Bauer 2011 030 0573 03 E

Role of Hydro Power Balancing System Stability
Franz Bauer VGB PowerTech
CONTENT Characteristics Demand Structure Grid Control Balancing Requirements Supply System - Generation Transmission Role of Hydro Power
VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro
Electricity Supply System

is like a
MOBILE sensible for unbalanced changes
Characteristics Demand Structure Grid Control Balancing Requirements Supply System - Generation Transmission Role of Hydro Power
Generation and Grid Interaction

Examples for different intermitting Generation Input to the System for different wind conditions
overall RES Contribution is ~ 15 % including Biomass & Hydro
Impact of RES Frequency Distribution of Load Changes leading to ~ 2000h/a at an average ramp 35 GW
Source: Fraunhofer IWES
Horizon 2030 with corresp. Supply Structure

Power Demand & Generation In monthly resolution TWh
Source: Fraunhofer IWES
Vision of Electricity Highway combined with Storage Facilities a Pre-Requisite for i-RES
Grid Constraints Tighten the Need for Flexibility

Increasingneedfornew investmentinthe transmissionnetworkis recognizedby theGermangovernment. Butextensionofelectricity transmissionnetworkisnot progressingasplanneddue to Timeconsuming approvalprocedures Increasingpublic resistance Legalconstraints (e.g.underground cables)
Regional supply-demand balance 2008
Offshore wind Conventional new-builds
Regional supply-demand balance 2030
! ! !
Nuclear decommissioning
-1,000
3,000
6,000
9,000
-1,000
5,000
10,000
15,000
Capacity (MW)
Capacity (MW)
Grid bottlenecks
Example: Germany
Source: RWE internal estimates
Total electrical network: Power Balance
Universitt Rostock
Stability of primary control effect of reduced inertia

The stability of the grid is defined by the balance between demand and supply
Acceleration Power and Primary Control: Sum of produced power = consumed power
and the inertia of the system provided by the rotating machines = turbine/generators
time
Recuction of Inertia not stable
Options to manage the Volatility
Storage is mitigating the Load Gradient within Grid Management long-term Storage in Germany not possible!
20.000 Wind Power Firmness equiv. dispatchable I. very large Fluctuation Range, in 18.000 the future partly Excess of Electricty ranges between 7- to 10 % max
Gesamte installierte Wind Leistung: 24.817 MW (01.12.2009)
16.000 14.000
24.000
Wind Power [MW]
12.000 10.000
Wind Power [MW]
II. extremly huge Load Gradient
20.000
16.000
12.000
8.000
4.000
8.000 6.000
0 Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez
2008 2008
III. enduring Flauten to be bridged

4.000 2.000 0 02.02.
03.02.
04.02.
05.02.
06.02.
07.02.
Data Source: ISET

today available Pump Storage Capability in Germnay ~ 6,2 GWel
2009
NeedforBackupPowerandFlexibleTools
25000 Wind power production in MW 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Time in h
Installed capacity > 25 GW Actual power production between 0 and 85 % of the installed capacity during all seasons Non-demand-driven intermittent energy source
Source: Data from June 2009 to May 2010 from Amprion, EnBW Transportnetze, transpower and 50 Hertz Transmission
6000 Difference between predicted and actual wind power generation in MW
Accuracy of prediction improved, but absolute value of mismatch will increase if wind power capacity is doubled Last year, difference of 800 MW in average between predicted and actual wind power generation, peaks up to 5 GW
4000 2000 0 0 -2000 -4000 -6000 Time in h 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Renewable Power Generation

How can Energy Storage help to balance Supply and Demand?
160
GW
Renewables Demand 1. HV Grid extension 2. Generation Curtailment 3. Power to Gas 1. Flexible Demand 2. Backup Generation Capacity
120 80 40 0 0
40 GW Storage Technologies - Hour-to-Day - Day-to-Week Hours
3000
6000
9000
VGB-Kongress 2011 / Dr. Kruhl, Dr. Doll / B4 Speicherung 16
Exemplaric GER Scenario 80 % Renewables. Import/export and grid congestions VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro NOT taken into account.
Requirements for Storage Capacities as a function of the Variation of Wind Power

120 Assumed variation 2050 [Wind: 25%] 80 present Capacity In WEU [ 33 GW] 2015 [Wind: 18%]
probable
Storage capacity [GW]
40
2010 [Wind: 10%] 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Volatility = Variation of wind power [%]

IEA Study
Energy System Evolving in all Areas

Generation Transport Consumption
Off-shore
BHKW
HV
MV
LV
Increasing share of renewable and small scale generation requires action across the whole value chain
Challenge: Exceeding Renewable Energy Production!

Off-shore
BHKW
KWK
HV
MV
LV
Grid Extension (HV) Connector Capacity Reinforcements (HV/LV)

Grid Extension (LV)

Challenge: Lack of Renewable Energy Production!

BHKW
CSP HV MV LV
KWK BHKW
Low CAPEX Backup Capacity

Smart Grid
flexible Demand
Demand for Control Requirements
Different Requierements for Storage

need different Solutions (Power Capacity and Duration)
Duration
year long term Year
Avoid gridextensions
month
Lack of wind production Exceeding of wind production
week
Day
Dailyexceeding
short term hour
min
Balancingpower Power
small scale large scale
Different Requierements for Storage

need different Solutions (Power Capacity and Duration)
Duration
year long term Year
month
Lack to of wind Power Gas production Avoid grid extensions - gas grid injection - gas to electricity Exceeding of wind production
week
short term
hour
Battery - Li-Ion - Redox Flow
- Pumped Hydro - Compressed Air Dailyexceeding - Battery Fleets
Day
min
Balancing Power Power

small scale large scale
Existing storage and potential demand for new build and potential additions
Technically feasible additions (GW) Existing and demand of storage (GW)
80
EU-27 + CH + NO
1.000 P2G, Battery
60 40 20
+23
demand new storage
PHS projects existing PHS 2020 2035
260 CAES Demand Add. Storage 29 44 40 PHS 70 E-Mob
0 2010
Sufficient technical potential for new PHS and new storage!
Demand Potential + existing additions
Role of Hydro Power

RES Characteristics Variability & limits in Predictability Balancing Requirements Grid Control = primary/secondary Coping with Ramps occurring with high frequency System Stability determined by Ratio RES - Conventional Need for Storage Capacities Hydro Power most feasible Tool to balance mismatch Demand and Supply Variability of RES
many thanks

Bauer 2011 030 0573 03 E

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Role of Hydro Power Balancing System Stability

Franz Bauer VGB PowerTech

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Electricity Supply System

MOBILE sensible for unbalanced changes

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Generation and Grid Interaction

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Source: Fraunhofer IWES

Generation and Grid Interaction

Horizon 2030 with corresp. Supply Structure

Power Demand & Generation In monthly resolution TWh

Source: Fraunhofer IWES

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Grid Constraints Tighten the Need for Flexibility

Regional supply-demand balance 2030

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Total electrical network: Power Balance

Stability of primary control effect of reduced inertia

Recuction of Inertia not stable

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Options to manage the Volatility

Wind Power [MW]

Wind Power [MW]

II. extremly huge Load Gradient

III. enduring Flauten to be bridged

Data Source: ISET

today available Pump Storage Capability in Germnay ~ 6,2 GWel

Renewable Power Generation

40 GW Storage Technologies - Hour-to-Day - Day-to-Week Hours

Requirements for Storage Capacities as a function of the Variation of Wind Power

Storage capacity [GW]

2010 [Wind: 10%] 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Volatility = Variation of wind power [%]

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Energy System Evolving in all Areas

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Challenge: Exceeding Renewable Energy Production!

Grid Extension (HV) Connector Capacity Reinforcements (HV/LV)

Grid Extension (LV)

Challenge: Lack of Renewable Energy Production!

Low CAPEX Backup Capacity

Demand for Control Requirements

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Different Requierements for Storage

Lack of wind production Exceeding of wind production

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

Different Requierements for Storage

Battery - Li-Ion - Redox Flow

- Pumped Hydro - Compressed Air Dailyexceeding - Battery Fleets

Balancing Power Power

VGB PowerTech e.V.| Balancing Hydro

demand new storage

PHS projects existing PHS 2020 2035

260 CAES Demand Add. Storage 29 44 40 PHS 70 E-Mob

Sufficient technical potential for new PHS and new storage!

Demand Potential + existing additions

VGB-Kongress 2011 / Dr. Kruhl, Dr. Doll / B4 Speicherung 26