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INTRODUCTION...................................2 THE REPORT...4 I. The Ministry of Foreign Aff irs n! Coo"er tion 4 #. Definition n! ro$e..4 2. Org ni% tion n! hier r&hy 4 II. My e'"erien&e t MAEC( #. )or*ing en+iron,ent.( 2. Assigne! t s*s.. Corre&ting Eng$ish te'ts... Tr ns$ ting offi&i $ !o&/,ents..&. Pre" ring notes 0 !. Pre" ring fi&hes...0

e. Position " "er..0 1. Diffi&/$ties t 2or*.3 4. Potenti $ so$/tions.#4 CONC5U6ION.## APPENDI7...#2

INTRODUCTION
As an apprentice of the noble art of translation, I had, one day or another, to check the extent of my talent in this domain. And for such test to be accurate, it had to be performed away from the academic subjectivity of my professors. This is the very reason behind the concept of training, or, as we commonly refer to it, the internship. What is an internship Well, the answer lies in its own designation! it is a "ship# to which we belong, but not as mere passengers, rather as beginner "sailors#. As "sailors#, we do not have the ability nor the authority to take command of the ship. That is the job of the captain. We can only wait for an order from the captain and try to satisfy his demands in the best of our capacities. $ore than a mere test aimed at introducing students to the world of work, the internship could be considered as the practical part of our syllabus. In fact, it stands, by itself, as an entire module. To pass that module, students at the %ing &ahd 'chool of Translation must get at least () out )*, that is to say more than the normal passing mark.

After a special session dedicated entirely to the +uestion of training, I started thinking about the place where I might carry it out. To be honest, I did not have any idea where that might be, until some second year students mentioned the diplomatic option. I have always been attracted to diplomacy. In fact, I secretly harbored the ambition of becoming a diplomat one day. The next step was to find which institution to apply for. The first option that comes into mind is the $inistry of &oreign Affairs and ,ooperation. 'o one -anuary evening, I raised this +uestion laconically to my father who answered even more laconically by saying that he knew someone who knew someone. A few days later, the date was fixed, I had my internship confirmed at the $inistry. .f course, this method might seem obscene, but unfortunately, it is the rule that prevails today. $ost of the students only managed to get their internship through connections. /ven our teachers explained to us that it was the only way we could get a good place for the training. 0owever, after a few months passed, more and more students started telling me about the boring nature of my future work at the $inistry, and how much there was so little to do. The prospect of boredom in an activity that was meant to be rich did not stimulate me. Therefore, I started looking for other options. I immediately considered applying for the 1' /mbassy in 2abat, a place that has become familiar to me ever since my participation to the 3outh 'ummer 4eadership Institute in )**5. Thus, I contacted by mail one of my numerous ac+uaintances at the /mbassy, asking about the procedure to follow for an eventual training. They replied instantly and I sent the re+uired document. As the fateful date came closer, I prepared myself to head to the $inistry, for the American alternative seemed out of reach. This is how I landed in this highly symbolic place which challenged all my expectations.

In the present paper I will try to give a general description of the institution that hosted me before providing more accurate details about the nature of the work I was asked to carry out.

THE REPORT
I8The Ministry of Foreign Aff irs n! Coo"er tion9
#. Definition n! ro$e9
The $inistry of &oreign Affairs and ,ooperation, as it is called in $orocco, is the governmental institution which represents the nation whenever it is dealing with a foreign country or organi6ation. It is one of the symbols of a nation7s sovereignty without which the exercise of power by the 'tate would be incomplete. The tasks that fall to this $inistry differ as they can go from the representation of $orocco within international organi6ations to the protection of $orocco7s interests and that of its citi6ens all over the world.

In order to carry out its essential tasks, and in accordance with the International 4aw, the $inistry of &oreign Affairs and ,ooperation is composed of a diplomatic network. This diplomatic network is itself divided into consulates and embassies as well as the head+uarters that are located in 2abat. As of today, $orocco counts 85 embassies and consulates throughout the world, including embassies that represent $orocco before international organi6ations such as the 1nited9:ations, the /uropean 1nion and the 1:/',.. There are also over (;* countries represented in $orocco.

2. Org ni% tion n! hier r&hy9

<uring my stay at the $inistry of &oreign Affairs and ,ooperation, I had a hard time trying to figure out the actual hierarchical system that is applied by there. The more people I asked, the more unclear and enigmatic the picture was. After a while, I reali6ed that this mystery surrounding this organi6ational matter was actually deliberate. Why I think that a month is not enough to answer this deeply political +uestion. Therefore, I will try and give my personal understanding of who is on the top of the ladder and who is below it, rather than just reproducing the organi6ation chart that could be found in $inistry7s website, and which, to my belief, is +uite vague and not representative of the reality in the $inistry. The following diagram tries to illustrate the organi6ation chart as I perceive it.

Mr. T :. F ssi Fihri Minister

Mrs. 5 tif A*h r. &h Secretary of State Intern tion $ Other Ogr ni% tions Dire&tions Di+ision

Mr. Moh ,,e! O/%%ine Secretary of State H/, nit ri n Dire&tion n! 6o&i $ of M/$ti$ ter $ Iss/es Di+ision Coo"er tion
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Mr. ;o/ssef A,r ni General

Mr. Moh ,,e! A% ro/ $

General Secretary Unite! N tions Gener $ Dire&tionInspector of Unite! n! Intern tion M/$ti$ ter $ Re$ tions $ n! N tions Org ni% tions Di+ision G$o. $ Coo"er tion Dire&tion

I was personally assigned to the 1nited :ations <ivision, under the direct supervision of $r. 2edouane 0oussaini, the 0ead of the <ivision, who himself was under the authority of $r. A66edine &arhane, the <irector of the 1nited :ations and International .rgani6ations. After this brief look at the $inistry7s role and organi6ation, I will try, in the coming pages, to give a detailed narrative of my experience within the $inistry of &oreign Affairs and ,ooperation.

II8My e'"erien&e t MAEC9

#. )or*ing En+iron,ent9
When I first arrived at the $A/, in the (st of -une, I was told to go to the human resources office where I met my colleagues from the %ing &ahd 'chool of Translation. 1nlike my comrades, I did not know yet where I was going to be assigned. After a moment in the waiting room, a nice lady
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took me to the new building through a footbridge and a labyrinth of corridors. The corridors of the old building were extremely narrow and gloomy, and I wondered how people could possibly work there without getting into a depression. &ortunately, just past the footbridge that links the two buildings, the atmosphere is much cooler, for the hallways were much larger and the offices better illuminated. The young lady took me to the International .rgani6ations and 1nited :ations <irection, where I had to wait for $r. &arhane in a room between his office and his secretary7s. The room reminded me of those antechambers where d7Artagnan had to wait for the $a6arin or the &rench king. A moment later, a man came out of the office and I was invited in. $r. &arhane asked me briefly about my academic background, then he said #Which division would you like to work at The 1nited :ations or International 4aw #. =efore I could formulate an answer, he decided that I was going to be working at the 1nited :ations <ivision, which pleased me. I was sent to $r. 0oussaini7s office. I liked the man from the first sight. 0e had a sort of inexpressible aura when he spoke, and you could not help feeling both intimidated and admiring for his elo+uence. 3ou could tell that he was a diplomat, and a good one. $y office was composed of two desks, one for me and one for an older intern who had the luxury of having a computer and an internet connection at her disposal. <uring the whole month that I spent there, I always brought my own laptop and internet connection.

2.Assigne! t s*s9
As an intern who came as a translation student, I expected myself to be given translation work. 0owever, I +uickly reali6ed that this was not going to be the case. In fact, translation

represented only a small percentage of the types of work I was asked to do. There are several types of assignments I had to perform at the $A/, and which can be described as follow! a. Corre&ting Eng$ish te'ts9 'ometimes, $r. &arhane would summon me to correct any error that I might find in a power point presentation that he will have to make, or his ,>? Those texts were not written by him, they were the products of his subordinates who would often ask me for pieces of advice whenever they were not sure about something. I would willingly give my opinion without insisting too much, because, after all, I was only an intern and I had no authority to compel anyone to change their sentence. b. Tr ns$ ting offi&i $ !o&/,ents9 This was by far my favorite exercise. 1nfortunately, I translated only four texts ! a speech, two letters and a position paper. Translating these official documents was reasonably easy. The translation was always from &rench into /nglish. It often happened that I came across a purely technical term or concept, in which case I would stop translating and go make a little in+uiry among my colleagues who were always very helpful and very kind to me. c. Pre" ring notes9 @robably the most difficult task I had to do. A note is a formal paper that sums up the main ideas of a debate that took place within the 'ecurity ,ouncil or the Aeneral Assembly. It is extremely time consuming as it consists mainly of a great deal of reading. The first note about ,ounter Terrorism ,ommittees took me three days to prepare. Indeed, I needed first of all to read the debate in +uestion which could go from B pages to B* pages. It is a work of synthesis. The note is divided into three parts! in the first part, I introduce the theme that is debated and whether it was debated at the 'ecurity ,ouncil or at the Aeneral Assembly. The second part is the list of the main ideas that have been discussed. The third part is my own remarks and appreciations regarding that particular issue. Those notes were meant to be read by
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the $inister himself or the Aeneral 'ecretary, therefore they had to be perfect. A note should not be longer than a page, and the sentences must be short, to the point and objective. 'ome of the notes I made were confidential, which means that I cannot put them in the appendix. d. Pre" ring <fi&hes=9 these fiches are very similar to the notes. The only difference is that they are a bit longer and provide more details. e. Position " "er9 a position paper is a text that $orocco will present at the next Aeneral Assembly of the 1nited :ations in :ew 3ork in next 'eptember. /very <ivision must provide a position paper concerning many issues that go from the $oroccan 'ahara problem to Women7s 2ights. I was asked to prepare a position paper about ,hildren in Armed ,onflicts. The task was long but I managed to do something consistent enough.

1. Diffi&/$ties t 2or*9
There were many difficulties that I had to deal with during my internship at the $A/, and that I describe as follows! 4ack of material, such as printing paper. ,ountless were the times when I could not go on with my work because the printer or the photocopier were not functioning. ,alling the technical assistance takes an eternity which made me feel utterly paraly6ed, especially when my colleagues7 printer would not function either.

The unbearable stress at work. This phenomenon is something totally new to me. <ealing with the <irector, with all due respect to his position, was horrendous. At the beginning, I used to laugh at my colleagues who were always complaining about his behavior, it was only when I had to ask him to sign my first note that I understood everything. .nce, I had prepared a note and got it corrected several times by the 0ead of the <ivision who was also my coordinator. I took that note to the <irector to sign it, but he refused because there was some important information missing. 0e asked me to add it, which I was going to doC in fact I believed that he was right. 0owever, he changed his mind and signed the paper before asking me to take it to the $inister7s cabinet, which I did immediately. A few days later, the 0ead of the <ivision called me and asked me why I had not added that information. The note was sent back from the $inister7s cabinet with interrogations regarding that very missing information. I explained that it was the <irector who had told me not to. Well, that might have been ok if I did not have to correct it and bring again to the <irector to sign. .f course, I expected him to blame me for that mistake, which he did.

The incredible amount of work. :ormally, I would start my working day at D am and finish at E!;* pm. 0owever, because there was so much to be done, I was often obliged to stay until 5 pm, but that was nothing compared to some people who would stay every day until 8!;* and sometime even later.

The unknown nature of my work. Indeed, most of the tasks that were assigned to me were completely unrelated to my field of studies, that is to say translation. 4uckily, my &rench was good enough to keep up with the demand.

The bad +uality of the food served at the cafeteria.

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4. Potenti $ 6o$/tions9
I truly believe that most of the logistical problems could be solved with a minimal effort. &or instance, it would not cost much to setup a good antivirus in the computers which are incredibly full of viruses. It would be also cleverer and more practical to send the notes to be corrected via mail to the 0ead of the <ivision rather than printing over and over again for one final paper. &inally, I think that paying the interns who have been doing an extraordinary work, sometimes for ten months without getting a penny, would motivate them to work even harder.

CONC5U6ION
The ship finally reaches the peaceful shore, and the sailor who sets foot on the land is too da6ed and confused to tell his story or his emotions. .ne thing is for sure! the fact that I have survived the stormy days and the angry waters fills me with pride and satisfaction. I expected the sea to be calm and +uiet, but I soon found out that the $inistry of &oreign Affairs and ,ooperation, and especially the 1nited :ations <ivision, are no place for passiveness.

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This experience has also helped me to see better in my future. The life of diplomats, at least when they are in $orocco, is not a sinecure. This -une has been definitely very fruitful and allowed me to see my limits, even if I did not have the chance to do as much translation as I would have desired to. Thanks to this training, now I know exactly what I must do and learn to follow this path. 3et, my attachment to translation is unaltered, and it is on its arm that I will rest for the months and years to come.

APPENDI7
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Dr ft $etter of Mister the Minister to Mrs. M ite N*o n 8M sh . ne> the 6o/th8 Afri& n Minister of Intern tion $ Re$ tions

Mrs. the Minister>

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I have been very pleased to meet you and have a discussion with you on the edge of the &rance9Africa 'ummit which took place in :ice on $ay ;( and -une (, )*(*.

As you know, for the %ingdom of $orocco, 'outh Africa is an important country by virtue of its historical course, its geographical location and its contribution to the efforts aiming at resolving the conflicts in Africa, which continue to bear upon the stability, security and development of our ,ontinent.

$orocco, like 'outh9Africa, has always sought the ideal of peace, security and protection of the international lawfulness and the principles of the ,harter of the 1nited :ations, by incarnating them in both the bilateral and multilateral relations.

'outh Africa7s stance on the regional disagreement on the $oroccan 'ahara remains stained by the recognition of a fictive entity which is neither recogni6ed by the 1:, nor by the /1, the Arab 4eague or the .I,. This stance, all in all sovereign, must not turn into a systematically hostile attitude towards the higher interests of the %ingdom of $orocco at all occasions, for instance within the different regional and international bodies.

With full knowledge of the content of the joint press release published on $ay )F, )*(*, at the end of the deliberations of the Algerian9'outh African 0igh -oint ,ommission, $orocco

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wonders about the thrust and implications of the paragraphs on the latest developments concerning the issue of the $oroccan 'ahara. To that end, I would like to tell you what follows !

The %ingdom of $orocco has always stood up for the right of self9determination which it considers as one of the fundamental principles of the ,harter of the 1nited :ations, in addition to those of the territorial integrity of the 'tates, good9neighbor and peaceful settling of disagreements. $oreover, $orocco has itself exercised this right in (DBF, notably vis9G9vis &rance and 'pain, then to get back its 'aharan provinces. At the same time, $orocco is opposed to any misleading interpretation of this right which assimilates it to independence.

$orocco stands up for the principle of self9determination as much as it +uestions the motives which push 'outh Africa to prejudge the results of the current negotiations under the aegis of the 1nited :ations.

&or all that, the resolution (D)* of the 'ecurity ,ouncil asks all the parties, including Algeria, to enter into an intense and substantial phase of negotiations in order to move towards a win9win political solution that is mutually accepted.

As a party in this disagreement, Algeria has always attended to the negotiations that were initiated in )**5, thanks to $orocco7s presentation of its autonomy initiative as a response to the different re+uests of the 'ecurity ,ouncil.
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=y committing itself bona fide to the negotiation process, and by reasserting its will to move towards a win9win political solution, the %ingdom of $orocco considers that its autonomy plan remains, because of its substantial content, its democratic nature an its compliance with the 1nited :ations legality, at the centre of all the efforts aiming at reaching a final solution to the regional disagreement on the $oroccan 'ahara.

All the countries that care about finding a +uick solution to this disagreement and that aspire to play a role in the promotion of peace , stability and good9neighbor in the region of the $aghreb and beyond in Africa, must strive to support the efforts of the 'ecretary Aeneral and his personal /nvoy in this decisive phase of the political process.

In this context, Algeria must assume a full, active and constructive participation, fit for its proven responsibility in the launching and persistence of this regional disagreement as well as its obvious implication at all the stages of its evolution, including the current block of the process.

As for $orocco, the %ingdom has committed itself firmly to the edification of a democratic, open and tolerant society C it draws its inspiration from the successful democratic models in its neighborhood, in order to consolidate and broaden its advanced regionali6ation experience, starting from the 'ahara region.

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&urthermore, $orocco has undertaken several initiatives to improve its neighborly relations with Algeria, in hopes that a new spirit will prevail in the benefit of the peoples of the five 'tates of the $aghreb and of all Africa.

,onse+uently, the %ingdom of $orocco makes the wish that all the countries involved in this regional disagreement do not spare any effort in inciting the other parties to commit themselves bona fide to the negotiation and guarantee the desired success of the 1nited :ations efforts.

3ours cordially

G$o. $ Initi ti+e To Co,. t N/&$e r Terroris,

6i'th Meeting> Abu9<habi -une )D, )*(*

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6TATEMENT ?; MI6TER A@EDDINE FARHANE DIRECTOR OF THE UNITED NATION6 AND INTERNATIONA5 ORGANI@ATION6

MINI6TR; OF FOREIGN AFFAIR6 AND COOPERATION AINGDOM OF MOROCCO

8-une )D, )*(*9

Mister the Presi!ent> E'&e$$en&ies the Co8Ch irs> E'&e$$en&ies> 5 !ies n! Gent$e,en. .n behalf of the delegation of the %ingdom of $orocco, I would like to express my most profound gratitude to the 1nited /mirates7 Aovernment for the warm welcome and the
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meticulous organi6ation of this Fth plenary meeting of the Alobal Initiative to ,ombat :uclear Terrorism HAI,:TI. Also, I would like to pay a special homage to the ,o9,hairs of our initiative as well as to all the @artner :ations for their sincere efforts and constructive actions against the threat of nuclear terrorism. 5 !ies n! Gent$e,en, &our years after the 'tatement of @rincipals and terms of reference of the AI,:T in 2abat, our meeting today represents an important step in order to proceed to a consistent evaluation of the initiative and identify the future direction lines aiming at strengthening the action of our voluntary coalition. The fact that it is taking place in an international context that is characteri6ed by a revival of interest in the combat against the illicit traffic of nuclear and radioactive substances gives to this meeting in Abu9<habi an even greater importance. In fact, the organi6ation of this meeting in the day following the end of the :@T 2eview ,onference work and the Washington7s :uclear 'ecurity 'ummit, incites us to think of the ways and means to turn the initiative into an efficient tool directed at accompanying the efforts of the international community in its combat against nuclear terrorism and work to spread non9proliferation and disarmament. 5 !ies n! Gent$e,en> The intern tion $ &o,,/nityBs !eter,in tion to "rogress in the &o,. t g inst n/&$e r terroris, thro/gh &o$$e&ti+e &tion n! reinfor&e! intern tion $ &oo"er tion is no2 re $ity. In this framework, the %ingdom of $orocco thinks that it is necessary to continue working on introducing the initiative to all the regions of the world, while preserving the geographic e+uilibrium between the developed countries and the developing ones. A particular attention should be paid to Arab and African countries. Thanks to its pragmatic and operational approach and to its reliance on the existing 1nited9 :ations referential, the initiative has demonstrated its capacity to face the threat of nuclear terrorism that is not likely to fadeC on the contrary, it represents a serious and eminent risk for the entire world. 5 !ies n! Gent$e,en> The %ingdom of $orocco believes that the adoption of the new terms of reference will stimulate a new incentive to our initiative in terms of planning and orientation of its future activities.

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This is how the election of the president of the AI,:T by relying on rotations, and the activation of the Implementation and Assessment Aroup will not only allow for a better appropriation of the initiative and reinforcement of its inclusive character by the @artner :ations, but also for the improvement of its implementation and assessment mechanisms. In o/r +ie2> the ,en!,ents th t 2ere .ro/ght to the ter,s of referen&e 2i$$ strengthen the initi ti+e n! 2i$$ en .$e it to res"on! !eC/ te$y to the gro2ing nee!s of the P rtner N tions in ter,s of te&hni& $ &oo"er tion> ssist n&e> infor, tion e'&h nge n! .est "r &ti&es. &or that purpose, in order to reinforce the implementation of the Initiative7s principles and to consolidate its partners action, $orocco proposes the establishment of a permanent secretariat whose role would be to coordinate the initiative7s internal activities and to assist the Implementation and Assessment Aroup in the fulfillment of its task and, in fine, to create a synergy between the voluntary coalitions. In this respect, the %ingdom of $orocco is ready to actively participate at the level of the Implementation and Assessment Aroup as well as to the different thematic working groups, and also to contribute to the achievement of the expected goals. 5 !ies n! Gent$e,en> As we had announced in the plenary meeting of the 0ague, $orocco will organi6e in $arch )*((, with the cooperation of the 1nited9'tates and 'pain, and in accordance with the principles E and 5 of the initiative, an international /xercise on the response to a malicious act involving radioactive material. This international exercise, which will be the subject of a detailed presentation this afternoon, represents, for $orocco, a new stage in the transition from the seminars theoretical logic to the operational action involving the coordination and the consultation of all the participants for the amelioration of the national capacities to respond to a possible nuclear and radioactive threat. 5 !ies n! Gent$e,en> While reiterating my country7s continuous and full commitment in favor of the founding principles of this initiative, and its determination to contribute concretely to the fulfillment of the objectives aiming at preserving international peace and security, I wish the best success to the works of this ,onference, so that we could give concrete form to our goal which consist in combating relentlessly this danger that threatens us all.

Note A Monsie/r $e Ministre

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O.Det 9 ,onseil de sJcuritJK<Jbats sur l7amJlioration du fonctionnement des trois ,omitJs de lutte contre le terrorisme. -7ai l7honneur de porter G votre connaissance +ue le ,onseil de 'JcuritJ de l7.:1 a tenu, rJcemment, un dJbat sur les moyens d7amJliorer le fonctionnement des trois ,omitJs de lutte contre le terrorisme Hle ,omitJ ()F5 concernant Al9Laida et les Talibans, le ,omitJ (;5; concernant la lutte contre le terrorisme et le ,omitJ (BE* chargJ de la prJvention des armes de destruction massiveI. ,e dJbat intervient G l7heure oM l7.:1 tente de rationaliser le travail de ses trois ,omitJs, crJes dans des contextes diffJrents et couvrant des mandats diversifiJs, dans l7opti+ue de mieux coordonner les efforts onusiens de lutte contre le terrorisme. 4ors de ce dJbat, les principales idJes suivantes ont JtJ mises en exergue ! 4es trois ,omitJs de lutte contre le terrorisme doivent davantage tenir compte du lien Jtroit entre le trafic de drogue et le financement du terrorisme international C 4a lutte contre le terrorisme nJcessite un travail collectif et une approche concertJe C 4es trois ,omitJs sont appelJs G jouer un rNle stratJgi+ue, en proposant notamment la mise en place de guides de bonne prati+ue et en amJliorant leur coordination C 4e ,omitJ ()F5 sur les Talibans devrait amJliorer ses mJthodes de travail afin +ue les procJdures d7inscription et de radiation de la O 4iste 2Jcapitulative P soient rJvisJes de maniQre constante C 5 &rE tion !B/n "oste !e ME!i te/r dont la mission consiste G Jtudier les demandes de radiation de la 4iste Hla 4iste dJsigne actuellement ED8 personnes, entitJs, groupes et entreprises reliJs soit G Al9Laida soit aux TalibansI C 4es carences des pays en dJveloppement en matiQre d7assistance techni+ue demeurent le principal obstacle pour une meilleure mise en Ruvre des rJsolutions du ,onseil de sJcuritJ liJes G la lutte contre le terrorisme. ,es JlJments appellent de la part de cette <irection les commentaires suivants ! 4es efforts rJsolus du ,onseil de sJcuritJ pour amJliorer le fonctionnement des trois ,omitJs et leurs mJthodes de travail C 4es O dJrapages P liJs au travail du ,omitJ ()F5 ont JtJ criti+uJs notamment dans la procJdure de mise G jour des listes +ui a JtJ jugJe partielle et arbitraire C 4a crJation de la fonction de mJdiateur reprJsente une nouveautJ au niveau des mJcanismes onusiens existants dans la lutte contre le terrorisme C ,ette mesure est destinJe G attJnuer les criti+ues croissantes des /tats $embres vis9G9vis des mJthodes de travail et de l7approche poursuivie, jus+ue lG, par le ,omitJ ()F5.

Note A Monsie/r $e Ministre

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O.Det 9 AssemblJe gJnJraleK4es /tats $embres examinent les moyens de lutter plus efficacement contre la criminalitJ transnationale organisJe. -7ai l7honneur de porter G votre connaissance +ue l7AssemblJ AJnJrale de l7.:1 a tenu, rJcemment, une rJunion plJniQre suite G la publication du rapport de l7.ffice des :ations91nies contre la drogue et le crime H1:.<,I, et ce, dans le but d7Jlaborer un mJcanisme d7examen de la ,onvention des :ations91nies contre la criminalitJ transnationale organisJe, dix ans aprQs son adoption G @alerme. 4ors de cette rJunion, les principales idJes mises en exergue sont les suivantes ! 4e rapport publiJ par l71:.<, fait Jtat de la mondialisation du crime et de sa dimension macro9Jconomi+ueC 'elon ce rapport, E** *** personnes seraient victimes de trafic d7Stres humains alimentant l7industrie du sexe en /urope, ce +ui gJnQre un revenu annuel de ; milliards de dollars pour ses exploitants C Il faut s7atta+uer G la demande des biens illicites +ui se concentre principalement dans les pays du :ord +ui sont les premiers G en rJcolter les bJnJfices C 4es revenus colossaux gJnJrJs par les trafics de drogue et d7Stres humains permettent aux trafi+uants d7influer sur les dJcisions politi+ues et de financer des organisations terroristes C 4a ,onfJrence des parties se rJunira en octobre G >ienne afin de promouvoir l7adhJsion universelle G la ,onvention de @alerme et ses protocoles facultatifs C 4a lutte contre les crimes organisJs ne peut aboutir si elle est menJe de faTon unilatJrale. 4es /tats $embres ont JtJ appelJs G renforcer leur coopJration de maniQre significative C Atteindre les .bjectifs du $illJnaire pour le <Jveloppement rendrait les pays vulnJrables moins attractifs pour les groupes criminels C 4es pays dJveloppJs ont JtJ appelJs G Jlargir leur assistance techni+ue aux pays pauvres en matiQre de sJcuritJ C Il est essentiel de combattre les criminels en col blanc Havocats, ban+uiers, comptables?I et la corruption +ui constituent un des piliers de ce flJau. ,es JlJments appellent de la part de cette <irection les commentaires suivants ! 4a mise en place d7un mJcanisme d7examen de la ,onvention de @alerme faciliterait aux /tats le travail d7identification des besoins en matiQre de justice pJnale et permettra de mesurer les progrQs rJalisJs dans cette lutte C Il faut souligner +ue, dix ans aprQs l7adoption de la ,onvention de @alerme, peu de progrQs ont JtJ accomplis et de nombreux pays n7ont toujours pas adhJrJ G cet organe +ui demeure, G ce jour, le seul instrument international de lutte contre le crime.

Note A
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Monsie/r $e Ministre
O.Det 9 ,onseil de sJcuritJK<Jbats sur les mesures G prendre contre les auteurs de violences rJpJtJes dont sont victimes les enfants dans les conflits armJs. -7ai l7honneur de porter G votre connaissance +ue le ,onseil de 'JcuritJ de 47.:1 a tenu, rJcemment, un dJbat visant G adopter des mesures ciblJes et graduelles contre les auteurs de violences rJpJtJes contre des enfants dans les conflits armJs, et ce suite au rapport annuel du 'ecrJtaire AJnJral sur cette +uestion. 4ors de ce dJbat, les principales idJes mises en exergue sont les suivantes ! <es progrQs significatifs ont JtJ constatJs suite G l7adoption de la rJsolution (88) H)**DI. ,ette rJsolution +ualifie de crimes de guerre tout meurtre, mutilation, viol, ou abus sexuel G l7encontre des enfants dans les conflits armJs. 4a liste annexe du rapport annuel du 'ecrJtaire gJnJral sur les enfants dans les conflits armJs contient les noms de toutes les entitJs Jtati+ues ou non9Jtati+ue incriminJes de violations systJmati+ues G l7encontre des enfants. Il a JtJ jugJ capital de prendre des mesures plus Jnergi+ues en traduisant en justice les auteurs de crimes contre les enfants lors de conflits. 47adoption de la rJsolution (F() H)**BI par le ,onseil de sJcuritJ +ui a Jtabli un $Jcanisme de surveillance et de communication de l7information sur les enfants dans les conflits armJes n7a pas JtJ suffisante pour palier aux nombreuses lacunes dans ce domaine. 4e ,onseil de sJcuritJ a JtJ appelJ G intJgrer la protection des enfants dans les mandats de toutes ses opJrations de maintien de la paix. 4a multiplication des atta+ues contre les Jtablissements scolaires et les hNpitaux ont JtJ l7objet des plus vives condamnations. 4es parties au conflits ont JtJ appelJes G cesser et prJvenir ces atta+ues. Il est nJcessaire d7amJliorer et renforcer le partage d7informations entre le Aroupe de Travail et les ,omitJs de sanctions. 4e ,onseil a JtJ invitJ G rJflJchir au moyen d7infliger des sanctions G des acteurs Jvoluant dans un cadre non couvert par les ,omitJs des sanctions et ce dans le but de mettre fin G l7impunitJ. ,es JlJments appellent de la part de cette <irection les commentaires suivants ! 4a grande difficultJ G collecter et analyser les informations sur les enfants dans les 6ones de conflits influe sur l7objectivitJ du dernier rapport du 'ecrJtaire gJnJral sur les enfants dans les conflits armJs. 47impunitJ des auteurs de violations graves G l7encontre d7enfants reprJsente l7un des principaux dJfis +ue le ,onseil de sJcuritJ se doit de relever. 4a mise en place d7une liste de pays ou organisations incriminJs de crimes de guerre G l7encontre des enfants dans les pJriodes de conflits peut Stre considJrJe comme une mesure dissuasive +ui incite de nombreux Jtats G faire des efforts significatifs afin d7en Stre radiJs.

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Fi&he s/r 5e r ""ort !/ 6e&rEt ire gEnEr $ s/r $ MINUAD

I8Conte'te 9 'uite aux affrontements +ui ont JclatJ au <arfour Hsud9est du 'oudanI en )**;, l7.:1 se devait de rJagir pour mettre fin aux combats +ui sJvissent encore dans la rJgion. 4e conflit +ui oppose le Aouvernement au $ouvement pour la justice et l7JgalitJ H$-/I et le $ouvement de la libJration pour la justice H$4-I a causJ la mort de ;** *** personnes et le dJplacement de prQs de deux millions et demi de personnes vers des camps de rJfugiJs au 'oudan et au Tchad. 1n Accord de paix pour le 'oudan fut signJ le B mai )**B entre les parties au conflit sous la pression des :ations 1nies et de l71nion Africaine +ui ont Jtabli le ;( juillet )**5 une opJration conjointe de maintien de la paix au <arfour, la premiQre de son genre. II8 MINUAD 9 !is"ositions et "rErog ti+es9 (9 47.pJration hybride 1nion AfricaineK:ations 1nies au <arfour a vu le jour le ;( juillet )**5 suite G l7adoption de la rJsolution (5FD par le ,onseil de sJcuritJ sous le ,hapitre >II de la ,harte des :ations 1nies pour une pJriode initiale de () mois. )9 4e mandat de la mission a JtJ prorogJ le ;* juillet )**D par la rJsolution (88( du ,onseil de sJcuritJ pour une pJriode de dou6e mois jus+u7au ;( juillet )*(*. ;9 4a $ission entend dJployer un effectif maximum de (D BBB militaires, F E;) policiers, dont ;55) agents de police et (D unitJs de police composJes chacune de (E* policiers ainsi +u7une composante civile importante. E9 4e rapport du 'ecrJtaire gJnJral sur la $I:1A< portant sur la pJriode du ( er fJvrier au ;* avril )*(* indi+ue +ue le dJploiement de l7effectif militaire a atteint 8*U de son plein potentiel tandis +ue celui de la composante civile et policiQre a atteint 5EU de son potentiel. B9 4e budget de l7opJration pour la pJriode allant du ( er juillet )**D au ;* juin )*(* est de ( BD8.DE millions de dollars amJricains. F9 4e 2eprJsentant spJcial adjoint de la $I:1A<, $. Ibrahim AA$=A2I H:igJriaI, a pris ses fonctions le )) janvier )*(* G Al9&asher, la capitale du <arfour, oM se situe le siQge de la $ission. 4a $I:1A< a comme mandat l7accomplissement des objectifs suivant ! (9 Assurer la protection des populations civiles ainsi +ue l7acheminement de l7aide humanitaire. )9 >Jrifier et contribuer G la bonne application et le respect des accords de cesse69le9feu signJs depuis )**E. ;9 @articiper aux nJgociations visant G trouver une solution politi+ue au conflit et ce de maniQre impartiale n7excluant aucune partie. E9 Travailler en vue de permettre aux rJfugiJs de retourner G leurs foyers.
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B9 ,ontribuer G la promotion et la protection des droits de l7homme au <arfour, et permettre l7Jtablissement d7un Jtat de droit au 'oudan. F9 'uivre la situation le long de la frontiQre avec le Tchad et la 2Jpubli+ue centrafricaine et faire rapport G ce sujet. III8 Pro.$F,es 9 (9 4es efforts de la mJdiation et de la $I:1A< en vue de faciliter la mise en place d7un cesse69le9feu efficace n7ont pas pu aboutir avant la date butoir du (B mars )*(* pour cause de violents affrontements entre le Aouvernement et le $-/ et ce dans les trois /tats du <arfour. )9 4e F mai )*(*, les combats ont repris entre le Aouvernement soudanais et l7ArmJe de libJration du 'oudan dans la rJgion de <jebel $arra, faisant de nombreux morts parmi les civils, causant le dJplacement de communautJs nombreuses et entravant l7acheminement de l7aide humanitaire. ;9 <e nombreux cas d7atta+ues G l7encontre des soldats de maintien de la paix ainsi +ue des enlQvements et des prises d7otages ont JtJ enregistrJs pendant cette pJriode allant du (er fJvrier au ;* avril )*(*, causant entre autre la mort de deux soldats et blessant griQvement dix autres. E9 Il existe de nombreux obstacles +ui entravent la progression en vue d7un accord de paix ou un cesse69le9feu durable entre les partis au conflit, dont une insJcuritJ persistante et le refus de certaines factions de participer aux pourparlers de paix, dont celle dirigJe par Abdul Wahid $ohamed al9:ur de l7ArmJe de libJration du 'oudan. B9 4a $ission dJplore par ailleurs le man+ue de soutien techni+ue indispensable G l7accomplissement de son mandat, dont le man+ue d7unitJs d7appui tel +ue des hJlicoptQres militaires de manRuvre et des unitJs de surveillance aJriennes. IG8 Pers"e&ti+es 9 (9 47une des prioritJs dJfinies par $.AA$=A2I est le renforcement de la sJcurit du personnel humanitaire et du personnel de l7.:1 tout en amJliorant la protection des populations civiles et dJplacJes. )9 1ne participation plus dynami+ue dans le processus de paix en incluant toutes les parties concernJes ainsi +ue les mJdiateurs et les facilitateurs Vle Aouvernement +atarien notamment9 afin de parvenir G un accord de paix global et rapide. ;9 ,ontribuer G la normalisation des relations entre le Tchad et le 'oudan +ui influent directement sur le travail de la $I:1A< dans les 6ones limitrophes C ces relations ont vu une nette amJlioration dont tJmoigne la rJouverture de certains passage frontaliers commerciaux dans le <arfour9.uest. E9 Appuyer les efforts visant G reconstruire et relever le <arfour. B9 4es nJgociations de paix +ui se dJroulent actuellement G <oha pourraient aboutir G la crJation de six ,omitJs sur le pouvoir, la richesse, les arrangements de sJcuritJ, les compensations, les personnes dJplacJes et les rJfugiJs. Il faut nJanmoins noter +ue

25

deux des principales parties au conflit, le $-/ et le '4A, ne participent pas G ce sommet.

Unoffi&i $ tr ns$ tion

I,"$e,ent tion of the Reso$/tion GC HI1JK#On <Isr e$Bs n/&$e r & " .i$ities= 8Moro&&oBs Position8

I8Re$e+ n&e of the reso$/tion (. The $iddle /ast region continues to be a source of preoccupation to the $ember 'tates of the International Atomic /nergy Agency HIA/AI as well as to the states of the $iddle /ast 2egion and Arab states in particular, due to Israel7s stubborn refusal to adhere to the :on9 proliferation of :uclear Weapons Treaty H:@TI and to submit its installations to the generali6ed safeguards of IA/A, which puts a curb to the implementation of peace and security in the region. ). This concern was expressed through the resolutions adopted by the Aeneral ,onference and was explicitly mentioned in the decisions of the 2eview ,onferences of the :@T held in (DDB and )***. ;. Within this framework, finding a solution to the +uestion of the Israel7s nuclear capabilities will indeed accomplish the universality of the :@T and will allow to appease the tensions which have been prevailing in the $iddle /ast region, contributing, therefore, to the consolidation of international peace and security. E. It is worth recalling that from (DD8 till )**5, the Arab 'tates $embers of the IA/A insisted on inserting the item regarding the Israeli menace and the country7s nuclear capabilities in the agenda of the Aeneral ,onference. They have also shown flexibility in a spirit of compromise to accept to change the title of this item and to amend the draft resolution in )**8. B. The %ingdom of $orocco, which has never ceased to insist on the relevance and the intimate link between the credibility and universality of the :@T, believes that the Aeneral
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,onference has the competence to deal with this matter. &urthermore, the adoption of the 2esolution A, HB;I 2/'K(5 by the B;rd session of the IA/A Aeneral ,onference H'eptember )**DI illustrates the real concerns that Israel7s nuclear capabilities represent to the International ,ommunity and the necessity to act urgently to remedy this situation. II. I,"$e,ent tion of the Reso$/tion F. The %ingdom of $orocco believes that the accomplishment of the objectives of the resolution can only be done through the establishment of a :uclear Weapons7 &ree Wone H:W&WI in the $iddle /ast. This can be achieved only if Israel, the sole state in the region which is not member of the :@T, adheres to this treaty and submits its nuclear facilities and installations to the generali6ed safeguards of the IA/A. 5. The %ingdom of $orocco believes that this measure will be an important step towards the building up of a climate of confidence between the states of the region in order to establish a fair and sustainable peace in the $iddle /ast. 8. The %ingdom of $orocco believes that the accumulation of nuclear weapons is not a guarantee for securityC in fact, it is an element of instability which results in the exacerbation of armaments race. D. The International ,ommunity should continue to multiply its efforts and initiatives aiming at bringing Israel to accept the establishment of the :W&W in the $iddle /ast, sei6ing the momentum of the favorable climate regarding the +uestions of nuclear non9proliferation and disarmament and ultimately the achievement of the objectives of the universality of the :@T.

III8The Ro$e of the IAEA

(*. The %ingdom of $orocco believes that the IA/A has made important progress in its efforts to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy for sustainable development, mainly through its Technical ,ooperation program. ((. The Agency has also succeeded to a large extent in making sure that the nature of the nuclear programs of its $ember 'tates is peaceful through its safeguard system, mainly the generali6ed safeguards within the :@T. (). The %ingdom of $orocco remains convinced that the IA/A could contribute to the creation of the :W&W by encouraging the establishment of a dialogue between the 'tates of the 2egion in order to set up measures and steps for the :W&W. The draft Treaty prepared by the Arab 'tates could be the basis of the launch of this process.
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(;. $orocco reiterates its readiness to actively support the efforts of the Aeneral <irector of the IA/A aiming at the gradual implementation of the provisions of the 2esolution A, HB;IK2/'K(5.

Unoffi&i $ Tr ns$ tion

$r. the <irector Aeneral, I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter dated 5 April )*(*, regarding the concreti6ation of the objectives underlined in the 2esolution A, HB;I 2/'K(5, having to do with the "Israeli nuclear capabilities#, adopted by the B;rd session of the Aeneral ,onference of the International Atomic /nergy Agency HIA/AI in 'eptember )**D. In this regard, it is worth reminding that the %ingdom of $orocco, that has always supported the international efforts related to the matter of nuclear non9proliferation and disarmament, reiterates its willingness to cooperate with the International Atomic /nergy Agency and to actively support the efforts of the <irector Aeneral of the Agency aiming at providing the necessary assurances about the peaceful nature of the $ember 'tates through the application of the IA/A safeguards system. Within this framework, $orocco gives a particular importance to the generali6ed safeguards and supports the reinforcement of the IA/A safeguard system. In addition to this, the %ingdom of $orocco believes that the IA/A should be given the ade+uate means to fulfill its mandate efficiently and in accordance with the statute of the Treaty of :on9proliferation of :uclear Weapons.

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In reply to your re+uest, the attached document presents the %ingdom of $orocco7s position as to the implementation of the dispositions of the 2esolution A, HB;I 2/'K(5.

3ours cordially $inister of &oreign Affairs and ,ooperation TAI= &A''I &I02I <r. 3ukia Amano Aeneral <irector International Atomic /nergy Agency Wagramer 'trasse B A9(E**, >ienna Austria

PO6ITION PAPER Chi$!ren in r,e! &onf$i&ts

.n the occasion of the FBth session of the Aeneral Assembly, the %ingdom of $orocco wants to reiterate its full commitment to the cause of children in armed conflicts and its support to all the international efforts aiming at eradicating this scourge, through different treaties that the %ingdom has ratified. In this regard, $orocco congratulates the 'ecurity ,ouncil for the adoption of the resolution (88D H)**DI and the Aeneral Assembly for the adoption of several resolutions regarding children7s rights H namely the resolutions F;K )E( in )**8 followed by FEK(EF in )*(*I which represent an important step towards the imprisonment of all individuals, entities or parties that are responsible for any murder, mutilation, rape or any kind of sexual abuse against children during a period of conflict. Thanks to these resolutions, such crimes are considered, from now on, as war crimes. The %ingdom of $orocco is deeply concerned by the persistence of this problem, especially on the African continent. Therefore, $orocco, being one of the first countries to ratify the @rinciples of @aris, calls all the nations, particularly those involved in armed conflicts, to ratify that treaty as well as the .ptional @rotocols.
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The %ingdom of $orocco calls for the establishment of binding measures, such as! 2einforcing the initiatives led by the speciali6ed institutions such as the 1nited :ations <evelopment @rogram H1:<@I, the 1nited :ations ,hildren7s &und H1:I,/&I and the World 0ealth .rgani6ation HW0.I as well as improving the cooperation of their actions. @romoting, through the 1nited :ations, national measures aiming at the reinforcement of children7s protection, such as the @rinciples of @aris. Implementing effective demobili6ation and reinsertion programs and creating better economic and social conditions as preventive measures against the recruitment of children.

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