Question 1

1. A manufacturer of suntan lotion could set a(n) ____ goal to increase revenues by 8 percent over the next five years and a(n) ____ goal to increase sales next June in Miami Beach by 3 percent. 1. tactical; strategic 2. operational; tactical 3. distal; proximal 4. operational; strategic 5. proximal; distal 1 points

Question 2
1. One of the benefits of planning is how it ____. 1. encourages people to work harder for extended periods 2. encourages people to try a variety of different ways to do others' jobs 3. reduces employee turnover 4. creates a mechanistic environment 5. does none of these 1 points

Question 3
1. How does a company benefit from planning? 1. increased use of groupthink 2. less solidified group cohesion 3. more compliance with organizational culture 4. intensified effort, persistence, direction, and creation of task strategies 5. the ability to make greater use of devil's advocacy 1 points

Question 4
1. The use of ____ in planning produces a false sense of certainty and is often cited as one of the major pitfalls of planning. 1. assumptions 2. commitment 3. detachment 4. tactics 5. benchmarking 1 points

Question 5
1. According to the S.M.A.R.T. guidelines, goals should be ____. 1. Service-oriented 2. Measurable 3. Rational 4. Tactical 5. Actionable 1 points

Question 6
1. Which of the following is a commonly used method for increasing goal commitment? 1. encouraging worker participation in goal setting 2. keeping goals private 3. setting ethical goals 4. using ombudsman to set goals 5. all of these 1 points

Question 7

1. A(n) ____ lists the specific steps, people, resources, and time period for accomplishing a goal. 1. strategy 2. proximal goal 3. distal goal 4. action plan 5. subordinate objective 1 points

Question 8
1. ____ can help organizations to maintain flexibility as they plan. 1. Environmental munificence 2. Options-based planning 3. Formalization 4. Liaisons 5. Group cohesiveness 1 points

Question 9
1. ____ planning keeps options open by making small, simultaneous investments in many alternative plans. 1. Learning-based 2. Options-based 3. Conditioned 4. Functional 5. Operant 1 points

Question 10

1. Planning works best when the goals and action plans at the ____ of the organization support the goals and action plans at the ____ of the organization. 1. bottom and top; middle 2. top and middle; bottom 3. bottom and middle; top 4. group level; individual level 5. staff level; line level 1 points

Question 11
1. Top management is responsible for developing long-term ____ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years. 1. standing plans 2. tactical plans 3. operational plans 4. strategic plans 5. mission statements 1 points

Question 12
1. A(n) ____ is a statement of a company's purpose or reason for existing. 1. mission 2. action plan 3. strategy 4. competitive profile 1 points

Question 13

1. ____ plans are plans that specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission. 1. Strategic 2. Tactical 3. Operational 4. Single-use 5. Dialectical 1 points

Question 14
1. What type of planning would be used to create the festivities necessary to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of a furniture manufacturer? 1. single-use plan 2. contingency plan 3. scenario plan 4. standing plan 5. role-model plan 1 points

Question 15
1. There are three kinds of ____ plans. They are single-use plans, standing plans, and budgets. 1. strategic 2. tactical 3. operational 4. MBO 5. actionable 1 points

Question 16

1. ____ are a type of operational plan. 1. Single-use plans 2. Contingency plans 3. Short-term strategies 4. Mission modifications 5. Benchmarks 1 points

Question 17
1. The ____ is a type of operational plan that saves managers time because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events. 1. standing plan 2. budget 3. multiple-use plan 4. options-based plan 5. forecast 1 points

Question 18
1. In case of a fire, most organizations have a series of actions that must take place beginning with notifying the fire department and include evacuating buildings. What kind of a standing plan is described in this example? 1. rules and regulations 2. procedures 3. policies 4. organizational norms 5. security governances 1 points

Question 19

1. A ____ exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing). 1. service gap 2. benchmark 3. condition of uncertainty 4. minimum threshold 5. problem 1 points

Question 20
1. ____ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough, rather than the best possible alternative. 1. Maximizing 2. Optimizing 3. Availability bias 4. Negative frame 5. Satisficing 1 points

Question 21
1. Groupthink occurs in ____. 1. newly formed groups whose members were arbitrarily selected and who are assigned to make programmed decisions 2. groups in which members have dissimilar backgrounds 3. standing committees whose members are under no pressure to agree 4. groups whose members are elected to serve as figureheads 5. highly cohesive groups where there is a great deal of pressure to agree with each other 1 points

Question 22
1. Which of the following steps in the decision-making process can be done better by groups than by individuals? 1. defining the problem and generating alternatives 2. creating cohesive solutions to organizational problems as a whole 3. creating weighted alternatives and coping with bounded rationality 4. dealing with the problems associated with bounded rationality 5. evaluating how optimal the solution to the problem is and comparing it to other courses of action 1 points

Question 23
1. The ____ approach to decision-making is a method in which an individual or a subgroup is assigned the role of a critic. 1. dialectical inquiry 2. groupthink 3. devil's advocacy 4. Delphi 5. dyadic communications 1 points

Question 24
1. The ____ is a decision-making method in which a panel of experts responds to questions and to each other until an agreement is reached on how a specific issue should be handled. 1. dialectical inquiry technique 2. nominal group technique 3. Delphi technique 4. electronic brainstorming technique 5. feedback method

1 points

Question 25
1. The nominal group technique improves group decision making by ____. 1. requiring the selection of co-leaders to prevent member dominance 2. providing predetermined group norms 3. eliminating group cohesiveness 4. decreasing a-type conflict 5. encouraging all members to have an equal voice in the decision making process