of Virtual Switch Connections

A virtual switch allows two connection types: Virtual machine port groups
Provide network connectivity to virtual machines Provides network connectivity for IP storage (NFS and iSCSI), vMotion, VMware FT, and the ESXi management network
VMkernel ports
vMotion
Prod
TestDev
DMZ
Mgmt.

Virtual Switch Connection Examples

Virtual Networking - The Larger Picture

A virtual network provides the networking for hosts and virtual machines. A virtual switch:
Directs network traffic between virtual machines and links to external networks. NIC Teaming combines the bandwidth of multiple network adapters and balances traffic among them. It can also handle physical network interface card (NIC) failover.
application operating system Virtual NIC
Physical NIC
NOTE: vSphere labels physical NICs with names such as vmnic0. These are also sometimes referred to as uplinks.
Physical Switch
External World
Configuring a Virtual Machine Port Group
DEMO

Network Adapter Properties
DEMO
For each physical adapter, speed and duplex can be changed. You might need to set the speed and duplex for certain NIC and switch combinations.

Standard Virtual Switch Ports
DEMO
You can change the number of ports on a standard virtual switch.

VLANs
ESXi supports 802.1Q VLAN tagging. Virtual switch tagging is one of three tagging policies supported. Packets from a virtual machine are tagged as they exit the virtual switch. Packets are untagged as they return to the virtual machine. Affect on performance is minimal. ESXi provides VLAN support by giving a port group a VLAN ID

Connecting a Virtual Machine to a Network
DEMO



Using VMFS Datastores
Storage Overview
VMware ESXi hosts
datastore types
VMware vSphere VMFS
NFS
File system
storage technology
Direct Attached
Fibre Channel
FCoE
iSCSI
NAS

Storage Protocol Overview
Storage Protocol
Supports boot from SAN
Supports VMware vSphere vMotion
Supports vSphere High Availability
Supports vSphere DRS
Supports Raw Device Mapping
Fibre Channel FCoE iSCSI NFS DAS

(for virtual machine swap files)

Datastore
A datastore is a logical storage unit that can use disk space on one physical device, or span several physical devices. host host Datastores are used to hold: Virtual machine files Templates ISOs Types of datastores: VMFS Network File System (NFS)
Datastore
Creating a VMFS Datastore
DEMO
To create a VMFS datastore, use the Add Storage wizard: Select the storage type, Disk/LUN. Select an available LUN.
Specify a datastore name. Specify the datastore size: use full or partial LUN.

Browsing Datastore Contents
DEMO
Right-click the datastore in the hosts Summary tab or click the Storage link in the Configuration tab.

Using a VMFS Datastore
DEMO
Illustrate how to give a virtual machine a virtual disk that resides in a VMFS datastore.



Using Thin Provisioned Virtual Disks
vStorage Virtual Disk Thin Provisioning

A virtual machine sees the full allocated disk size at all times. Virtual machine disks consume only the amount of capacity needed to hold the current files. You can mix thick and thin formats. Full reporting and alerts help manage allocations and capacity.
More efficient storage utilization:
Virtual disk allocation140GB Available datastore capacity 100GB Used storage capacity 80GB

Managing Overcommitted Datastores
An overcommitted datastore can occur when there are many thin-provisioned virtual disks that use close to their maximum allotted disk space. Actively monitor your datastore capacity: Alarms assist through notifications:
Datastore disk overallocation Datastore disk usage
Use reporting to view space usage.
Actively manage your datastore capacity: Increase datastore capacity when necessary. Use vSphere Storage vMotion to mitigate space usage issues on a particular datastore.

Creating a Thin Provisioned Virtual Disk
DEMO
Show how to create a thin provisioned virtual disk in an existing virtual machine. Show how to determine whether a disk is thick or thin.



Installing a Guest Operating System
Virtual Machine Hardware

Create New Virtual Machine Wizard

Create a new virtual machine in the VMware vCenter Server inventory. In the Inventory view, select a datacenter, cluster, or host. Start the Create New Virtual Machine wizard. Perform a typical or custom configuration.
DEMO

Typical Configuration
DEMO
Information needed for a typical configuration: Virtual machine name and inventory location Location in which to place the virtual machine (cluster, host, resource pool) Datastore on which to store the virtual machines files Guest operating system and version Disk parameters for creating a new virtual disk:
Disk size Disk-provisioning settings:
Allocate and commit space on demand (Thin Provisioning) Support clustering features such as Fault Tolerance

Installing the Guest Operating System
DEMO
Install the guest operating system into the virtual machine.

Virtual Machine Console

Send power changes to the virtual machine. Access the virtual machines guest operating system. Send Ctrl+Alt+Del to the guest operating system. Press Ctrl+Alt+Ins in the virtual machine console. Press Ctrl+Alt to release the pointer from the virtual machine console.
DEMO

VMware Tools
Features of VMware Tools include:
DEMO
Install VMware Tools into the guest operating system.
Device drivers:
SVGA display vmxnet/vmxnet3 Balloon driver for memory management Sync driver for quiescing I/O Improved mouse
Virtual machine heartbeat Time synchronization Ability to shut down virtual machine Adds additional choices to Perfmon DLL.



Using Templates and Cloning
Templates and Cloning
Templates and cloning are techniques used to rapidly provision virtual machines. Both techniques duplicate existing virtual machines. When using either technique, guest customization can be performed.

Customizing the Guest Operating System
VMware recommends customization of a clones guest operating system to prevent software and network conflicts. During cloning or deploying from template, you have the option of running the Guest Customization wizard. The wizard lets you create a specification that you can use to prepare the guest operating systems of virtual machines. Specifications can be stored in the vCenter database. You can edit specifications in the Customization Specifications Manager.

DEMO
Show how to install sysprep files

Using Templates
A template is a master copy of a virtual machine used to create and provision new virtual machines. The template is an image that typically includes a guest operating system, a set of applications, and a specific virtual machine configuration.

Creating a Template
DEMO
Clone the virtual machine to a template. The virtual machine can either be powered on or powered off. Convert the virtual machine to a template. The virtual machine must be powered off.
Clone a template. Select the template in inventory first.

Viewing Templates
DEMO
Two ways to view templates: Use the VMs and Templates inventory view. Use the Virtual Machines tab in the Hosts and Clusters inventory view.

Deploying a Virtual Machine from a Template
DEMO
To deploy a virtual machine, you must provide such information as the virtual machine name, inventory location, host, datastore, and guest operating system customization data.

DEMO
Show guest customization

Updating a Template
DEMO
To update a template: 1. Convert the template to a virtual machine. 2. Place the virtual machine on an isolated network to prevent user access. 3. Make appropriate changes to the virtual machine. 4. Convert the virtual machine to a template.

Cloning a Virtual Machine
Cloning is an alternative to deploying a virtual machine. A clone is an exact copy of the virtual machine. The virtual machine being cloned can either be powered on or powered off.

Cloning a Virtual Machine
DEMO

DEMO
Show guest customization



Protecting Virtual Machines with vSphere HA
vSphere HA Failure Scenarios
vSphere HA protects against three types of failures ESXi host failures Guest OS failures Application failures

Failure Scenario ESXi Host

Shared Storage
virtual machine A virtual machine A virtual machine B virtual machine C virtual machine D
virtual machine B virtual machine E virtual machine F
If a host fails, vSphere HA restarts the affected virtual machines on other hosts.
ESXi host
ESXi host
ESXi host
= vSphere HA cluster
vCenter Server
= Heartbeat
Failure Scenario Guest Operating System

Shared Storage
virtual machine A
VMware tools
virtual machine C
VMware tools
virtual machine E
VMware tools
virtual machine B
VMware tools
virtual machine D
VMware tools
virtual machine F
VMware tools
If a virtual machine stops sending heartbeats, vSphere HA resets the virtual machine. Requires VMware Tools.
ESXi host
ESXi host
ESXi host
vCenter Server
= Heartbeat
Failure Scenario - Application

Shared Storage
application
virtual machine A
application
virtual machine C
application
virtual machine E
application
virtual machine B
application
virtual machine D
application
virtual machine F
If an application fails, vSphere HA restarts the affected virtual machine on the same host. Requires VMware Tools.
ESXi host
ESXi host
ESXi host
vCenter Server
= Heartbeat
Enabling vSphere HA
DEMO
Enable vSphere HA by creating a cluster or modifying a vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) cluster.

Configuring vSphere HA Settings
DEMO

Configuring Virtual Machine Options
DEMO
Configure options at the cluster level or per virtual machine.

VM restart priority determines relative order in which virtual machines are restarted after a host failure.
Host Isolation response determines what happens to virtual machines when a host loses the management network but continues running.

Configuring Virtual Machine Monitoring
DEMO
Reset a virtual machine if its VMware Tools heartbeat or VMware Tools application heartbeats are not received.
Determine how quickly failures are detected.
Set monitoring sensitivity for individual virtual machines.

Cluster Resource Allocation Tab
DEMO
How much CPU and memory resources is the cluster using now? How much reserved capacity remains?

Performing Maintenance on the Heartbeat Network
DEMO
Before changing the networking configuration on the ESXi hosts (adding port groups, removing vSwitches): Deselect Enable Host Monitoring. Place the host in maintenance mode. These steps prevent unwanted attempts to fail over virtual machines.

Best Practices
Maintenance mode before shutdown/reboot Uncheck checkbox before performing maintenance on heartbeat network Redundant heartbeat network

Best Practices
You can use NIC teaming to create a redundant heartbeat network on ESXi hosts.



Migrating Virtual Machines with vMotion
vMotion Migration
A vMotion migration moves a powered-on virtual machine from one host to another. vMotion can be used to: Improve overall hardware utilization Allow continued virtual machine operation while accommodating scheduled hardware downtime Allow vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) to balance virtual machines across hosts
How vMotion Migration Works
VM A
vMotion network Production network

Virtual Machine Requirements for vMotion Migration
A virtual machine must meet the following requirements:
A virtual machine must not have a connection to a virtual device (such as a CD-ROM or floppy drive) with a local image mounted. A virtual machine must not have a connection to an internal vSwitch (vSwitch with zero uplink adapters). A virtual machine must not have CPU affinity configured. If the virtual machines swap file is not accessible to the destination host, vMotion must be able to create a swap file accessible to the destination host before migration can begin. If a virtual machine uses an RDM, the RDM must be accessible by the destination host.

Host Requirements for vMotion Migration
Source and destination hosts must have: Visibility to all storage (Fibre Channel, iSCSI, or NAS) used by the virtual machine At least a Gigabit Ethernet network:
Four concurrent vMotion migrations on a 1Gbps network Eight concurrent vMotion migrations on a 10Gbps network
Access to the same physical networks Compatible CPUs

Title
DEMO
Demonstrate creating vmkernel ports on both hosts Demonstrate successful vMotion migration

Verifying vMotion Layout: Virtual Machine Map
DEMO

Checking vMotion Errors
DEMO

Identifying CPU Characteristics
One way to identify CPU characteristics is to use the VMware CPU identification utility.

Exposing or Hiding NX/XD
DEMO
For future CPU features, edit mask at the bit level.

Methods for Addressing CPU Compatibility Requirements
There are several methods which can be used to address vMotion CPU compatibility requirements: Procure servers with identical CPUs Compatibility masking in the vSphere Client Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC)
Automatically masks off CPU incompatibility A feature of DRS clusters




VMware Vsphere Bootcamp Ebook

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VMware vSphere Bootcamp Overview 2012

VMware vCenter Server

2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

vCenter Server: Management Platform

VMware vCenter Server

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

* NIS also supported

vCenter Server Components

user access control

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

vCenter Server Deployment options

Windows-based vCenter Server

2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

Before Installing vCenter Server

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

vCenter Server Hardware and Software Requirements

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

vCenter Database Requirements

SP4 recommended Microsoft SQL Server 2008

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

Installing vCenter Server and Its Components

Install VMware vSphere Client.

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

Standalone Instance or Linked Mode Group

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

vCenter Server Installation Wizard

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

vCenter Server Services

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

Logging into vCenter Server

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

Navigating the vSphere Client

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

Organizing Inventory Objects into Folders

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

Adding a Host to the vCenter Server Inventory

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

vCenter License Overview

product license key assets

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

Default vCenter Server Plug-Ins

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

VMware Education Services

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

Installing VMware ESXi 5

2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

ESXi Hardware Prerequisites

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

Installing ESXi 5.0

Must be at least 5GB if you install the components on a single disk.

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

Boot from SAN

ESXi may be booted from SAN.

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

Booting ESXi Host after Installation

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series

VMware Education Services

VMware vSphere 5: Quick Start Video Series