Jessie Zhao Period: 1 Chapter #28: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Big Picture Themes 1.

. The Progressives grew out of the Populist or People!s" Part# and sought to correct in$ustices. %. Progressives and &muc'ra'er( writers attac'ed cit# corruption) corporate greed) poor living and wor'ing conditions) alcohol) and women!s right to vote. *ach of these ills saw laws and+or ,mendments passed to attempt to better the condition. -. Tedd# Roosevelt made a name for himself as a &trust.buster(. That is) he bro'e up a few high.profile companies that he said were monopolies or trusts". Busting trusts and thus creating competition was to benefit the average person. /. 0e also obtained huge tracts of land) usuall# out 1est) for par's and conservation. 2. Roosevelt pic'ed Taft to follow him) but Taft began to stra# from Roosevelt!s wa#s and the two split. Chapter# 28: 3dentifications Jacob Riis , 4uc'ra'er) this man is famous for using photograph# to document the incredibl# poor conditions of man# impoverished communities in the earl# %5th centur#. Ida Tarbell ,nother 4uc'ra'er who e6posed the 7tandard 8il Trust. Robert M. LaFollete Progressive Republican 9overnor of 1isconsin) this man wrested control from the corporations and gave it bac' to the people Charles Evans H !hes reformist Republican governor of :ew ;or'< he had earlier gained national fame as an investigator of malpractices b# gas and insurance companies and b# the coal trust "pton #inclair he was a muc'ra'ers for the meat pac'ing industr# and he wrote a boo' called & the Jungle( about the meat industr#. Initiative favored direct primar# elections and voters being able to directl# propose legislation themselves) citi=ens can introduce a bill. Re$erend % >oters cast ballots against laws

Jessie Zhao Period: 1 Recall ?iti=ens can vote to remove elected officials from office. M c&ra&ers Journalists who wanted to e6pose the evil of societ#. El&ins 'ct fined railroads that gave rebates and the shippers that accepted them Hepb rn 'ct restricted the passes of railroads. (orthern #ec rities Case 3n 1@5/) the supreme court upheld TR!s antitrust suit and ordered :orthern 7ecurities to dissolve) a decision that angered big business but helped TR!s image. 3t was organi=ed b# J.P. 4organ and James J. 0ills Meat Inspection 'ct decreed that the preparation of meat shipped over state lines would besub$ect to federal inspection from corral to can ) re Food and *r ! 'ct prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foodsand pharmaceuticals (e+lands 'ct 1ashington was authori=ed to collect mone# from the sale of public lands in the sun.ba'ed western states and then use these funds for the development of irrigation pro$ects< settlers reapid the cost of reclamation form their now.productive soil) and the mone# was put into a revolving fund to finance more such enterprises< lead to widespread dam construction *ollar diplo%ac, President TaftAs polic# of using economic interests as an inconspicuous wa# to bind other nations to the B7 )a,ne-'ldrich 'ct authori=ed national ban's to issue emergenc# currenc# bac'ed b# various collaterals. .allin!er-)inchot '$$air when 7ecretar# of the 3nterior Ballinger opened public lands to corporate development) he was critici=ed b# Pinchot chief of the ,griculture CepartmentAs Civision of Dorestr# and a stalwart Rooseveltian"< Taft dismissed Pinchot on the grounds of insubordination) and protest arose from conservationists and Rooseveltians< the whole episode further widened the growing rift between the president and the former president) onetime bosom political partners

Jessie Zhao Period: 1 Chapter #28: / ided Readin! 0 estions Progressive Roots Enow: Progressives) Faisse=.faire) 0enr# Cemarest Flo#d) Jacob Riis) Theodore Creiser) Jane ,ddams) Fillian 1eld 1. 1hat were the goals of the ProgressivesG The goals were to stop corruption in the government) monopolies from forming trusts) inefficienc# of the government) and social in$ustice. Ra'ing 4uc' with the 4uc'ra'ers Enow: McClure's) Fincoln 7teffens) 3da 4. Tarbell) Thomas 1. Fawson) Cavid 9. Phillips) Ra# 7tannard Ba'er) John 7pargo %. 1hat issues were addressed b# the ma$or muc'ra'ersG 4uc'ra'ers were people who would e6pose the evil in societ# such as trusts and the meat industr#. Political Progressivism Enow: Cirect Primar# *lections) 3nitiative) Referendum) Recall) ,ustralian Ballot) 4illionairesA ?lub) 7eventeenth ,mendment) 7uffragists -. Cefine each of the ma$or political reforms that progressives desired. Cirect Primar#: all part# members can elect nominees 3nitiative: citi=ens can introduce a bill Referendum: voters cast ballots against laws Recall: citi=ens can vote to remove elected officials from office 1H ,mendment: direct election of senators ,ustralian Ballot: secret ballot which was a response from political machines 4illionaries! club: snide nic'name for the 7enate 7uffragists: those who wanted to e6tend votes to women Progressivism in the ?ities and 7tates Enow: Robert 4. Fa Dollette) The 1isconsin 3dea) 0iram 1. Johnson) ?harles *vans 0ughes /. 1hat changes did progressives ma'e at the cit# and state levelG The# wanted to improve conditions of cites and the# started having people clean the cit# up and b# doing that ) more $obs were opened. Progressive 1omen Enow: Triangle 7hirtwaist ?ompan#) Muller v. Oregon, Lochner v. New York) 1omanAs ?hristian Temperance Bnion) Drances *. 1illard) I1etI and ICr#I 2. 0ow successful were Progressives in combating social illsG The# were successful. Progressives made ma$or improvements in the fight against child labor. The landmar' case of 4uller vs. 8regon found attorne# Fouis C. Brandeis persuading the 7upreme ?ourt to accept the constitutionalit# of laws that protected women wor'ers. ,nti.liJuor organi=ations li'e the 1omanAs ?hristian Temperance Bnion) founded b# Drances *. 1illard)

Jessie Zhao Period: 1 and the ,nti.7aloon Feague were formed. Dinall#) in 1@1@) the 1Kth ,mendment prohibited the sale and drin'ing of alcohol. TRAs 7Juare Ceal for Fabor Enow: 7Juare Ceal) Cepartment of ?ommerce and Fabor L. 1hat were the three ?As of the 7Juare CealG The# were get control of the corporations) consumer protection) and the conservation of the Bnited 7tatesA natural resources. TR ?orrals the ?orporations Enow: *l'ins ,ct) 0epburn ,ct) Trustbusting) :orthern 7ecurities ?ompan# H. ,ssess the following statement) ITedd# RooseveltAs reputation as a trustbuster is undeserved.I 0e understood the political popularit# of monopol#.smashing) but he did not consider it a sound economic polic#. 0e did not want to punish the trusts for their economic success) so he made his purpose s#mbolic. 0e wanted to prove that the government) not private business) ruled the countr#. 0e did not come down on trusts as hard as he could have. ?aring for the ?onsumer Enow: The Jungle) 4eat 3nspection ,ct K. 1hat was the effect of Bpton 7inclairAs boo') The JungleG 3t enlightened the ,merican public to the disgustingl# unsanitar# food products in the big canning factories. *arth ?ontrol Enow: Dorest Reserve ,ct) 9ifford Pinchot) :ewlands ,ct) ?onservation) ?all of the 1ild) Bo# 7couts) 7ierra ?lub @. 1hat factors led ,mericans to ta'e an active interest in conservationG Roosevelt) convinced b# the actions other conservationists li'e 9ifford Pinchot) head of the federal Civision of Dorestr#) convinced ?ongress to pass the :ewlands ,ct. 0e pined to preserve the nationAs shrin'ing forests b# setting aside 1%2 million acres in federal reserves) earmar'ing millions of acres of coal deposits) and he earmar'ed water resources for irrigation and power. The IRoosevelt PanicI of 1@5H 15. 1hat were the results of the Roosevelt Panic of 1@5HG The panic paved the wa# for long.overdue fiscal reforms) and ?ongress) in 1@5K) passed the ,ldrich.>reeland ,ct in response to the hard.pressed ban's being unable to increase the volume of mone# in circulation.

Jessie Zhao Period: 1 The Rough Rider Thunders 8ut Enow: 1illiam 0oward Taft) *ugene >. Cebs 11. 1hat was the legac# of Tedd# RooseveltAs presidenc#G 0e was to be 'nown as the president to tame capitalism giving it a long adult life) with enthusiasm and perpetual #outhfulness) that strenuousl# sought the middle road between unbridled individualism and paternalistic collectivism) and) most of all) the president that started a conservation crusade. Taft: , Round Peg in a 7Juare 0ole 1%. I1illiam 0oward Taft was less suited for the presidenc# than he appeared to be.I *6plain 0e was fat) $ovial) graduated second in his class at ;ale) had an enviable reputation as a $udge and a law#er) and was a trusted administrator of RooseveltAs) but he had none of the arts of a dashing political leader) was passive to ?ongress) did not ta'e criticism well) and he was more wedded to status Juo than to change. The Collar 9oes ,broad as a Ciplomat Enow: Collar Ciplomac# 1-. 1hat was dollar diplomac# and how was it practicedG , polic# which called for 1all 7treet ban'ers to sluice their surplus dollars into foreign areas of strategic concern to the B.7.) especiall# in the Dar *ast and in the regions critical to the securit# of the Panama ?anal. ,merican forces were brought in to restore order and protect ,merican investment. Taft the Trustbuster Enow: Rule of Reason 1/. 1ho deserves the nic'name ITrustbuster)I Roosevelt or TaftG 3n his four #ears of office) Taft brought @5 suits against trusts. 3n his seven and a half #ears in office) Roosevelt brought // suits against trusts. 3n 1@11) the 7upreme ?ourt ordered the dissolution of the 7tandard 8il ?ompan#. ,fter Taft tried to brea' apart B.7. 7teel despite Roosevelt being personall# involved in one of the mergers that prompted the suit) Taft increasingl# became RooseveltAs antagonist. Taft 7plits the Republican Part# Enow: Pa#ne.,ldrich Tariff) Richard Ballinger) 9ifford Pinchot) Joe ?annon 12. 1h# did the Progressive wing of the Republican Part# turn against TaftG Taft signed the Pa#ne.,ldrich Bill) thus betra#ing his campaign promises and outraging the progressive wing of his part#. Taft rubbed salt in the wound b# proclaiming it Ithe best bill that the Republican part# ever passed.I

Jessie Zhao Period: 1 The Taft.Roosevelt Rupture 1L. 0ow did the Republican Part# split at the part#As 1@1% conventionG 3n 1@11) the :ational Progressive Republican Feague was formed) with FaDollette as its leader) but in Debruar# 1@1%) Roosevelt began writing to state governors that he was willing to accept the Republic nomination. Roosevelt forthwith sei=ed the Progressive banner pushing FaDollette aside. Chapter #21: 1ilsonian Progressivism ,broad Big Picture Themes 1. 1ilson won the presidenc# mainl# because Tedd# Roosevelt ran as a third.part# candidate and split the Republican vote with Taft. %. 1ilson was an idealist and progressive who sought to clean up problems. 0e attac'ed the tariff as too high) ban's as corrupt b# the rich) and trusts as mil'ing the people. -. 1ilson hated war and wanted ,merican foreign polic# to be fair and $ust to all. ?onditions in Fatin ,merica) however) forced this peaceful president to ta'e militar# action. :otabl#) he ordered the B7 ,rm# to chase Pancho >illa in 4e6ico. /. 3n *urope) war had begun. 3n the ,tlantic ocean) 9erman subs began to sin' sin's carr#ing ,mericans) notabl# the Fusitania. 1ilson tried to 'eep ,merica out of the war) and did) for the time being. Chapter #21: 3dentifications E !ene *ebs The Dirst socialist to run for presidenc#. *ven though he lost) his votes were still a big amount and it showed that the socialist part# is still strong. )ancho 2illa 4e6ican revolutionar# who 'illed man# ,mericans in 4e6ico. The Bnited 7tates sent John J Pershing to capture him but never did. John J. )ershin! 9eneral that was sent to capture Pancho >illa but never did. Central )o+ers 1orld 1ar 3 alliance between 9erman#) ,ustria.0ungar# and the 8ttoman *mpire 'llies 1orld 1ar 3 alliance that included Britain) Drance) Russia) and later the Bnited 7tates and 3tal#. The# opposed the ?entral Powers. L sitania This British liner was sun' in 1@12) b# 9erman B.Boats) causing 1ilson to issue a stern warning to the 9ermans) telling them not to attac' unarmed vessels Iwithout warningI.

Jessie Zhao Period: 1 # sse3 )led!e , torpedo from a 9erman submarine hit a french passenger liner) called the 7usse6 in march 1@1L. 1ilson demanded the 9ermans refrain from attac'ing passenger ships. 3n this statement) 9erman# said the# would temporaril# stop these attac's but might have to resume in the future if the British continued to bloc'ade 9erman ports. Federal Reserve 'ct This act created a central ban'ing s#stem) consisting of twelve regional ban's governed b# the Dederal Reserve Board. 3t was an attempt to provide the Bnited 7tates with a sound #et fle6ible currenc#. The Board it created still pla#s a vital role in the ,merican econom# toda#. (e+ (ationalis% RooseveltAs progressive political polic# that favored heav# government intervention in order to assure social $ustice (e+ Freedo% 1oodrow 1ilsonAs domestic polic# that promoted antitrust modification) tariff revision) and reform in ban'ing and currenc# matters. "nder+ood Tari$$ Pushed through ?ongress b# 1oodrow 1ilson) this 1@1- tariff reduced average tariff duties b# almost 12M and established a graduated income ta6 Federal Trade Co%%ission *stablished to preserve competition b# preventing unfair business practices and investigate complaints against companies. Cla,ton 'ntitr st 'ct Fengthened 7herman ,nti.Trust ,ctAs list of practices. *6empted labor unions from being called trusts) legali=ed stri'es and peaceful pic'eting b# labor union members. Chapter #21 3dentifications The IBull 4ooseI ?ampaign of 1@1% Enow: Bull 4oose) :ew :ationalism) :ew Dreedom 1. *6plain the difference between RooseveltAs form of progressivism and 1ilsonAs. Roosevelt campaigned for female suffrage and a broad program of social welfare) such as minimum.wage laws and IsocialisticI social insurance. 1ilsonAs :ew Dreedom favored small enterprise) desired to brea' up all trusts. 1oodrow 1ilson: , 4inorit# President %. IThe N1@1%O election results are fascinating.I *6plain. 1ith the Republicans split) 1oodrow 1ilson easil# won with /-2 *lectoral votes) while Roosevelt had KK and Taft onl# had K) but the Cemocrats did not receive the ma$orit# of the popular vote. 7ocialist *ugene >. Cebs rac'ed up over @55)555 popular votes) while the combined popular totals of Roosevelt and Taft e6ceeded 1ilson.

Jessie Zhao Period: 1 1ilson: The 3dealist in Politics -. 0ow did 1ilsonAs personalit# and past affect the wa# he conducted himself as presidentG 1oodrow 1ilson was a s#mpathi=er with the 7outh) a fine orator) a sincere and morall# appealing politician) a ver# intelligent man) cold personalit#.wise) austere) intolerant of stupidit#) and ver# idealistic. 1hen convinced he was right) 1ilson would brea' before he would bend) unli'e Roosevelt. 1ilson Tac'les the Tariff Enow: Bnderwood Tariff /. 1hat were the three parts of the Itriple wall of privilegeGI Trust) Ban') and Tariffs 1ilson Battles the Ban'ers Enow: The Dederal Reserve ,ct 2. 0ow was the Dederal Reserve 7#stem different than the ban'ing s#stem that e6isted in the B.7. in 1@1-G 3t had a nationwide s#stem of twelve regional reserve districts) each with its own central ban') and had the power to issue paper mone#. The President Tames the Trusts Enow: Dederal Trade ?ommission ,ct) ?la#ton ,nti.Trust ,ct L. 0ow did 1ilson curb the trustsG 3n 1@1/) ?ongress passed the Dederal Trade ?ommission ,ct) which empowered a president. appointed position to investigate the activities of trusts and stop unfair trade practices such as unlawful competition) false advertising) mislabeling) adulteration) P briber#. The 1@1/ ?la#ton ,nti.Trust ,ct lengthened the 7herman ,nti.Trust ,ctAs list of practices that were ob$ectionable) e6empted labor unions from being called trusts) and legali=ed stri'es and peaceful pic'eting b# labor union members. 1ilsonian Progressivism at 0igh Tide Enow: The Dederal Darm Foan ,ct) 1arehouse ,ct) Fa Dollette 7eamenAs ,ct) 1or'ingmenAs ?ompensation ,ct) ,damson ,ct) Fouis C. Brandeis H. Cescribe some of the positive and negative outcomes of 1ilson!s progressive legislation and actions. 1ilson proceeded with further reforms) such as the Dederal Darm Foan ,ct of 1@1L) which made credit available to farmers at low rates of interest) and the 1arehouse ,ct of 1@1L) which permitted loans on the securit# of staple crops. The Fa Dollette 7eamenAs ,ct of 1@12 reJuired good treatment of ,mericaAs sailors) but it sent merchant freight rates soaring as a result of the cost to maintain sailor health. The 1or'ingmenAs ?ompensation ,ct of 1@1L granted assistanceof federal civil.service emplo#ees during periods of instabilit# but was invalidated b# the 7upreme ?ourt. The 1@1L ,damson ,ct established an eight.hour wor'da# with overtime pa#. 1ilson appeased the business b# appointing a few conservatives to the Dederal Reserve

Jessie Zhao Period: 1 Board and the Dederal Trade ?ommission) but he used most of his energies for progressive support. :ew Cirections in Doreign Polic# Enow: 0aiti K. ?ontrast 1ilsonAs ideas of foreign polic# with those of Roosevelt and Taft. 1ilson) unli'e his two previous predecessors) didnAt pursue an aggressive foreign polic#) as he stopped Idollar diplomac#)I persuaded ?ongress to repeal the Panama ?anal Tolls ,ct of 1@1%) and even led to ,merican ban'ersA pulling out of a si6.nation) Taft.engineered loan to ?hina. 4oralistic Ciplomac# in 4e6ico Enow: >ictoriano 0uerta) >enustiano ?arran=a) Drancisco IPanchoI" >illa) ,B? Powers) John J. IBlac' Jac'I" Pershing @. 1h# did 4e6ico give such trouble to the 1ilson administrationG 4e6ico had been e6ploited for decades b# B.7. investors in oil) railroads) and mines) but the 4e6ican people were tremendousl# poor) and in 1@1-) the# revolted) and installed full.blooded 3ndian 9eneral >ictoriano 0uerta to the presidenc#. The rebels were ver# violent and threatened ,mericans living in 4e6ico) but 1oodrow 1ilson would not intervene to protect ,merican lives. ,fter a small part# of ,merican sailors were arrested in Tampico) 4e6ico) in 1@1/) 1ilson threatened to use force) and even ordered the nav# to ta'e over >era ?ru=) drawing protest from 0uerta and ?arran=a. Thunder ,cross the 7ea Enow: ?entral Powers) ,llied Powers 15. 1hat caused *urope to plunge into 113 in 1@1/G 3n 1@1/) a 7erbian nationalist 'illed ,rchdu'e Dran= Derdinand. The domino.effect began where ,ustria declared war on 7erbia) which was supported b# Russia) who declared war on ,ustria. 0ungar# and 9erman#) which declared war on Russia and Drance) then invaded neutral Belgium) and pulled Britain into the war and igniting 1orld 1ar 3. , Precarious :eutralit# Enow: Eaiser 1ilhelm 33 11. 1hat caused an officiall# neutral ,merica to turn against the ?entral PowersG 9erman and ,ustro.0ungarian agents in ,merica tarnished the ?entral PowersA image when the# resorted to violence in ,merican factories and ports) and when one such agent left his briefcase in a :ew ;or' elevator) the contents of which were found to contain plans for sabotage. ,merica *arns Blood 4one# Enow: 7ubmarine) Fusitania) ,rabic) 7usse6 1%. 0ow did 9erman#As use of submarines lead to tense relations with the B.7.G 9erman# announced its use of submarine warfare around the British 3sles) warning the B.7. that it would tr# not to attac' neutral ships) but that mista'es would probabl# occur. 9erman subs) or B.boats) san' man# ships) including the Fusitania) a

Jessie Zhao Period: 1 British passenger liner that was carr#ing arms and munitions as well. The attac' 'illed 1)1@K lives) including 1%K ,mericans. 1ilson 1ins Reelection in 1@1L Enow: ?harles *vans 0ughes) I0e Eept Bs 8ut of 1arI 1-. 1hat were the 'e#s to 1ilsonAs electoral victor# in 1@1LG The Cemocratic tic'et) with 1ilson at its head again) went under the slogan I0e 'ept us out of war)I and warned that electing 0ughes would be leading ,merica into 1orld 1ar 3. *ven though 1ilson didnAt specificall# promise to 'eep ,merica out of war) enough people felt that he did to vote for him. >ar#ing >iewpoints: 1ho 1ere the ProgressivesG Enow: Richard 0ofstadter) :ew Feft 0istorians 1/. 1hich answer to the Juestion above seems correct to #ouG 1h#G 3 thin' the I:ew FeftI historians are right. The Progressives wanted reform. The# would not fight for reform if the corruption did not directl# affect them in an# wa#. The Progressives were the people who were affected b# the corruption of trusts and wanted to do something about it.