Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
11 October 2013
AGENDA
Post-installed Anchor Application
Type of Anchors / Type of Post-installed Anchor Failure modes of Anchor Failure case of Post-installed Anchor Post-installed Anchor design code development
Excavation
Steel post
Shear key
Pre-loading
D-wall
Column strengthening
Column strengthening
Slab strengthening
Slab strengthening
Beam strengthening
Beam strengthening
Ladder support
Ceiling support
Handrail support
Balustrade support
Cladding support
Types of Anchors
There are 2 types of anchor to concrete
1. Cast in place Anchor Traditionally, design engineer specify cast-in-place anchor if they know beforehand where anchor are to be installed
Mechanical Anchor
Adhesive Anchor
Undercut anchor : A post-installed anchor that develops its tensile strength from the mechanical interlock provided by undercutting of the concrete at the embedded end of anchor.
Adhesive Anchor Adhesive Anchor A post-installed anchor, inserted into hardened concrete with an anchor hole diameter not greater than 1.5 times the anchor diameter, that transfers loads to the concrete by bond between the anchor and the adhesive, and bond between the adhesive and the concrete.
Adhesive Anchors
under external tensile load
Mechanical Anchors
under external tensile load
Ideal Case
EDGE DISTANCE
Influence of Spacing
Adhesive Anchor
Undercut Anchor
(steel failure)
(concrete failure)
Failure mode in Tension 1. Steel failure in tension 2. Concrete breakout 3. Concrete pullout 4. Concrete side-face blowout
5. Bond strength of adhesive anchor
Steel Concrete
Bond
(Adhesive anchor only)
Fexternal
Steel failure
Fexternal
Concrete failure
F
1.5 hef
1.5 hef
35
hef
Fexternal
Concrete failure
Concrete failure
Bond failure
Fexternal
Concrete failure
Fexternal
Concrete failure
Concrete failure
Fexternal
Fexternal
Fexternal
M
Steel failure
Fexternal
Concrete failure
Fexternal
Concrete failure
Concrete Breakout
Concrete Pullout
Bond Strength
Of Adhesive anchor
Concrete Breakout
Concret e pryout
Anchors were completely pulled out as the tank tumbled down during the earthquake.
Boston's Big Dig, the most expensive highway project in the United States : 2006 Ceiling Panel Collapse
Nearly three decades and 14.8 billion dollars later, the Big Dig would own claim as the most expensive highway project in the United States
Big Dig project director Michael Lewis, who has spent 12 years on the project.
The official planning phase started in 1982; the construction work was done between 1991 and 2006
Boston's Big Dig, the most expensive highway project in the United States : 2006 Ceiling Panel Collapse
Boston's Big Dig, the most expensive highway project in the United States : 2006 Ceiling Panel Collapse
Boston's Big Dig, the most expensive highway project in the United States : 2006 Ceiling Panel Collapse
Similar in US, Missing anchor bolts could be to blame for Japan tunnel ceiling Collapse 2012 (possibly the tunnel opened in 1977.)
http://tunnellingjournal.com/news/missing-anchor-bolts-could-be-to-blame-for-japan-tunnel-ceiling-failure/
Similar in US, Missing anchor bolts could be to blame for Japan tunnel ceiling Collapse 2012 (possibly the tunnel opened in 1977.)
Tension
Difficult to apply even for simple anchor configurations. Less predictive of specific material failure.
Shear
Vss 0.75 Ab f ut
Vc 66.4 Ab f 'c
Complexities in this design method lead ACI, in 1998, to the derivation of a new design approach.
kappa method
Supported by regression analyses of large bodies of test data.
configurations.
Highly descriptive of the critical failure mode.
k, kappa
method
1%
Common practice is to translated directly into Thai language and then adjust the codes to fit Thailand.
Thai Code and Standard
ACI
Revising
New 2014 has been revised since 2012, Raftered (ACI 318-11)
American Codes
ACI 318-26
ACI 318-63
ACI 318-89
ACI 318-11
ACI 318-14
Before starting post-installed design, there are many things you need to know!
Base materials : Anchors can be installed in different base materials being concrete the most common
Anchors need to be selected, designed and approved according to the base material. Concrete is the root of all the design considerations and analysis and, as such, it will be studied in more detail.
Concrete
Lightweight concrete
Timber
Natural stone
150
20 N/mm2
150
Development of concrete
compressive strength
Compression
Tension (cracks)
Tensile Zone
Cracked concrete : Defining where concrete should be considered cracked may not be as simple as it seems
Defining where concrete is cracked its as easy as searching where the concrete could be in tension. If the concrete is in tension it is or will be definitely cracked! Non-cracked concrete consideration must be shown by calculation for the different load combinations.
Wind load
Single load
Cracked concrete : For seismic actions the concrete shall be always considered cracked!
Earthquake shaking leads tension and compression in the concrete members to change compared to static loads. In the case seismic action is considered, concrete shall be considered as cracked concrete (unless proven otherwise by a specific report)!
For all cases, the designer is always responsible to define if the anchor is set in cracked or non-cracked concrete! We should focus on explaining what this implies for the anchors selection and performance
Environmental conditions
Galvanized
5-20 m
A4 Steel
BS, UNS, JIS 316
Inside rooms with heavy condensation Outside with moderate chlorides
HCR
Low
Corrosive Resistance
High
Types of Loading
Load
Pulsating Load
Load
Static Load
Load Time
Time
Shock Load
Seismic Load
Time
Time Time
Floor
Type of load
Types of base material Moister condition
Wall
Fire resistance
Shock load Fatigue teat