2 3

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), IAEME

47

FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE I- BEAMS
STRENGTHENED WITH (CFRP)

Adnan Ibrahim Abdullah, Dr. Muyasser M. Jomaa'h, Dr. Alya'a Abbas Al-Attar
1
Department of Civil, Engineering, university of Tikrit / College of Engineering.
2
Department of Civil Engineering, university of Tikrit / College of Engineering
3
Technical College of Kirkuk

ABSTRACT

Experimental investigations of the behavior of reinforced concrete I- beams, strengthened or
repaired by carbon fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) for flexural case have been presented in this
paper.
The current study includes a practical program considers the effect of adding steel and nylon
fibers to structural behavior of I- section high strength concrete such as compressive and tensile
strength and flexural behavior represent by load-deflection curves also rehabilitate the I- beams after
failure in bending by strengthened it with (CFRP) Sheets, variables that \ studied was the volumetric
ratios of fibers which used (0.5, 1 and 1.5) % ratios for steel and nylon and hybrid fiber. Were taken
into consideration to be All beams in this study were similarly in dimension and reinforcement and
they were designed to fail in flexural , they arranged in (10) group each group includes (3) beams for
flexural strength test.
The practical results of the current study indicated that when add steel fiber to the (HSC) we
have a good effect of the increase in compressive , tensile and flexural strength also it has effect of
reducing deflections value, this effect increasing with increase of the volumetric ratio of steel fiber.
while the add of nylon fibers lead to a slight increase in compressive strength and this effect decrease
with fiber content increasing and the addition of these fibers led to a small increase in the tensile and
bending strength also adding hybrids fiber in all ratios led to an improvement in hardened properties
of (HSC).
The results of experiments show that the use of (CFRP) as external strengthening has
significant enhancement on ultimate load, crack pattern and deflection. It is observed that the use of
external CFRP in strengthening or repairing beams increasing the ultimate load capacity load in all
beams and the increase in beams strength was noticed at a rate range (11.58% - 33.36%).

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)

ISSN 0976 6308 (Print)
ISSN 0976 6316(Online)
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Keywords: I-Beam, Fibers, HSC, CFRP, Epoxy.

INTRODUCTION

Beams with I-shaped cross sections are used extensively as components in long span concrete
structures. The use of high strength concrete leads to the design of smaller sections, thereby reducing
the dead weight, allowing longer spans and more usable area of buildings [1]. Addition of fibers in
concrete may improve the fracture toughness, fatigue resistance, impact resistance, flexural strength,
compressive strength, tensile strength, thermal crack resistance, rebound loss, and so on. The
magnitude of the improvement depends upon both the amount andthe type of fibers used [2].
Addition of fibers to concrete makes the concrete more homogeneous and isotropic and transforms it
from a brittle to ductile material. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets are used for
strengthening and rehabilitation of beams. The advantages of using CFRP include reduced
installation time, corrosion resistance and ease of application. Also, externally bonded CFRP can be
used to repair and strengthen damaged prestressed concrete girder bridges [3].
The use of external (CFRP) has became a popular technique of strengthening of concrete
structures in resent years, most of literatures are about strengthening of rectangular and T-section and
very few or no one about I- beam and this is due to lack of data on I-beams..
Much of recent works (Meier and Kaiser, 1991[4]; Alam and Zumaat, 2009[5]; Sobuz and
Ahmed, 2011[6]) have shown that external bonded of FRP to structural concrete members is an
effective and simple method to increase their structural capacity, for example as in reinforced
concrete columns or reinforced concrete beams retrofitted by FRP laminates.
The objective of the present study is to investigate, experimentally, the behavior of reinforced
concrete I-beams externally strengthened or repaired I- beams with Carbon Fiber Reinforced
Polymer sheets (CFRP) attached to their flexural sides.

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

Ten beams were tested in this investigation and only the concrete type of the beam was
varied, while, the dimensions of the tested beams and the reinforcement were kept unchanged.

1. DETAILS OF TEST BEAMS

The details of the tested beams are shown in Fig.(1). The lower face of the compression
flange and the upper face of the tension flange were made with (1/5) slopes. Were taken into
consideration to be All beams in this study were similarly in dimensions, and details of steel
reinforcement properties are shown in Table (1) and they were designed to fail in flexural , they
arranged in (10) group each group includes (3) beams for flexural strength test.

Table( 1) Steel reinforcement properties

Diameters Yield stress (
) (MPa)
Ultimate stress (
) (MPa)
Elongation%
8mm 653 798.5 7.5
6mm 636.93 683.92 6.5
49

Figure (1) Details of test beams (a) beam cross-section (b) side view (c) isometric view

2. MATERIALS

The properties of materials used in concrete mixtures are given below.

2.1 Cement
Ordinary Portland cement type (CEM II/A-L 42.5R, KARASTA) is used. It is tested per Iraqi
standard Specifications I.Q.S No.5/1984 [7], and has met all the requirements. The chemical and
physical properties of this cement are presented in Table (2) and (3).

Table( 2) Chemical Composition of Cement
Limit of Iraqi specification No. 5/1984 Content % Oxides composition
- 60.45 CaO
8% Max 4. 65 Al
2
O
3

21% Max 20.11 SiO
2

5% Max 3.62 Fe
2
O
3
5 % Max 4.1 MgO
2.5 %Max 2.33 SO3
4 %Max 2.72 Loss on Ignition, (L.O.I)
1.5 %Max 1.33 Insoluble material
(0.66-1.02) 0.89 Lime Saturation Factor (L.S.F)

50

Table (3) Physical Properties of Cement

2.2 Fine aggregate
Natural sand with a 4.75-mm maximum size is used. The grading of the sand conformed to
the requirement of IQS No. 45/1984 - zone No.(3) [8]. Its sieve analysis results are given in Table
(4).

Table(4) Grading of fine aggregate
Sieve size
Cumulative
retained%
Cumulative passing %
Limit of IQS No. 45/1984 for zone
No. (3)
4.75-mm (No.4) 9.05 90.95 90-100
2.36-mm (No.8) 13.38 88.62 85-100
1.18-mm
(No.16)
21.45 78.55 75-100
600-m(No.30) 33.04 66.96 60-79
300-m(No.50) 83.26 16.74 12-40
150-m(No.100) 95.66 4.34 0-10

2.3 Coarse aggregate
Crushed gravel with maximum size of (12.5 mm). The grading of the gravel conformed to the
requirement of IQS No. [45/1984][8]. Its sieve analysis results are given in Tables (5).

Table( 5) Grading of Coarse aggregate
NO. Sieve Size
Passing
Coarse Aggregate
Iraqi specification No. 45/1984
1 14 mm 100 90 -100
2 10 mm 73.4 50 - 85
3 5 mm 3.3 0 -10
4 pan 0 -

2.4 Super plasticizer
A commercially available super-plasticizer Structuro 502 is used throughout this work as a
(HRWRA) in all mixtures. Structuro 502 combines the properties of water reduction and workability
retention.

Limit of Iraqi specification No. 5/1984 Test results Physical properties
(230 m
2
/kg) lower limit 308
Specific surface area (Blaine
method), (m
2
/kg)
Not less than 45min
Not more than 10 hrs
2hrs 15min
4hrs 10min
Setting time (vacate apparatus)
Initial setting, (hrs : min)
Final setting, (hrs : min)
Not less than 150 kg/cm
2
Not less than 230 kg/cm
2

288
342
Compressive strength (kg/cm
2
)
For 3-day
For 7-day
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976

2.5 Fibers
Two different types of fiber are used. The first is the steel fibe
Dramix ZP305 Fig.(2-a) and having a trough shape with hooks at both ends, and glued in
bundles. Steel fibers are 30 mm long and 0.55 mm in diameter, while the second is nylon fiber
Fig.(2-b) of crimped shape and rectangular c
45 mm.. In this investigation, three percentages by volume of concrete (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) are used
with mix proportion of 100-0%, 50-50% and 0

Figure (2)
2.6 Carbon Fiber Reinforced polymer
Carbon fiber fabric laminate of type Sika Wrap Hex
resin of type Sikadur-330 have been used to externally strengthen th
beams, as shown in Figure (3).

Figure (3)

3. MIXTURE PROPORTIONS

First, a control mixture (without fibers) is designed in accordance with the provisions of
Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for high strength concrete, ACI 211.4R
28-day cube compressive strength of (61 MPa) (Table 6), slump value for control mix is between
(95-105 mm) for a good mix workability. Thus, the total concrete m
nine. The W/Cm ratio is maintained at 0.3, slump values for FRC were kept in range (95

(a)
6316(Online) Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), IAEME
51
Two different types of fiber are used. The first is the steel fiber manufactured by Bekaert
a) and having a trough shape with hooks at both ends, and glued in
b) of crimped shape and rectangular cross section (of dimension 0.8*0.5 mm) with length of
50% and 0-100% for each fibers percentage (steel to Nylon).
Figure (2) (a) Steel Fibers, (b) nylon Fibers

2.6 Carbon Fiber Reinforced polymer and epoxy resin
Carbon fiber fabric laminate of type Sika Wrap Hex-230C and epoxy based impregnating
330 have been used to externally strengthen the reinforced concrete I

Figure (3) CFRP strips and epoxy resin(A + B)
Practice for Selecting Proportions for high strength concrete, ACI 211.4R-
day cube compressive strength of (61 MPa) (Table 6), slump value for control mix is between
105 mm) for a good mix workability. Thus, the total concrete mixes which contain fibers are
nine. The W/Cm ratio is maintained at 0.3, slump values for FRC were kept in range (95
(b)
r manufactured by Bekaert -
a) and having a trough shape with hooks at both ends, and glued in
ross section (of dimension 0.8*0.5 mm) with length of
100% for each fibers percentage (steel to Nylon).

230C and epoxy based impregnating
e reinforced concrete I -section

Practice for Selecting Proportions for high strength concrete, ACI 211.4R-08[9] , to have a
day cube compressive strength of (61 MPa) (Table 6), slump value for control mix is between
ixes which contain fibers are
nine. The W/Cm ratio is maintained at 0.3, slump values for FRC were kept in range (95-105 mm).
52

Table(6) Concrete Mix Proportions
Constituent Water Cement
Fine
Aggregate
Coarse
aggregate
Super
plasticizer
Amount (kg/m
3
) 137.85 459.5 738.4 896 4.59

4. CFRP INSTALLATION

The experimental program consists of (10) I-section beams, the concrete surface at bottom
faces of beams was cleaned from lousy materials by a surface cleaning machine. Firstly, the two-
parts of epoxy (A and B) were mixed in 4:1 ratio. The epoxy mixer has been applied to the surface of
concrete at location of CFRP strips in length of (60 cm) to fill the cavities. Also the epoxy mixer
poured on surface of CFRP strips and these strips applied to the surface of concrete as shown in
figure (4), The properties of epoxy and (CFRP) used are shown in table (6)and (7).

Figure (4) Repair steps beams

Table (7) Properties of epoxy resin
Density
1.31 Kg/L mixed (Comp. A+B)
Mixing ratio (A:B) by weight
1:4
Pot life
+15
o
C :90 min.
+35
o
C :35 min.
Open time
+35
o
C :30 min.
Viscosity
Pasty, not flow able.
Application temperature
Substrate and ambient temperature:
+15
o
C to +35
o
C
Adhesive tensile strength on concrete
Concrete fracture after 1 day (>15
o
C), on
sandblasted substrate
Tensile strength
(Curing 7 day, +23
o
C)= 30 N/mm
2

Flexural-E-Modulus
(Curing 7 day, +23
o
C) = 3800 N/mm
2


5. TESTING

Compressive strength of concrete is measured on 150 mm cubesin conformity with B.S 1881:
part 116: 1989[10]. The split tensile strength is determined as per the procedure outlined in ASTM C
496-96[11] to assess the split tensile strength of concrete cylinder specimens of (150*300)
The I-section beams are tested to investigate flexural strength. The
two-point loading as shown in figure (5), the loading rate was subjected using Universal machine
with capacity of 5000 kN at a rate of 3 MPa/min. The specimen is tested at the age of 28 days and
after the failure of the beams, oppos
sheet and test it again.
Fig.( 5): Details of I- Beam with Externally Bonded CFRP under two
53
. The split tensile strength is determined as per the procedure outlined in ASTM C
to assess the split tensile strength of concrete cylinder specimens of (150*300)
section beams are tested to investigate flexural strength. The beams were subjected to
point loading as shown in figure (5), the loading rate was subjected using Universal machine
after the failure of the beams, opposite load applied on the beam to repair it by using carbon fiber

Beam with Externally Bonded CFRP under two-point load

. The split tensile strength is determined as per the procedure outlined in ASTM C
to assess the split tensile strength of concrete cylinder specimens of (150*300) mm.
beams were subjected to
point loading as shown in figure (5), the loading rate was subjected using Universal machine
ite load applied on the beam to repair it by using carbon fiber

point load
54

Table( 8) Properties of carbon fiber strips
1 Fiber type High strength carbon fibers
2 Fiber orientation 0
0
(unidirectional)
3
Construction
Warp: Carbon fibers(99% of total a real weight)
Weft: Thermoplastic heat-set fiber(1% of total a real weight)
4 A real weight 225 gm/cm
2

5 Fiber density 1780 kg/m
3

6 Fiber design thickness

0.13 mm (Based on total area of carbon fiber)
7 Tensile strength 3500 N/mm
2
8 Tensile -E-modulus 230,000 N/mm
2

9 Elongation at break 1.5%
10 Fibric length / roll 45.7 m
11 Fibric width 305/610 mm
12 Shelf life Unlimited
13 Package 1 roll in card board box

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6.1 Slump Test
Results of the slump tests are presented in Table (9). The clearest effect was noted when
adding the fibers into the cement matrix, was the reduction in workability as fiber content increased.
To get, almost, similar workability for all mixes of this study, the (S.P/c) ratio changed when type
and the volume fraction of fiber changed.

Table (9) Compressive & Tensile Strength and Slump for different volume fraction

Slump (mm)

Splitting
tensile
strength (28)
day (
)MPa
Compressive
strength (28)
day (
)
MPa
Fibers percentage
% Symbol

Mix No.

NF% SF%
102 3.85 61.10 0 0 0 R M1
98 5.05 64.20 0 100 0.5 S1 M2
100 7.45 72.74 0 100 1 S2 M3
105 6.51 67.50 0 100 1.5 S3 M4
95 4.53 62.20 100 0 0.5 N1 M5
105 4.61 56.67 100 0 1 N2 M6
100 4.22 48.37 100 0 1.5 N3 M7
96 4.63 67.55 50 50 0.5 HY.1 M8
103 5.73 69.70 50 50 1 HY.2 M9
100 5.57 64.60 50 50 1.5 HY.3 M10

6.2 Compressive and tensile strength
Table(9) show The results of compression tests and tensile strength that determined at the
age of 28 days, as a means of quality control , Test results show that the additi
minor effect on the improvement of the compressive and tensile strength values, but the addition of
steel fibers has a major effect which is larger than the effect of nylon fibers.

6.3 Flexural Strength
The average results of the flexure tests are given in table (9) as a ultimate load. The flexural
strength trend for steel and nylon fiber varies when fiber increased.
load can be achieved for fiber percentage equal to 1.5% for steel fiber. In general,
percentage, the flexure strength of the FRC specimens increased as the steel fiber percentage
increases and it can be seen that the addition of nylon fibers slightly increases the flexural strength.

6.4 Repair beams
Table (10) and figure (6) shown result of repair beams, it indicate that the strength with
carbon fiber sheet have increased the resistance of bending for beams and this increase varies with
fiber contain, figure (7-16) show the load deflection of repair beam and figure(17)
of the failure before and after repairs.

Figure (6) ultimate load & CFRP ultimate load for different volume fraction ratios

L
o
a
d

(
K
N
)
Beam With Out Repair
55
6.2 Compressive and tensile strength
age of 28 days, as a means of quality control , Test results show that the addition of nylon fibers has
steel fibers has a major effect which is larger than the effect of nylon fibers.
flexure tests are given in table (9) as a ultimate load. The flexural
strength trend for steel and nylon fiber varies when fiber increased. The maximum increase ultimate
load can be achieved for fiber percentage equal to 1.5% for steel fiber. In general,
ure (6) shown result of repair beams, it indicate that the strength with
16) show the load deflection of repair beam and figure(17)
of the failure before and after repairs.

ultimate load & CFRP ultimate load for different volume fraction ratios

Beams
Beam With Out Repair Beam With Repair
on of nylon fibers has
flexure tests are given in table (9) as a ultimate load. The flexural
maximum increase ultimate
load can be achieved for fiber percentage equal to 1.5% for steel fiber. In general, for the all fiber
ure (6) shown result of repair beams, it indicate that the strength with
16) show the load deflection of repair beam and figure(17) shows the shape

ultimate load & CFRP ultimate load for different volume fraction ratios
56

Table (10) ultimate load & CFRP ultimate load for different volume fraction ratios

R: reference Concrete
S1: Concrete containing ( S.F = 0.5% )
S2: Concrete containing ( S.F = 1 % )
S3: Concrete containing ( S.F = 1.5% )
N1: Concrete containing ( N.F = 0.5% )
N2: Concrete containing ( N.F = 1% )
N3: Concrete containing ( N.F = 1.5% )
HY1: Concrete hybrids containing (50%S.F +50%N.F) the volumetric rate of 0.5%
HY2: Concrete hybrids containing (50%S.F +50%N.F) the volumetric rate of 1 %
HY3: Concrete hybrids containing (50%S.F +50%N.F) the volumetric rate of 1.5%

Figure (7) Load-deflection curve for reference and CFRP beam
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00
L
o
a
d

(
K
N
)
Deflection (mm)
REF. (CFRP (
REF .
Percent of
increase %

Ultimate
Load(CFRP)(k
N)

Ultimate
Load(EXP.)(k
N)

Fibers
percentage
%

Symbo
l
Mix No.
NF% SF%
22.1 88.30 72.37 0 0 0 R M1
24.72 112.22 89.98 0 100 0.5 S1 M2
33.36 127.50 95.6 0 100 1 S2 M3
30.78 131.50 100.55 0 100 1.5 S3 M4
15.06 90.70 78.83 100 0 0.5 N1 M5
11.58 92.50 82.9 100 0 1 N2 M6
20.45 96.6 80.2 100 0 1.5 N3 M7
19.33 91.8 76.93 50 50 0.5 HY.1 M8
17.56 107.65 91.72 50 50 1 HY.2 M9
31.50 116.70 88.75 50 50 1.5 HY.3 M10
57

Figure (8) Load-deflection curve for steel 0. 5 % and CFRP beam

Figure (9) Load-deflection curve for steel 1 % and CFRP beam

Figure (10) Load-deflection curve for steel 1.5 % and CFRP beam

Figure (11) Load-deflection curve for nylon 0.5 % and CFRP beam
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00
L
o
a
d

(
K
N
)
Deflection(mm)
( 0.5 %) S.F (CFRP (
( 0.5 %) S.F
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00
L
o
a
d

(
K
N
)
Deflection (mm)
( 1 %) S.F (CFRP (
( 1 %) S.F
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00
L
o
a
d

(
K
N
)
Deflection (mm)
( 1.5 %) S.F
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00
L
o
a
d

(
K
N
)
Deflection (mm)
( 0.5 %) N.F (CFRP (
58

Figure (12) Load-deflection curve for nylon 1 % and CFRP beam

Figure (13) Load-deflection curve for nylon 1.5 % and CFRP beam

Figure (14) Load-deflection curve for hybrid 0.5 % and CFRP beam

Figure (15) Load-deflection curve for hybrid 1 % and CFRP beam
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00
L
o
a
d

(
K
N
)
Deflection (mm)
( 1 %) N.F (CFRP (
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00
L
o
a
d

(
K
N
)
Deflection (mm)
( 1.5 %) N.F (CFRP (
( 1.5 %) N.F
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00
L
o
a
d

(
K
N
)
Deflection (mm)
( 0.5 %) HY (CFRP (
( 0.5 %) HY
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00
L
o
a
d

(
K
N
)
Deflection (mm)
( 1 %) HY (CFRP (
( 1 %) HY
59

Figure (16) Load-deflection curve for hybrid 1.5 % and CFRP beam

Figure (17) shape of the failure before and after repairs

6. CONCLUSIONS

1- The addition both type of fibers with different volumetric ratios leads to a decrease in the
workability of HSC. The addition of Steel Fibers caused an increase in compressive and
tensile strength of about 19 % and 93.5 % respectively for fiber volume fraction equal to 1%
at age of 28 days but addition of nylon fiber caused slightly effect.
2- Adding both type of fiber to HSC with different volumetric ratios leads to a clear
improvement in the properties of hardened state, so there is a significant increase in the
flexural strength for the concrete mix including 1.5% steel fiber equals to 38.94 % and for
nylon fiber including 1 % equal to 14.6 % and for hybrid fiber including 1 % equal to 26.74
%, compared with the reference beam.
3- Experimental results indicate that the use of CFRP sheets is satisfactory strengthening way
for I- section beams. It gives up to 22.1% increment in ultimate load for reference beam and
(30.78%, 20.45%, 31.50%) increment for fiber volume fraction equal to 1.5% for steel and
nylon and hybrid fiber respectively .
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00
L
o
a
d

(
K
N
)
Deflection (mm)
( 1.5 %) HY (CFRP (
( 1.5 %) HY
60

7. REFERENCES

[1] Newman, J., and Choo, B. S., Advanced Concrete Technology, 1st Edition, Elsevier Ltd.,
UK, 2003.
[2] Suji, D., Natesan. C., Murugesan R." Experimental Study on Behaviors of Polypropylene
Fibrous Concrete Beams " Journal of Zhejiang University, SCIENCE A, pp.1101-1109,2007
[3] Klaiber, F.W., Wipf, J.J. and Kempers, B.J., "Repair of Damaged Prestressed Concrete
Bridges using CFRP", Proceedings of the 2003 Mid Transportation Research Symposium,
Ames, Iowa, August 2003 by Iowa State University, www.ctre.iastate.edu. .
[4] Meier, U., Kaiser, H (1991), Strengthening of structures with CFRP laminates, advanced
composites materials in civil engineering structures,ASCE, New York, pp 224232.
[5] Alam, M.A., Zumaat, M.Z (2009), Eliminating premature end peeling of flexurally
strengthened reinforced concrete beams, Journal of applied sciences, 9(6), pp 1106-1113.
[6] Sobuz, H.R. Ahmed, E (2011), Flexural Performance of RC Beams Strengthened with
Different Reinforcement Ratios of CFRP Laminates, Key Engineering Materials, Trans
Tech Publications, Vols. 471-472, pp 79-84.
[7] ACI Committee 211(2008), " Guide for Selecting Proportions for High-Strength Concrete
Using Portland Cement and Other Cementitious Materials ", (ACI 211.4R-08) , American
Concrete Institute, 2008.
[8] --,-' ,-',-' ,' ) 5 ( " ~--~- -->-;-- " '+=' -' ,,--'' =,-' ,=,-' -- 1984 .
[9] --,-' ,-',-' ,' ) 45 ( " ' '~-- ---=- J--~-- - -'~,=- '--- " '+=' -' ,,--''
=,-' ,=,-' -- 1984 .
[10] B.S. 1881, Part 116, 1989, "Method for Determination of Compressive Strength of Concrete
Cubes", British Standards Institution; PP. 3, 1881.
[11] ASTM C 496 96 "Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens".
[12] Javaid Ahmad, Dr. Javed Ahmad Bhat and Umer Salam, Behavior of Timber Beams
Provided with Flexural as Well as Shear Reinforcement in the Form of CFRP Strips,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering & Technology (IJARET),
Volume 4, Issue 6, 2013, pp. 153 - 165, ISSN Print: 0976-6480, ISSN Online: 0976-6499.
[13] Dr. Salim T. Yousif, New Model of CFRP-Confined Circular Concrete Columns: Ann
Approach, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4,
Issue 3, 2013, pp. 98 - 110, ISSN Print: 0976 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 6316.

AUTHORS DETAIL

Eng. Adnan Ibrahim Abdullah, born in 1
st
January 1973 complete his B.Sc. at Baghdad
University, engineering college, civil engineering department in (Iraq) 1999. Recently, he
pursuing his M.Tech studying in structure engineering, civil engineering department university of
Tikrit / College of Engineering. (Iraq).

Dr. Muyasser M. Jomaa'h; He complete B.Sc. Civil Eng. At University of Tikrit in (Iraq)
1995,M.Sc. in Civil Engineering at University of Tikrit in (Iraq) 1998, and Ph.D. in Civil
Engineering atUniversity of technology-baghdad in (Iraq)2007.

Dr. Alya'a Abbas Al-Attar; she complete B.Sc. Civil Eng. At salahaldin University in (Iraq)
1994,M.Sc. in Civil Engineering at University of Tikrit in (Iraq) 1998, and Ph.D. in Civil
Engineering at University of technology-Baghdad in (Iraq)2006.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308

(Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 5, Issue 1, January (2014), IAEME

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