Transformer Installation Rules Some of the particularly important transformer installation rules are listed below. 1.

One or more transformers may be hung on a single pole if the total weight does not exceed the safe strength of the pole or of the crossarms and bolts supporting them. 2. When more than one transformer is installed on crossarms the weight should be distributed e!ually on the two sides of the pole. ". Single#phase distribution transformers of 1$$ %&' or smaller are usually placed '(O&) the secondary mains if conditions permit. Those larger than 1$$ %&' are usually platform or pad mounted. *. +ightning arresters and fused cutouts ha,e to be installed on the primary side of all distribution transformers except the self#protected type. -. .round wires are re!uired to be co,ered with plastic or wood molding to a point / feet abo,e the base of the pole. .01I2. O3 4O+)S ' guy is a brace or cable that is anchored in some fashion to the ground and secured to a point on the pole at the other end. 5orrectly selected and installed the guy will protect the pole line from damage caused by the strain of the line conductors and pole#mounted e!uipment. The guy will also minimi6e the damage to the pole line caused by se,ere weather. (asic guying information such as types locations and anchors is co,ered in 5onstruction )lectrician training manuals of lower rates. In this section we7ll be concerned with calculating the 8line conductor load8 for ,arious line angles and dead ends the effects that the lead#to#height ratios ha,e on guy tensioning and methods used to select the si6e and type of guy wire and anchors correctly. The first step in determining the guy type and tension re!uirement is to determine the line conductor tension. Table -#- lists the most Table -#-.9(rea%ing Strength of +ine 5onductors

common si6e of line conductors :hard#drawn copper; that you will encounter in the field. To determine the conductor tension under maximum loading conditions ta%e -$ percent or one#half of the brea%ing strength of the conductor. This allows for the safety factor of two re!uired by the 2ational )lectric Safety 5ode. )xample< +ine tension = -$ percent of brea%ing strength 3or 2o. > copper = -$ percent of 1 2/$ = >*$ lb 2ext we must determine the angle of change in the line. 'ny change in the direction of the line increases the line conductor tension and left uncorrected tends to pull the pole out of alignment. Table -#> lists the most common line angles in degrees and the constant by which the line tension must be multiplied to determine the side pull. )xample< 3or 2o. > copper conductor for a "$#degree angle >*$ ? $.-1@ = ""$ lb The total side pull can now be determined by multiplying the side pull of one conductor by the number of conductors. )xample< On the basis of four conductors the total side pull is as follows< ""$ ? * = 1 "2$ lb The next step re!uired to determine the correct guy tension is to find the multiplying factor for the lead#to#height ratio. The lead#to#height ratio is the relationship of the lead :+; :distance between the base of the pole and the anchor rod; to the height :A; of the guy attachment on the pole as shown in figure -#1>. This ratio will ,ary because the terrain of obstructions will restrict the location of the anchor. ' guy ratio of 1 to 1 is preferred. Shortening + increases the tension in the guy causing increased stresses on the pole especially at dead ends and acute angles. 0sing our pre,ious example of four 2o. > 'W. copper conductors at a "$#degree angle let7s determine the total guy tension using a 1#to#1 ratio assuming that A = "$ feet and + = "$ feet :refer to table -#@;. +ocate the height of the guy attachment :"$ ft; in the left#hand column. Bo,e Table -#>.9'ngle 5onstant (ased on +ine 'ngle

3igure -#1>.9Bethods of measuring height and lead dimensions. Table -#@.9Aeight and Cistance Ratio Bultiplier

to the right until you reach the column under "$ the number of feet the anchor is away from the pole. The figure shown :1.*1; is the guy ratio multiplier. 2ow let7s compute the guy tensioning ,alue. )xample< Total side pull ? guy ratio multiplier 1 "2$ ? 1.*1 = 1 />1 lb The guy wire and anchor for this example must be rated to hold at least 1 />1 foot# pounds of load. .uy wire comes in ,arious si6es and grades from 1D* to 1D2 inch. Table -#/ lists the grades and si6es in the left#hand column with the brea%ing and allowable tension strengths in the right columns. To determine the correct grade and si6e of guy wire first multiply the calculated guy tension by the safety factor of 2. 5ontinuing with our example sol,e for maximum brea%ing strength. )xample<

We now %now the guy wire must ha,e a brea%ing strength of at least " @22 pounds. Referring again to table -#/ locate the brea%ing strength columnE then mo,e down this column until a ,alue that is at least " @22 pounds is found. Our example re!uires a brea%ing strength of " @22 pounds. (ased on this ,alue a "D/#inch common grade would be sufficient. The final step needed to ensure a safe and ade!uate guy is the selection of a guy anchor of sufficient holding power. The holding power of an anchor depends upon the area of the anchor plate the depth setting and the type of soil. The greater each of these is the greater the ,olume of earth re!uired to hold it in place. Table -#F lists the most commonly used manufactured anchors. To use this chart determine the type of soil and Table -#/.9.uy Wire (rea%ing Strength

total guy tensioning amount. Bo,e down the correct holding strength column until a ,alue of at least the re!uired amount is found. In the example Gust gi,en the guy tension allowed for is " @22 pounds. 0sing table -#F we see that either an /#inch expansion or screw would pro,ide ade!uate holding power. The type selected would be based on material a,ailable cost and ease of installation. (y following this fi,e# step process closely you can !uic%ly determine the correct guy re!uirements for any situation.