EM101/ED109/EE202 Engineering Graphics and Design

EM101 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & DESIGN / MAY-AUG 2011

3.0 INSTRUMENTAL DRAWING

Learning Outcome The student is to understand the techniques of instrumental drawing.

EM101 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & DESIGN / MAY-AUG 2011

Drafting Tools
T-square (50 70cm length) Set square (45o and 30o 60o) Compasses with dividers set Scale with millimeters and inches Pencils (H, 2H and HB) and eraser Sharpener Drafting tape A3 size (420 x 297mm) white drawing sheets (120gm)
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Objective in Drafting
Accuracy Speed Legibility Neatness

EM101 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & DESIGN / MAY-AUG 2011

Cleanliness in Drafting
very important habit drafters hands should be clean at all times drafting equipment should be clean graphite from the pencil!

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Cleanliness in Drafting (cont)

Drafter should observe the following precautions: Never sharpen a lead over the drawing or any equipment Always wipe the lead point with a clean cloth, after sharpening or pointing, to remove small particles of loose graphite Never place the sand paper pad in contact with any other drawing equipment unless it is completely enclosed in an envelope Never work with the sleeves or hand resting on a penciled area. Keep such parts of the drawing covered with clean paper Avoid unnecessary sliding of the T-square or triangles across the drawing. Pick up the triangles by their tips and tilt the T-square blade upward slightly before moving. Never rub across the drawing with the palm of the hand to remove eraser particles, use a dust brush or flick the particles off with a clean cloth
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DRAWING PENCILS

High-quality drawing pencils help produce good quality technical sketches and drawings.
Hard The hard leads in this group (left) are used where extreme accuracy is required, as on graphical computations and charts and diagrams. The softer leads in this group (right) are sometimes used for line work on engineering drawings, but their use is limited because the lines are apt to be too light. Medium These grades are for general-purpose work in technical drawing. The softer grades (right) are used for technical sketching, lettering, arrowheads, and other freehand work on mechanical drawings. The harder leads (left) are used for line work on machine drawings and architectural drawings. The H and 2H leads are widely used on pencil tracings for reproduction. EM101 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & DESIGN / MAY-AUG 2011 Soft These leads are too soft to be useful in mechanical drafting. They tend to produce smudged, rough lines that are hard to erase, and the lead must be sharpened continually. These grades are used for artwork of various kinds, and for full-size details in architectural drawing.

Style of Pencil
You might be surprised how much your drawings benefit from finding a style of pencil that suits your use. Soft pencils, such as HB or F, are mainly used in freehand sketching.

Choose a pencil that:

Is soft enough to produce clear black lines, but hard enough not to smudge too easily. Is not so soft that the point breaks easily. Feels comfortable in your hand. Grips the lead without slipping.

EM101 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & DESIGN / MAY-AUG 2011

T-square

EM101 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & DESIGN / MAY-AUG 2011

T-square
To test the working edge of the head, see if the T-square rocks when the head is placed against a straightedge, as illustrates in the following figure

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Triangles (Set squares)

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Horizontal Lines

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Vertical Lines

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Inclined Lines

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Protractors

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To Draw Line through Two Points

Place the pencil vertically at one of the points and move the straightedge about the pencil point as a pivot until it lines up with the other point, then draw the line along the edge.

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Parallel Lines

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Lines at 30o, 60o or 45o with Given Line

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The Compass

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Irregular Curves

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TECHNIQUE OF LINES
line patterns (sketching)

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Alphabet of Lines

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Alphabet of Lines

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Quiz
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Quiz 16 May 2011

1. List down the 8 items of Drafting Tools 2. Sketch the line pattern for:a. Visible line b. Construction line c. Hidden line d. Center line

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