1. A passive process whereby compounds move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called: a. b. c. d. diffusion. osmosis.

metabolism. inhalation.

Answer: a Objective: 13-1 Reference: !" #. $hich of the following lists best represents the correct se%uence for the passage of air into the lungs once it passes the pharyn&' a. b. c. d. (ronchi) laryn&) trachea) cricoid *piglottis) esophagus) trachea) alveoli +rachea) cricoid) bronchi) alveoli ,aryn&) trachea) bronchi) alveoli

Answer: d Objective: 13-# Reference: 11 3. $hen the diaphragm and intercostal muscles rela&) which of the following events occurs' a. b. c. d. -nhalation Release -nspiration *&halation

Answer: d Objective: 13-. Reference: 1! . +he most important muscle of respiration is the: a. b. c. d. pectoralis major. intercostal muscle. diaphragm. sternocleidomastoid.

Answer: c Objective: 13-3 Reference: 11 .. $hich of the following actions causes an individual to inhale'

a. b. c. d.

+he intercostal muscles rela&. +he chest cavity decreases in si/e. +he diaphragm contracts and flattens. 0ressure within the chest increases.

Answer: c Objective: 13-. Reference: 11 1. A tachypneic patient is breathing: a. b. c. d. more slowly than normal. normally. more rapidly than normal. irregularly.

Answer: c Objective: 13-1 Reference: 1" 2. 3uring a scene si/e-up) which of the following observations most strongly suggests that your adult patient is suffering from an acute respiratory emergency' a. b. c. d. +he patient is holding a metered-dose inhaler. +he patient is in the tripod position. +he patient4s respiratory rate is #!. +he patient4s hands are trembling.

Answer: b Objective: 13-" Reference: 15 ". -n an adult) the most common cause of airway obstruction is: a. b. c. d. the tongue. a food bolus. mucous secretions. an inflamed pharyn&.

Answer: a Objective: 6upplemental Reference: 1 5. $hen using a metered-dose inhaler) it is important that right after inhaling patients: a. immediately inhale a second time. b. pant for 1! seconds. c. e&hale as forcefully as possible.

d. hold their breath for 1! seconds. Answer: d Objective: 6upplemental Reference: #. 1!. $hat is the minimum time a patient should wait before ta7ing a second dose from a metereddose inhaler' a. b. c. d. 3! seconds # minutes . minutes 1! minutes

Answer: a Objective: 6upplemental Reference: #. 11. A patient whose alveoli are filled with fluid and pus secondary to pneumonia is at ris7 of: a. b. c. d. decreased movement of air into the lungs. decreased movement of the diaphragm. decreased absorption of o&ygen into the body. collapse of the trachea and bronchi.

Answer: c Objective: 6upplemental Reference: 11 1#. 8our friend tells you that his doctor just prescribed medication for him that he ta7es with a metered dose inhaler. 9e says he was nervous and is not sure he remembers his physician4s directions. $hich one of the following statements would be correct' a. b. c. d. :+a7e it every four hours around the cloc7) even if you feel fine.; :<a7e sure to store the inhaler in your refrigerator.; :$hen you thin7 you need it) you should call the doctor before ta7ing it.; :=all your doctor and as7 her again how you should use it.;

Answer: d Objective: 6upplemental Reference: #. 13. -nvoluntary breathing in patients without significant respiratory disease is controlled by: a. b. c. d. the amount of carbon dio&ide dissolved in the blood. a conscious effort of inspiration. the amount of o&ygen dissolved in the blood. tissue hypo&ia.

Answer: a Objective: 13-. Reference: #1 1 . 8ou are documenting your assessment of the patient who just left in an ambulance. +he patient told you that he felt short of breath. 8ou would document this as: a. b. c. d. respiratory failure. hypo&ia. dyspnea. ano&ia.

Answer: c Objective: 13-1 Reference: 1! 1.. $hich of the following conditions is responsible for a finding of whee/ing accompanying shortness of breath' a. b. c. d. 6ignificant hypo&ia (ronchiole constriction 6welling in the throat <ucus in the lungs

Answer: b Objective: 13-1 Reference: 13 11. $hich of the following is within the normal range for respiratory rate in children' a. 1! breaths per minute. b. #! breaths per minute. c. 3. breaths per minute. d. ! breaths per minute. Answer: b Objective: 13-2 Reference: 1# 12. 8ou receive a call that there is an infant in the lodge who seems to be having difficulty breathing. As you approach the scene with a new candidate patroller) you as7 him the normal respiratory rate for infants. $hich of the following is within the normal range' a. b. c. d. 1! breaths per minute. 1. breaths per minute. #. breaths per minute. 1! breaths per minute.

Answer: c Objective: 13-2 Reference: 1# 1". 8ou and your O*= candidate are evaluating a 12-year-old patient with respiratory distress. 8ou tell the candidate to document that the patient complains of dyspnea. +he candidate as7s you what :dyspnea; means. 8ou e&plain that dyspnea is: a. b. c. d. a term that describes a patient who is in respiratory distress. a subjective complaint of shortness of breath. a term that describes your objective assessment of a patient4s difficulty in breathing. another term for tachypnea.

Answer: b Objective: 13-1 Reference: 1! 15. $hich of the following statements about respiratory accessory muscles is not correct' a. b. c. d. +hey are recruited whenever the body4s o&ygen demand e&ceeds o&ygen availability. +hey include chest) shoulder) and abdominal muscles. +hey bring more o&ygen into the body by helping the chest wall e&pand more fully. +hey decrease negative internal chest pressure to draw more air into the lungs.

Answer: d Objective: 13-1 Reference: 11 #!. $hich of the following signs would you recogni/e as an early sign of respiratory distress in a 2-year-old boy who complains of difficulty breathing' a. b. c. d. (arrel chest >asal flaring +remors of his hands *cchymosis on his chest

Answer: b Objective: 13-1 Reference: 1" #1. 8ou are having a hard time getting the medical history of a patient who is short of breath. $hich one of the following pieces of information would lead you to believe that the patient has a history of a chronic lung disease such as chronic emphysema' a. 6he ta7es one aspirin every day. b. 9er chest is barrel shaped. c. 9er respirations are tachypneic.

d. 6he has a fre%uent cough. Answer: b Objective: 13-5 Reference: 1" ##. A 21-year-old woman is complaining of the sudden onset of shortness of breath. 6he is cyanotic and appears somewhat panic7ed. 9er respirations are rapid and deep. 9er husband tells you that she had 7nee surgery about one wee7 ago. (ased on your assessment and the patient4s history) you suspect that the patient is suffering from: a. b. c. d. an an&iety attac7. an asthma attac7. =O03. a pulmonary embolus.

Answer: d Objective: 13-5 Reference: 1. #3. 8ou are called to aid a 1.-year-old man who is having difficulty breathing. $hen you arrive) you find that he is sitting upright in a chair and is in obvious respiratory distress. 9is airway is open and his respirations are #" per minute. At this time you would: a. b. c. d. provide him o&ygen with a nonrebreather mas7 at 1. liters per minute. assess his breath sounds. try to obtain a medical history from him. assist him to a supine position.

Answer: a Objective: 13-1! Reference: 12 # . A 3!-year-old male arrives in the aid room complaining of shortness of breath. $hich of the following actions would you perform first' a. b. c. d. As7 him if he has an inhaler. Assess the ade%uacy of his breathing. 3etermine the cause of his shortness of breath. =hec7 his pulse o&imetry.

Answer: b Objective: 13-1! Reference: 1"

#.. 8ou are in the cafeteria and suddenly hear someone calling for help because her friend is cho7ing. $hich of the following signs would tell you that you need to intervene immediately' a. b. c. d. +he patient appears frightened. +he patient cannot spea7. +he patient was eating stea7. +he patient says she has a bone stuc7 in her throat.

Answer: b Objective: 13-5 Reference: # #1. 8ou arrive on scene where an unresponsive patient is being treated. +he O*= +echnician on scene tells you that she thin7s the patient may have had a stro7e. 8ou suggest to the patroller to first: a. b. c. d. place a nasal airway and suction the patient. assist ventilations with a (?<. apply a nonrebreather mas7 and provide o&ygen. determine if a pulse is present.

Answer: c Objective: 13-5 Reference: # #2. A 2 -year-old male with a history of chronic emphysema is complaining of sudden onset of shortness of breath. 9e appears to be in acute respiratory distress. 0hysical e&am of the anterior chest wall reveals crepitus. (ased on the patient4s history and physical e&am) you would suspect which of the following conditions' a. b. c. d. 6pontaneous pneumothora& =ongestive heart failure Acute bronchitis =arbon mono&ide poisoning

Answer: a Objective: 13-5 Reference: 11 #". 8ou are assessing a 3 -year-old man who is complaining of :not feeling well.; 9e is alert and pale. 9is respirations are regular at #! per minute. (ased on your training) you recogni/e that his respirations are: a. b. c. d. normal for an adult. rapid for an adult. rapid but O@ because they are regular. to be bradypnea.

Answer: a Objective: 13-2 Reference: 1# #5. 9yperventilation syndrome is a common psychological condition that: a. b. c. d. is always benign and resolves with no treatment. is characteri/ed by shallow) irregular) rapid breaths. is often precipitated by e&ercise. results in abnormally low blood carbon dio&ide levels.

Answer: d Objective: 13-5 Reference: 1" 3!. 6everal abnormal lung sounds can be helpful in understanding what condition may be affecting a patient. One such sound is whee/ing. $hich of the following statements about whee/ing is false? a. b. c. d. -t indicates constriction of the lower airway passages. -t is typically caused by asthma. -t may be heard on inhalation) e&halation) or both. -t can be heard only with a stethoscope.

Answer: d Objective: 13-5 Reference: 1" 31. 8ou are assessing a # -year-old s7ier who is an&ious and complaining of shortness of breath. 6he tells you that this sometimes happens when she is e&ercising. 9er respirations are rapid and shallow. (ased on this information) you suspect the patient is suffering from: a. b. c. d. hyperventilation syndrome. asthma. crepitus. pneumothora&.

Answer: b Objective: 13-5 Reference: 1" 3#. 8ou are called to assist a 11-year-old female who is reportedly having trouble breathing. 8our assessment reveals an an&ious female with rapid respirations who is complaining of pins and needles around her lips. (ased on your training you suspect that: a. she is close to respiratory failure. b. these findings will disappear if she slows her rate of breathing. c. having her lie down with her feet elevated "A1# inches will relieve the pins and needles.

d. she is having an allergic reaction and should be treated with an epi-pen. Answer: b Objective: 13-1! Reference: #1 33. $hich of the following respiratory rates may signify significant respiratory issues in an adult' a. b. c. d. Bewer than " respirations per minute <ore than respirations # per minute Bewer than 1# respirations per minute <ore than #! respirations per minute

Answer: a Objective: 13-11 Reference: 1"