ASME B31.

8-2010

MANDATORY APPENDIX F EXTRUDED HEADERS AND WELDED BRANCH CONNECTIONS1

F-1 EXTRUDED HEADERS
Definitions and limitations applicable to Figs. F-1 through F-4 are as follows: D p outside diameter of run, in. (mm) Dc p corroded internal diameter of run, in. (mm) Do p corroded internal diameter of extruded outlet measured at the level of the outside surface of run, in. (mm) L p height of the reinforcement zone, in. (mm) p 0.7 dT0 Tb p actual thickness of branch wall, not including corrosion allowance, in. (mm) Tr p actual thickness of the run wall, not including the corrosion allowance, in. (mm) To p corroded finished thickness of extruded outlet measured at a height equal to r o above the outside surface of the run, in. (mm) d p outside diameter of branch pipe, in. (mm) dc p corroded internal diameter of branch pipe, in. (mm) ho p height of the extruded lip. This must be equal to or greater than ro, except as shown in limitation (b) of ro below, in. (mm). rl p half width of reinforcement zone (equal to Do), in. (mm) ro p radius of curvature of external contoured portion of outlet measured in the plane containing the axes of the run and branch, in. (mm). This is subject to the following limitations: (a) Minimum Radius. This dimension shall not be less than 0.05d (1.27d), except that on branch diameters larger than 30 in. (762 mm), it need not exceed 1.50 in. (38.1 mm). (b) Maximum Radius. For outlet pipe sizes NPS 8 (DN 200) and larger, this dimension shall not exceed 0.10d + 0.50 in. (2.54d + 12.7 mm). For outlet pipe sizes smaller than NPS 8 (DN 200), this dimension shall not be greater than 1.25 in. (31.75 mm). (c) When the external contour contains more than one radius, the radius on any arc sector of approximately 45 deg shall meet the requirements of (a) and (b) above. (d) Machining shall not be employed to meet the above requirements.
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tb p required thickness of branch pipe according to the steel pipe design formula of para. 841.1.1, but not including any thickness for corrosion, in. (mm) tr p required thickness of the run according to the steel pipe design formula para. 841.1.1, but not including any allowance for corrosion or under-thickness tolerance, in. (mm)

F-2 EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATING THE APPLICATION OF THE RULES FOR REINFORCEMENT OF WELDED BRANCH CONNECTIONS
F-2.1 Example 1
An NPS 8 outlet is welded to an NPS 24 header. The header material is API 5LX 46 with a 0.312-in. wall. The outlet is API 5L Grade B (Seamless) Schedule 40 with a 0.322-in. wall. The working pressure is 650 psig. The fabrication is in Location Class 1. Using para. 841.1, the joint efficiency is 1.00. The temperature is 100F. Design factors F p 0.60, E p 1.00, and T p 1.00. For dimensions, see Fig. F-5.

F-2.1.1 Header. Nominal wall thickness required:

tp 650 24 PD p 2 SFET 2 46,000 0.60 1.00 1.00 p 0.283 in.

Excess thickness in header wall:

H t p 0.312 0.283 p 0.029 in.

F-2.1.2 Outlet. Nominal wall thickness required:

tb p 650 8.625 2 35,000 0.60 1.00 1.00 p 0.133 in.

Excess thickness in outlet wall:

B tb p 0.322 0.133 p 0.189 in. d p inside diameter of opening p 8.625 2 0.322 p 7.981 in.

F-2.1.3 Reinforcement Required

AR p dt p 7.981 0.283 p 2.259 in.2

F-2.1.4 Reinforcement Provided by Header

A1 p (H t) d p 0.029 7.981 p 0.231 in.2

See para. 831.6.

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F-2.1.5 Effective Area in Outlet

Height L p 21/2 B + M (assume 1/4-in. pad) p (21/2 0.322) + 0.25 p 1.055 in.

d p inside diameter of opening p 219.08 2 8.179 p 202.72 mm

F-2.1.3M Reinforcement Required

AR p dt p 202.72 7.178 p 1 455.2 mm2

or L p 21/2H p 2.5 0.312 p 0.780 in. Use L p 0.780 in.

A2 p 2 (B tb) L p 2 0.189 0.780 p 0.295 in.2

F-2.1.4M Reinforcement Provided by Header

A1 p (H t) d p 0.747 202.72 p 151.34 mm2

This must be multiplied by 35,000/46,000 [see para. 831.4.1(f)].

35,000 p 0.224 in.2 Effective A 2 p 0.295 46,000

F-2.1.5M Effective Area in Outlet

Height L p 21/2 B + M (assume 6.35 mm pad) p (21/2 8.179) + 6.35 p 26.797 mm

Required area:
A3 p AR A1 A 2 p 2.259 0.231 0.224 p 1.804 in.2

or L p 21/2H p 2.5 7.92 p 19.812 mm. Use L p 19.812 mm

A2 p 2 (B tb) L p 2 4.788 19.812 p 189.73 mm2

Use a reinforced plate that is 0.250 in. thick (minimum practicable) 15.5 in. in diameter.
Area p (15.500 8.625) 0.250 p 1.719 in.2

This must be multiplied by 241.3/317.2 [see para. 831.4.1(f)].

Effective A 2 p 189.73 241.3 p 144.36 mm2 317.2

Fillet welds (assuming two 14-in. welds each side):

1

/2 (0.25 0.25) 4 p 0.125 in.2

Required area:
A3 p A R A 1 A 2 p 1 455.2 151.34 144.36 p 1 159.5 mm2

Total A3 provided p 1.844 in.2 See also Fig. F-6.

F-2.1M Example 1M
A DN 200 outlet is welded to a DN 600 header. The header material is 317.2 MPa with a 7.92-mm wall. The outlet is 241.3 MPa (Seamless) with a 8.18 mm wall. The working pressure is 4.48 MPa. The fabrication is in Location Class 1. Using para. 841.1, the joint efficiency is 1.00. The temperature is 37.8C. Design factors F p 0.60, E p 1.00, and T p 1.00. For dimensions, see Fig. F-5.

Use a reinforced plate that is 6.35 mm thick (minimum practicable) 393.7 mm in diameter.
Area p (393.7 219.1) 6.35 p 1 108.9 mm2

Fillet welds (assuming two 6.35 mm welds each side):

1

/2 (6.35 6.35) 4 p 80.65 mm2

F-2.1.1M Header. Nominal wall thickness required:

tp 4.48 609.6 PD p 2SFET 2 317.16 0.60 1.00 1.00 p 7.178 mm

Total A3 provided p 1 189.5 mm2 See also Fig. F-6.

F-2.2 Example 2
An NPS 16 outlet is welded to an NPS 24 header. The header material is API 5LX 46 with a 0.312-in. wall. The outlet is API 5L Grade B (Seamless) Schedule 20 with a 0.312-in. wall. The working pressure is 650 psig. The fabrication is in Location Class 1. By para. 831.4.2, the reinforcement must be of the complete encirclement type. Using para. 841.1, the joint efficiency is 1.00. The temperature is 100F. Design factors F p 0.60, E p 1.00, and T p 1.00. For dimensions, see Fig. F-7.
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Excess thickness in header wall:

H t p 7.925 7.178 p 0.747 mm

F-2.1.2M Outlet. Nominal wall thickness required:

tb p 4.48 219.1 2 241.32 0.60 1.00 1.00 p 3.390 mm

F-2.2.1 Header. Nominal wall thickness required:

tp 650 24 PD p 2 SFET 2 46,000 0.60 1.00 1.00 p 0.283 in.

Excess thickness in outlet wall:

B tb p 8.179 3.390 p 4.788 mm

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Excess thickness in header wall:

H t p 0.312 0.283 p 0.029 in.

Two 14-in. welds to outlet:

1

/2 (0.25 0.25) 2 p 0.063 in.2 Total A 3 provided p 4.119 in.2

F-2.2.2 Outlet. Nominal wall thickness required:

tb p 650 16 2 35,000 0.60 1.00 1.00 p 0.248 in.

The use of end welds is optional (see Fig. I-3).

F-2.2M Example 2M
An DN 400 outlet is welded to an DN 600 header. The header material is 317.2 MPa with a 7.92 mm wall. The outlet is 241.3 MPa (Seamless) with a 7.92 mm wall. The working pressure is 4.48 MPa. The fabrication is in Location Class 1. By para. 841.4.2, the reinforcement must be of the complete encirclement type. Using para. 841.1, the joint efficiency is 1.00. The temperature is 37.8C. Design factors F p 0.60, E p 1.00, and T p 1.00. For dimensions, see Fig. F-7.

Excess thickness in outlet wall:

B tb p 0.312 0.248 p 0.064 in. d p inside diameter of opening p 16.000 2 0.312 p 15.376 in.

F-2.2.3 Reinforcement Required

AR p dt p 15.376 0.283 p 4.351 in.2

F-2.2.1M Header. Nominal wall thickness required:

tp 4.48 609.6 PD p 2 SFET 2 317.16 0.60 1.00 1.00 p 7.178 mm

F-2.2.4 Reinforcement Provided

A1 p (H t) d p 0.029 15.376 p 0.446 in.2

F-2.2.5 Effective Area in Outlet

Height L p 2 1/2 B + M (assume 5/16-in. plate) p (2.5 0.312) + 0.312 p 1.092 in.

Excess thickness in header wall:

H t p 7.925 7.178 p 0.747 mm

or
L p 21/2H p 2.5 0.312 p 0.780 in. Use L p 0.780 in. A 2 p 2 (B tb) L p 2 0.064 0.780 p 0.100 in.2

F-2.2.2M Outlet. Nominal wall thickness required:

tb p 4.48 406.4 2 241.32 0.60 1.00 1.00 p 6.290 mm

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Excess thickness in outlet wall:

B tb p 7.925 6.290 p 1.635 mm d p inside diameter of opening p 406.4 2 7.925 p 390.55 mm

This must be multiplied by 35,000/46,000 [see para. 831.4.1(f)].

Effective A 2 p 0.100 35,000/46,000 p 0.076 in.2

Required area:
A3 p AR A1 A 2 p 4.351 0.446 0.076 p 3.829 in.2

F-2.2.3M Reinforcement Required

AR p dt p 390.55 7.178 p 2 803.5 mm2

F-2.2.4M Reinforcement Provided

A1 p (H t) d p 0.747 390.55 p 291.56 mm2

Approximate required thickness of reinforcement:

3.829 (30 16) p 0.274 in.

F-2.2.5M Effective Area in Outlet

Height L p 2 1/2 B + M (assume 7.94 mm plate) p (2.5 7.92) + 7.94 p 27.75 mm

Use a 0.312-in. plate minimum required length (neglecting welds):

3.829 0.312 p 12.272 in. 16 + 12.272 p 29 in. (rounded to the next higher whole number)

or
L p 21/2H p 2.5 7.92 p 19.812 mm. Use L p 19.812 in. A 2 p 2 (B tb) L p 2 1.635 19.812 p 64.80 mm2

Use a plate that is 29 in. long:

Area p 0.312 (29 16) p 4.056 in.2

This must be multiplied by 241.3/317.2 [see para. 831.4.1(f)].

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Effective A 2 p 64.80 241.3/317.2 p 49.30 mm2

Required area:
A3 p A R A 1 A 2 p 2 803.5 291.56 49.30 p 2 462.6 mm2

406.4 + 310.75 p 736.6 mm (rounded to the next higher whole number in customary units, i.e., equivalent to 29 in.)

Use a plate that is 736.6 mm long:

Area p 7.92 (736.6 406.4) p 2616.8 mm2

Approximate required thickness of reinforcement:

2 462.6 (762 406.4) p 6.925 mm

Two 6.35 mm welds to outlet:

1

/2 (0.25 0.25) 2 p 40.32 mm2 Total A 3 provided p 2 657.1 mm2

Use a 7.92 mm plate minimum required length (neglecting welds):

3.829 0.312 p 12.272 in.

The use of end welds is optional (see Fig. I-3).

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Fig. F-1

Fig. F-2

GENERAL NOTE:

Sketch to show method of establishing To when the taper encroaches on the crotch radius.

Fig. F-3

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Fig. F-4

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Fig. F-5 Rules for Reinforcement of Welded Branch Connections

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Fig. F-6

Fig. F-7

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