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Nal u Daman; an Indian Painting in a

Persian Frame
-A 16th century poem by Ab al-Fai -i Fai ; poet-
laureate at the Mogul court of Akbar

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ABBREVIATIONS ...........................................................................................4

TRANSLITERATION .......................................................................................5

1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................6
1.1 Purpose ....................................................................................................................... 6

1.2 Method ......................................................................................................................... 7

1.3 Hypothesis .................................................................................................................. 8

1.4 Previous Research of Relevance .............................................................................. 8

1.5 Manuscripts and Editions........................................................................................ 10

2. HISTORICAL OUTLINE ............................................................................13

2.1 Language and Literature.......................................................................................... 13

2.2 Religion; Akbar’s Creed........................................................................................... 16

3. FAI : POET, SCHOLAR AND FAYY .................................................18

3.1 Biography .................................................................................................................. 20

3.2 Literary Output.......................................................................................................... 23

3.2.1 Poetical Works ....................................................................................................... 23
3.2.2 Prose Works: Persian & Arabic.............................................................................. 25

4. THE STORY OF NAL U DAMAN; ANALYSIS ..........................................27

4.1 Formal Description................................................................................................... 28

Inspirational Sources ............................................................................................... 30

4.2.1 Nalop khy nam; the Story of Nala ........................................................................ 31
4.2.1.1 Narrative Divergences ................................................................................... 33
4.2.1.2 Lexical Divergences ...................................................................................... 36
4.2.2 Other Influences ..................................................................................................... 38

4.3 Language, Style and Imagery.................................................................................. 41

5. TRANSLATION .........................................................................................45
Selections from Nal u Daman.................................................................................. 46

6. CONCLUSION...........................................................................................54

APPENDIX ....................................................................................................57

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...........................................................................................63

3
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4.2.1.1 Narrative Divergences

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37
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 4.3 Language, Style and Imagery
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45
 # 0 # ,

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5.1 Selections from Nal u Daman

! , ^

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46
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47
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J , 4Œ³~„~³~7 : 2( 2 , %%>%5

48
5 >59 " <. # #

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49
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50
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51
 c # (

^ &2 (

Q 4 $5%>$N : 7

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# , # # b ^
f^ ! ^ ,^ eb
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52
 fx ^ ^ ,^ ( (eb
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eb
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55 b , ,# ,^ !^ , ^ # c!
b
f! ( ^ , ^ (,
C9
^ eb
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# b
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b
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b
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^ b
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8 ;f # c! , &2 ( b

C9
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53
 5 f! ! ( c ^
( b
f! ( ,! 20. C% ^ , ^
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, ( ;f , , # ,
b
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6
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) H # " <.

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, # ! 4 7

J #

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54
 , #

,^ # " <. #

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f ( b, ^ ^

c 0 ^ ^ d

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! ^ d

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2H > =g., ^

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# ,

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55
# " <.g

J ^ :

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56
Appendix

Glossary
#V
#V ; $=4", ! # # , S ( 8 # ^,
# # ^;

$=4" #V >%

,; ^^ H 5>C

>?@ / XX. 6>

/%A3 ( $ >5

BCD- - W N >B

EF5G 0 K >%

HIJ ? R 5 >C

KLM < YI 6 >

[) #V c ) , * > , 5

' #V & 2>

/ =, b b,
^ # X4 7 " <. # X> Y,
, #V !
H # # 2
l # # 2,
, ^ & , " <.
0 ^ 2 2# (# J
(# $$9 #V ' # X> Y
^ 2 2# J ^ ;4 7 M9 ´6 O
´ 4 72 M O ´ 4 72 M O ´ 4 7 M9 ´6 O ´ 4#72 M O µ $$9,
^ #2-. # " <.;

(# g 4 %B%7 ) J , C, N$5 m # g
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