Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

SMF 3333 Aerodynamics

Tests 2 Semester 2 2007/08
The NACA 23012 wing section thus has a design lift coefficient of 0.3, has its maximum
camber at 15% of the chord, and has a maximum thickness of 0.12c. The equation for the
mean camber line is
2
x 3
z
x
x
= 2.6595 0.6075 + 0.11471 for the region 0.0c x 0.2025c and
c
c
c
c
z
x
= 0.022083 1 for the region 0.2025 c x 1.0 c and
c
c
i)
Calculate the A0 , A1 and A2 , for this airfoil section.
ii)
What is the section lift coefficient, C l ?
iii)
What is the angle of attack for zero lift, l =0 ?.
iv)
What angle of attack is required to develop the design lift coefficient of 0.3?
v)
Calculate the section moment coefficient about the theoretical aerodynamic center.
vi)
When the geometric angle of attack is 3o, what is the section lift coefficient?
vii)
What is the x location of the center of pressure?
c
Answer

i) For 0.0c x 0.2025c

2
x 3
z
x
x
= 2.6595 0.6075 + 0.11471
c 1
c
c
c
c
(1 cos )
2
x = 0 cos = 1 = 0

x=

x = 0.2025c 0.2025c =

c c
cos
2 2

1
cos = 0.5 0.2025 cos = 0.595 = 53.487 o
2

0.0c x 0.2025c is 0 o 53.487 o (0.93352 rad )

2

dz
x
x
= 7.9785 3.2313 + 0.30507
dx 1
c
c
dz
2
= 1.9946 cos 2.3736 cos + 0.6840
dx
1
For 0.2025c x 1.000c , 53.487 o 180 o

= 0.022083 1
c 2

53.487 o 180 o is 0.9335 rad

dz
= 0.022083
dx 2

dz
d
dx

A0 =

A0 =

0.9335

A0 =

0.9335

[1.9946 cos

[1.9946 cos

2.3736 cos + 0.6840]d +

0.9335

2.3736 cos + 0.6840]d +

1
sin 2
A0 = 1.9946 +

4
2

0.9335

[ 0.022083]d

[ 0.022083]d

+ 0.022083

0.9335

0.9335

2.3736 sin + 0.6840

A0 = 0.02866
2

An =

A1 =

dz
cos n d ,
dx

0.9335

A1 =

dz
cos d
dx

[1.9946 cos 2.3736 cos

3

+ 0.6840 cos ]d +

0.9335

[ 0.022083 cos ]d

2
1

sin 2
A1 = 1.9946 sin sin 3 2.3736 +
+ 0.6840 sin

3
4

2
0

0.022083 sin

0.9335

0.9335

A1 = 0.0955

A2 =

A2 =

dz
cos 2 d
dx

0.9335

0.9335

[1.9946 cos (2 cos

2

[ 0.022083 cos 2 ]d

1) 2.3736 cos cos 2 + 0.6840 cos 2 ]d

0.9335

1
2
cos 3 sin
sin 2
sin sin 3
2.3736
+
A2 = 1.9946 + sin 2 +
+ 0.6840

2
6

2
2
4 8

+ 0.022083 cos 2

0.9335

A2 = 0.07914

ii)

Cl = (2 A0 + A1 ) = [2( 0.02866 ) + 0.0955] = 2 + 0.1199

iii)

When Cl = 0 2 + 0.1199 = 0
Therefore l =0 =

iv)

v)

Cl = 2 + 0.1199 2 + 0.1199 = 0.3

0.3 0.1199
= 0.02866 rad = 1.642 o
=
2
Calculate the section moment coefficient about the theoretical aerodynamic center.
C mac =

vi)

vii)

0.1199
= 0.01908 rad = 1.093o
2

( A2 A1 ) = (0.07914 0.0955) = 0.01285

4

When the geometric angle of attack is 3o, what is the section lift coefficient?
3

= 0.05236 rad Cl = 2 0.05236 + 0.1199 = 0.4489

= 3o =
180

What is the x location of the center of pressure?

c

c
xcp = 1 + ( A1 A2 )
4 Cl

xcp =

c
(0.0955 0.07914) = 0.2786c
1+

4 0.4489