1 Assignment 6

OPTICS
GUIDE LINE FOR PREPARING CBSE (PHYSICS) EXAMINATION THROUGH PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS OF CBSE MARKED WITH STARS ( )
THESE QUESTIONS ALSO APPEARED OFTEN IN QUATERLY, HALFYEARLY AND PRE-BOARD EXAINATION S OF DIFFERENT PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF DELHI.
(Generally five-, three-, two- and one- marks questions are generated from the theory and derivation part of the questions mentioned below including final formula)

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OPTICS Define critical angle. Derive an expression between critical angle and refractive index of denser medium.*****Explain how a ray can be made to move inside the optical fibre?** How the refractive index changes with the color of light.*** bulb is placed at the bottom of tan! containg water to a depth of "# cm. $hat is the area of the surface of water through which light from the bulb can emerge out? &hree light rays red '()* green '+) and blue ',) are incident on a right angled prism at face AB. &he refractive indices of the material of the prism for red* green and blue wavelengths are 1.%-*1...and 1../ respectively. 0ut of the three which color ray will emerge out of the face AC? 1ustify your answer. &race the path of theses rays after passing through face AB. [CBSE 2009] *** 2tate Huygens3 4rinciple and give geometrical construction for a wave front. How is a wave front different from a ray? Draw geometrical shape of the wave fronts when 'i) light diverges from a point source 'ii) light emerges out of a convex lens when a point source is placed at its focus. 7se Huygens3 geometrical construction to show the behavior of a plane wave front8 'i) passing through a biconvex lens and 'ii) reflecting by a concave mirror. [CBSE 2012] $ith the help of a suitable diagram* prove 'i) law of reflection and 'ii) 2nell3s law of refraction using Huygens3 4rinciple.
$hat is coherent source? $ill two independent sources of same fre9uency be coherent? 2tate two most essential conditions for observing interference of light . Derive an expression for fringe width in :oung3s Double 2heet Experiment .

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2how that the width of dar! and bright fringes is e9ual. 4rove that interference is in accordance with the law of conservation of energy.

2 1#. ;n :oung3s double slit experiment* three lights of blue* yellow and red color are used successively. &he fringe width will be maximum for which color of light and why? 11. &he intensity of central maximum in :D2E set<up is Io .2how that the intensity at a point where the path difference is /% is Io/.. ** 12. How does the angular separation of interference fringes change* in :oung3s experiment* if the distance between the slits is increased? 1%. ;n :oung3s double slit experiment with monochromatic light* how the fringe width affected* if : 'i) the separation d between the two slit is decreased. 'ii) the screen is moved closure to the plane of the slits 'iii) the separation d between the two slits is doubled and the distance D of the screen from the slits is halved. 'iv) the width of the two slits are increased. 'v) one of the slit is closed. 'vi) monochromatic red light is replaced by monochromatic blue light of shorter wavelength. 'vii) the source slit is moved closure to the double slit. 'viii) the :oung3s apparatus is immersed in a li9uid of refractive index 1.% 'ix) the chamber* where the :oung3s apparatus is !ept is evacuated. 'x) monochromatic light is replaced by white light. 'xi) a mica sheet is introduced in the optical path between a slit and screen. 'xii) the screen is moved away from the slit. 1.. 0btain the conditions for the bright and dar! fringes in diffraction pattern due to a single narrow slit illuminated by a monochromatic source.***Explain clearly why the secondary maxima go on becoming wea!er with increasing a.** 15. Describe diffraction of light due to a single slit. Explain formation of a pattern of fringes obtained on the screen and plot showing variation of intensity pattern with path difference. 16. 0btain the conditions for the bright and dar! fringes in diffraction pattern due to a single narrow slit illuminated by a monochromatic source. [CBSE 2012] $hen the width of the slit is made double* how would this affect the si=e and intensity of the central diffraction band? 1ustify. [CBSE 2012] 1/. ;n a single slit diffraction pattern* how is the angular width of central maximum changes when 'i)the slit width is decreased 'ii) the slit width is doubled 'iii) the distance between the plane of slit and the screen is increased 'iv) visible light of smaller wavelength is used. 1ustify your answer. 1". $rite differences between interference and diffraction of light*******
1-. $hat is meant by a linearly polari=ed light? $hich type of waves can be polari=ed? ,riefly explain a method for producing polari=ed light. 2tate ,rewster3s law. 7se it to show at that the polari=ing angle of incidence> the reflected and transmitted rays are perpendicular to each other .

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&he polari=ing angle of a medium is 6#o. $hat is the refractive index of the medium?

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,riefly explain ?alus law about the intensity of polari=ed light. ;f a light beam shows no intensity variation when transmitted through a 4olaroid which is rotated* does it mean that the light is unpolarised? Explain briefly. &wo 4olaroid P1 and P2 are placed -#o with each other. @ind the transmitted intensity if third 4olaroid P3 is placed between P1 and P2 bisecting the angle between them. How will the intensity of transmitted light vary on further rotating the third 4olaroid? Aame the phenomenon in each case and write its cause8 'i) 2plitting of white light into its constituent colours on passing through prism. 'ii)@ormation of dar! and bright bands of same intensity due to light from two slits. 'iii) @ormation of dar! and bright bands of varying intensity due to light from two slits. 'iv)$hen a light passes through a crystal cut along one of the axis its intensity decreases. 4rove the 4rism formula8 B sin C 'A D m ) E 2F E sin'AE2) Explain how the angle of minimum deviation changes with color of light.** How does the angle of minimum deviation of a glass prism of refractive index 1.5 change *if it is immersed in a li9uid of refractive index 1.%.** $rite Gauchy3s formula for refractive index. How refractive index change with color of light. Derive the relation8 f -1 B v<1 < u<1 for a biconvex lens. Derive the relation8 '<1 Eu) D '<2 Ev) B '2 <1)ER for 'i) convex surface and 'ii) concave surfaces. Derive Hens ma!er3s formula of convex lens. P B '1Ef) B ' <1) C'1ER1) I '1ER2)F How does the power of a convex lens vary* if the incident red light is replaced by violet light? ** &wo thin lenses of power D6 D and <2D are in contact .$hat is the focal length of the combination? (i)$hat will be the effect on focal length and nature of a lens when it is immersed in a li9uid* whose refractive index is8 'a) less than that of material of the lens* 'b) more than that of material of the lens and 'c) e9ual to that of material of the lens. (ii) glass lens of refractive index 1.5 is placed in a trough of li9uid. $hat must be the refractive index of the li9uid in order to ma!e the lens disappear? (iii) convex lens made up of glass of refractive index 1.5 is dipped* in turn* in8 'a) medium A of refractive index 1.65 and 'b) medium B of refractive index 1.%% Explain* giving reasons* whether it will behave as a converging lens or a diverging lens in each of these two media ** (iv) convex lens of refractive index 1.5 has a focal length of 1" cm in air. Galculate the change in its focal length when it is immersed in water of refractive index .E%..***

. 2-. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of an image in a compound microscope. lso derive an expression for the magnifying power. Define resolving power of compound microscope. Explain with reason* how the resolving power of compound microscope will change when8 'i) fre9uency of the incident light on the obJective lens is increased* 'ii) focal length of the obJective lens is increased and 'iii) aperture of the obJective lens is increased. Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical telescope '(efracting type) in the normal adJustment position. $hat will be the length of the telescope of this position? Define resolving power of telescope. Explain with reason* how the resolving power of the telescope will change when aperture of the obJective lens is increased. :ou are given following three lenses. $hich two lenses will you use as an eyepiece and as an obJective to construct an astronomical telescope?[CBSE 2009] *** Lenses Power (P) Aperture (A) L1 %D " cm L2 6D 1 cm L3 1# D 1 cm Draw a labeled ray diagram of a reflecting type telescope. $rite its advantages over refracting type telescope. Gomplete the ray diagram after passing through the surface AB of a prism8<

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