4th Semester

2nd year 2nd semester subjects:

1. Probability Theory and Random Process 2. Transmission Lines and Fields 3. Modulation Techniques 4. Analog Circuit Design 5. Electrical and Electronic Measurements 6. Basic German 7. Applied Numerical Methods 8. Ethics and Values

ECE201

Probability Theory and Random Processes

Version No.: 1.10 Prerequisite: ECE206 Signals and Systems Objectives: To discuss the concepts of discrete and continuous random variables and to calculate the parameters such as mean and variance. To apply vector space concepts in random signal processing. To classify various types of probability distributions that occurs frequently in communication and signal processing. To associate the concept of strong law of large numbers and the role of Central limit theorem in the convergence of the random variables. To illustrate the concept of random process in WSS and SSS with the importance of Ergodicity and its real time applications. To estimate the power spectral density for a given random signal. Expected Outcome: 1. Obtain probability law (distribution) for a set of output random variables. 2. Identify a specific distribution to be used for a particular random data. 3. Interpret the concept of convergences in random signals from different applications. 4. Describe the random signals in terms of its average properties such as average power in the random signal and its spectral distribution. 5. Model and analyze the effect of noise in electronic circuits used in communication systems.

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Unit I Probability & Random variables Introduction to Probability-Joint and Conditional Probability-Independent Events-Combined Experiments-Bernouli`s Trial-Random Variables-concepts-Distribution and Density FunctionConditional Distribution and Density function. Unit II Special distributions Expectations-Moments (variance)- Uniform Distribution, Distribution and Poisson distributions. Gaussian Distribution, Binomial

Unit III Operations on Random Variable Operations on One Random Variable- MGF-Chernoff`s Inequality & Bounds-Multiple Random Variables-Vector Random Variables-Joint distribution and its Properties-Joint Density and its Properties- Central limit theorem- Operation on two random variables expected value of a function of random -2D Gaussian distribution. Unit IV Random process Random process- realizations, sample paths, discrete and continuous time processes. Probabilistic structure of a random process; mean, autocorrelation and autocovariance functions Stationarity- strict-sense stationary (SSS) and wide-sense stationary (WSS) processes. Autocorrelation function of a real WSS process and its properties, cross-correlation function . Ergodicity and its importance. Spectral representation of a real WSS process- power spectral density, properties of power spectral density. Cross-power spectral density and properties. autocorrelation function and power spectral density of a WSS random sequence.

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Unit V Special Random Processess Linear time-invariant system with a WSS process as an input- stationarity of the output, autocorrelation and power-spectral density of the output; examples with white-noise as inputModeling of noise sources-Resistive Noise Sources-Effective Noise Temperature-Power GainAverage Noise figures-Average Noise Temperatures-Model of Example System-Markov Process. Textbook: 1. P.Z. Peebles, Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles, 4th edition, McGraw Hill, 2000 Reference Books: 1. Papoulis and S.U. Pillai, Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2002. 2. Sophoncles J. Orfanidis, Optimum Signal processing, McGraw Hill, New York 1990. 3. John G. Proakis & Dimitris G. Manolakis Digital Signal Processing, Pearson Education (Indian adopted version), 1/e, 2006. 4. Seymour Lipschutz, Theory and problems of probability, Schaums outline series, McGraw Hill, 1987. 5. Hwei Hsu, Probability, Random variables, Random processes, Schaums outline series, McGraw Hill, 2002. 6. Monson H.Hayes, Statistical digital signal processing and modelling, John Wiley and sons, 2002. 7. H. Stark and J.W. Woods, Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing, Prentice Hall 2002. Mode of Evaluation: CAT- I & II, Quizzes, Assignments/ other tests, Term End Examination.

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TRANSMISSION LINES AND FIELDS

L 3 Aims and Objectives: To know the different types of Transmission lines in vogue. To get to know the possible measurements to be made. To understand the importance and use of different types of waveguides.

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Transmission Line theory Common types of transmission lines used in circuits, lumped circuit model for transmission line and formal solutions. Characteristic impedance, propagation constant, attenuation and phase constants . Open circuited and short circuited lines. Reflection of line not terminated in Z0- Reflection coefficient- standing wave ratio- reflection factor return loss. Generator and mismatches- distortion in transmission lines. Planar transmission lines Microstrip lines- Characteristic impedance-Losses in microstrip lines Q-factor of microstrip line. Parallel strip lines- distributed parameters- characteristic impedance- losses Coplanar strip line- shielded strip linetapered strip line-microstrip resonator CAT cable Matching and Measurement Transmission line resonator- impedance matching-single and double stub. Narrowband and broadband matching- quarter wave transformer. Measurement of VSWR, impedance, insertion loss and attenuation using Smith chart Introduction to EMI Electromagnetic noise sources - Coupling of transmission lines to external EM fields - Coupling between lines - Grounding and shielding methods. Waveguides General solutions for TEM, TE and TM waves- parallel plate waveguide Rectangular waveguide -TE, TM modes, power transmission, losses in rectangular waveguide-excitation of modes. Circular waveguide- TE, TM modes, power transmission Dielectric fiber and rod waveguidewaveguide coupling, attenuation factor and Q of waveguide Coaxial lines TEM and higher order modes Text Book 1. John D. Ryder, Network lines and Fields, PHI, 2003. 2. David M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, John Wiley2003. Reference Books 1. Samuel Y Liao, Microwave devices and circuits, Pearson education, 2003 2. Robert C Newman, Broadband Communication, PH International, 2002 Mode of evaluation: CAT- I & II , Assignments/ other tests, Term End Examination.

Proceedings of the 16th Academic Council held on 25.11.2008

ECE203 Version No.: Prerequisite: 1.20

Modulation Techniques

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ECE101 Electron Devices and Circuits

Objectives: To introduce the elements of communication systems, describe the generalized block diagram and the types of communication systems. To discuss the concepts of noise, noise voltage, noise temperature, SNR of various modulation schemes. To explain the need for modulation and describe the concepts behind the CW, PM, Angle modulation techniques. To illustrate and explain various pulse modulation techniques Expected Outcome: 1. Analyze the effects of noise in CW &angle modulation 2. Demonstrate the generation and detection of amplitude and angle modulation techniques 3. Identify and compare different pulse modulation techniques Unit I Introduction to Communication System Need and Importance of Communication, Elements of Communication System, Generalized block diagram of communication system, Role of each block (information source, transmitter, channel/communication media, receiver).Types of communication systems- Simplex and Duplex systems, Analog and digital systems, Applications of Electronic Communications, Electromagnetic Spectrum used in communication and various frequency bands, Concept of bandwidth. Unit II Amplitude Modulation Need for modulation amplitude modulation frequency spectrum Power relation different types of modulators SSB and VSB modulation and demodulation. AM transmitters Block diagram functions of each block high level transmitters- Problems. Unit III Angle Modulation Principle of frequency and phase modulation Relation between FM and PM waves Bandwidth of FM Narrow band wide band FM Generation of FM wave Direct and Indirect methods FM transmitters Block diagram functions of each block- Problems. Unit IV Noise, Detection and Receivers Noise in communication and types of noise (External and Internal), Noise voltage, Signal-tonoise ratio, Noise figure, Noise temperature. Noise in CW modulation systems: Receiver model, signal to noise ratio (SNR), noise figure, noise temperature, noise in DSB-SC, SSB, AM & FM receivers, pre-emphasis and de-emphasis Detection Diode detectors Synchronous detection FM detectors slope detectors Phase discriminators Ratio detectors. Receiver different types super hetero dyne receivers Block diagram Choice of IF and Oscillator frequencies Tracking alignment AVC, AFC Receiver characteristics.

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Unit V Pulse Modulation Systems Sampling theorem Pulse amplitude modulation Channel bandwidth for PAM detection of PAM signals Pulse width modulation generation of PWM and PPM conversion of PWM to PPM detection of PWM and PPM TDM & FDM, problems related to TDM & FDM. Textbooks 1. G. Kennedy, Electronic Communication Systems, McGraw Hill, 2006. 2. Roddy and Coolen, Electronic Communication, Prentice Hall of India, 2005. Reference Books 1. Taub and Schilling, Principles of Communication Systems, McGraw Hill, 2007. 2. Wayne Tomasi, Electronic Communications Systems Fundamentals Through advanced, 5th Edition, Pearson Education, 2005. 3. Wayne Tomasi, Electronic Communications Systems Fundamentals Through advanced, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, 2007. Mode of Evaluation: CAT- I & II, Quizzes, Assignments/ other tests, Term End Examination.

ECE203 List of Experiments: 1. Amplitude modulation 2. Amplitude demodulation 3. Frequency modulation 4. Frequency demodulation 5. Pulse amplitude modulation 6. Pulse width modulation 7. Mixer 8. Pre-emphasis 9. De-emphasis 10. Sample and Hold Circuit.

Modulation Techniques Lab

11. Noise calculation in AM receiver using MATLAB. 12. Noise calculation in FM receiver using MATLAB.

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ECE204 Version No.: Prerequisite:

Analog Circuit Design 1.10 ECE207 Analog Electronic Circuits

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Objectives: Describe the Characteristics, frequency response and limitations of the operational amplifiers. Analyze and design operational amplifier circuits to perform analog computations, switching circuits, waveform generators and active filters. Describe the operations of the 555 timers and PLLs and their applications. Exhibit the characteristics of DAC and ADC circuits. Expected Outcome: 1. Apply mathematical concepts to characterize and model the circuits using IC 741. 2. Design and troubleshoot simple analog circuits using Op amp, Timer ICs and PLLs. 3. List and discuss possible reasons for deviation between predicted and measured results from an experiment or problems. 4. Construct A/D and D/A converters and study their characteristics. Unit I Op-Amp Characteristics Op-Amp equivalent circuits, terminals, ideal Op-Amp, Op-Amp DC characteristics: LowFrequency Model of Op-Amp, Non inverting Amplifier, Inverting Amplifier, bias, offset, thermal drift, AC characteristics: Closed-Loop Frequency Response, Slew Rate, Combination of Linear Noise in Operational Amplifier, Common Mode Rejection. Unit II Linear Op- Amp Circuits DC and AC amplifiers, summing, scaling, and averaging amplifiers, Instrumentation amplifiers, I/V, V/I converter, Integrator, Differentiator, differential amplifiers. Op-amp with negative feedback: voltage series, voltage shunt feedback amplifiers, Signal conditioning Circuits. Unit III Op-Amps with Diodes Logarithmic Amplifiers, Rectifiers, Peak DetSection and Voltage Regulation, LM 117/LM317 Regulators. Unit IV Comparators and Waveform Generators Comparator zero crossing detector, schmitt trigger, free-running, one-shot Multivibrators, sine wave generators- Barkhausen Criterion ,phase-shift, wein-bridge oscillators, Square/Triangular, saw-tooth wave Function Generator. Unit V Active Filters Filter Classifications, Frequency and Impedance Scaling Butterworth Filter Responses Low-Pass and High Pass Designs, Band-Pass Filter, Notch filter, All-pass filter. Unit VI PLL and Timers Phase detector comparator, VCO, Low-pass filter, monolithic PLL, PLL applications, operating modes 555 timer, Astable and monostable operation and applications. Unit VII A/D and D/A Converters Sample-and-hold circuits, DAC characteristics, D/A conversion techniques, A/D characteristics, A/D conversion techniques-integrating, successive approximation, flash converters. Textbooks 1. R. A. Gayakwad, Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuit, 4/e Pearson Education, 2003.

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2. D. Roy Choudhury, Linear integrated Circuits, New-Age International Publishers, 2002. Reference Books 1. Robert F. Coughlin, and Driscoll, Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, 6/e, Pearson Education 2001. 2. P. R. Gray and R. G. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuit, John Wiley, 2003. Mode of Evaluation: CAT- I & II, Quizzes, Assignments/ other tests, Term End Examination.

ECE204

Analog Circuit Design Lab

List of Experiments 1. Design of square wave generator for a specified frequency and duty cycle, using OP-Amp IC741 and Design of triangular wave generator from square wave generator. 2. Design of a sinusoidal oscillator for specified frequency based on Wien bridge and RC phase shift oscillators using IC-741 3. Design and testing of precision rectifier. 4. Design and testing of Active Filters LPF& HPF for specified frequency 5. Application of Timer IC 555

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ECE205

Electrical and Electronic Measurements

Version No.: 1.20 Prerequisite: Objectives: To provide basic understanding of electrical and electronic measurement systems. To give a thorough knowledge of varieties of measuring instruments, its operating principles and limitations. Expected Outcome: 1. Measure and analyze different electrical parameters. 2. Calibration techniques in the process of measurement. 3. Handle different types of Oscilloscopes and recorders. 4. Using wave analyzers, spectrum analyzers for the measurement of frequency, phase angle etc. Unit I Error Analysis and Control Static and Dynamic Characteristics of a Measurement System, Error analysis in measurement systems Static and dynamic error, Bias and Precision Error, Sources of Errors in Experimental testing, Sources of Elemental Error, Error Control. Unit II Electrical Measurements I Current and Voltage measurement instruments - PMMC, Moving coils, moving iron, dynamometer type, rectifier type, and thermal instruments. Hall effect Wattmeter, Thermal type wattmeter, Compensated wattmeter, Single and three-phase power measurement. Energy measurement and energy meters, Magnetic measurements, Maximum demand meter, P.F. meter, High voltage measurements Unit III Electronic Measurements I Resistive measurement - Resistive Potentiometric measurements, Strain Gauge measurementsForce and Torque measurement, Resistance thermometers- RTD and Thermisters. Capacitive measurement design - capacitive Pickups, Differential capacitive pressure transducers. Inductive measurement - Differential Transformers, LVDT, Variable reluctance pickups, RVDT. Thermocouple, Piezoelectric Transducers- Acceleration measurements. Unit IV Electronic Measurements II Solid State measurement Design and Instruments- BJT, FET and MOSFET Voltmeter circuits, Solid State Multi-meter, Digital Multi-meter. Signal Generation: Audio and Radio frequency signal generators, AM signal generator, Function generator. Wave analyzer, Spectrum analyzer, Frequency Measurement, Measurement of period and time, Phase angle measurement. Text Books Cooper W.D and Helfrick A.D, Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques, 4/e, Pearson Education, 2004. David A. Bell, Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, 2/e, Prentice Hall Inc., New Delhi, 1997. Reference Books 1. Robert A. Witte, "Electronic Test Instruments - Analog and Digital Measurements", Pearson Education, 2/e, 2002. 2. Ernest O Doebelin and Dhanesh N. Manik, Measurement Systems Application and Design 5/e, McGraw Hill. 2007. 3. Golding E.W and Widdis F.G., Electrical Measurements and Measuring Instruments, 5/e, Wheeler and Co., New Delhi, 2000. Mode of Evaluation: CAT- I & II, Assignments/ other tests, Term End Examination.

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Proceedings of the 26th Academic Council held on 18.5.2012

MAT205

AppliedNumericalMethods

LTPC 3104

VersionNo. 1.1 Course MAT201Complex Variables and Partial Differential Equations Prerequisites Objectives This course attempts to cover certain basic, important computer oriented numerical methods for analyzing problems that arise in engineering and physical sciences. The students are expected to use MATLAB as the primary computer language to obtain solutions to a few assigned problems. ExpectedOutcome By the end of the course, students should be able to appreciate the power of numerical methods and use them to analyze the problems connected with data analysis, and solution of ordinary and partial differential equations that arise in their respective engineering courses. Introduction/Review 2 hours MATLAB fundamentals, MATLAB graphics, simple matlab demonstration programs. Numerical errors: Round off error, Truncation error, Propagated error. (No question should be set from review portions) Unit1 AlgebraandTranscendentalSystemofEquations 9 +3 hours General iterative method- secant method- Newton Raphson method - non-linear equations- solution of system of equations- generalized Newtons method(roots of equation-solution of system of equations), - rate of convergence- Gauss Seidel method for system of linear equations convergence criterion- positive definiteness of a matrixspectral radius of a matrix-tridiagonal system of equations Thomas algorithm. Unit2 NumericalDifferentiationandIntegration 9 +3 hours Interpolation- finite differences- Newtons formulae for interpolation- Langrage interpolation, interpolation with cubic splines, - numerical differentiation- maxima minima for tabulated values-numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpsons 1/3 rd and 3/8 th rules. Rombergs method. Unit3 OrdinaryDifferentialEquations 9+ 3 hours (Review: Taylor series method-Euler and modified Eulers methods) Runge Kutta methods - fourth order R.K method systems of equations and higher order equations.multi step methods: Adams-Bashforth method- boundary value problems- the shooting method, eigen value problems- finite difference method. Unit4 PartialDifferentialEquations 9+3 hours Elliptic equation-Laplace equation- Liebmanns method Jacobis method- Gauss- Seidal method- parabolic equations - hyperbolic equations -explicit methods Crank Nicholson implicit method -Von Neumann stability condition-CFL(CourantFriedrichs Lewy) stability condition.

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Unit5 CalculusofVariation 9 +3 hours Functionals- - Euler- Lagrange equation- extremals- isoperimetric problems - The Rayleigh Ritz method- Galerkins method. TextBooks 1. M. K. Jain, S. R. K. Iyengar and R. K. Jain, Numericalmethodsforscientificand Engineering,New Age International Ltd., 5th Edition (2010).The topics in the chapters 2,3,4,5,6,7 2. C. F. Gerald and P.V. Wheatley. Applied Numerical analysis, Addition-Wesley, 7th Edition (2004). ReferenceBooks 1. S. S. Sastry, Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, PHI Pvt Ltd ,New Delhi(2003) 2. W.Y. Yang, W. Cao, T.S. Chung and J. Morris, Applied Numerical Methods Using MATLAB Wiley India Edt (2007) 3. Steren C. Chapra and Ra P. Canale, NumericalmethodsforEngineerswith programmingandsoftwareapplications, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill (2001). ModeofEvaluation RecommendedbytheBoardofStudieson12052012 Dateofapprovalbythe AcademicCouncil

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HUM121EthicsandValues LTPC 2023 VersionNo.: 2 CoursePrerequisites Nil Objectives: To understand and appreciate ethical issues facing an individual, profession, society and polity. ExpectedOutcome: To become better and worthy citizens and better professionals, and practice ethics in every sphere of future life. Unit:1:Beinggoodandresponsible 6hours Gandhian values such as truth and non-violence comparative analysis on leaders of past and present societys interests versus self interests Prevention of harassment, violence and terrorism - Personal Social Responsibility: Helping the needy, charity and serving the society. Unit2:Corruption 6hours Corruption: ethical values, causes, impact, laws, prevention electoral malpractices white collar crimes - tax evasions unfair trade practices. Unit3:AddictionandHealth 6hours Peer pressure - Alcoholism: ethical values, causes, impact, laws, prevention Ill effects of smoking - Prevention of Suicides Sexual Health: Prevention and impact of premarital pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Unit4:DrugAbuse 6hours Abuse of different types of legal and illegal drugs: ethical values, causes, impact, laws and prevention. Unit5:PersonalandProfessionalEthics 6hours Dishonesty - Stealing - Malpractices in Examinations - Plagiarism Abuse of technologies: Hacking and other Cyber Crimes, addiction to mobile phone usage, video games and social networking websites. TextBook:Course material to be provided in the class. References:General ModeofEvaluation: Reporting of unethical issues with proof (whistle blowing), Poster presentation /short films presentation, Street play, Group discussion/debate, Projects on leaders/issues and TEE 15.05.2012 RecommendedbytheBoardof Studieson: 18.05.2012 DateofApprovalbytheAcademic Council:

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HUM121EthicsandValues

LTPC

Objectives To Inculcate the ethical values in individual, profession, society and polity through participatory learning methodology ExpectedOutcomes To become better and worthy citizens and better professionals, and practice ethics in every sphere of future life. ListofExperiments: (Title of the experiment) (For each credit, it is possible to conduct 12-14 experiments) 1. Street Play 2. Street Play 3. Role Play 4. Role Play 5. Debate 6. Group Discussion 7. Poster Presentation 8. Short Film Presentation 9. Short Film Presentation 10. Whistle Blowing 11. Project Presentation 12. Project Presentation ModeofEvaluation: RecommendedbytheBoard ofStudieson: DateofApprovalbythe AcademicCouncil: Presentations and Viva Voce 15-05-2012 18.05.2012

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