Fibre Optic System Design

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To be discussed
Determining the fundamental link design parameters aquire information Design loss calculations power budget Costing

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Design considerations
G

Transmission technology
Chosen around the data / IT requirements of the organisation

Transmission parameters
Data rates Bandwidth Capacity Transmission distances

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uture growth of transmission capacity

!n e"tremely important issue If there is free capacity a#ailable someone will find a reason to use it $$$ The cost of e"tra fibres is insignificant in the total cost of the installation Therefore install many additional spare fibres

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Cable costs versus distance

%&& .& -& ,& 3This does not include cable installation costs

Cable Cost as 2 +& of Total Cost3

*& )& (& '& %&

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%&

%&&

%&&&

%&&&&

Distance /0m1

4ystem reliability
5uality of equipment6 7efer to
Consultants 8ther users Trade maga9ines

Do not o#er design the system Trade off between cost and reliability 7oute cables through quiet areas :ark all cables clearly at termination points
Cont

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 0eep up to date documentation 7oute duplication6 Consider other telecommunications technologies

G

Choice of wa#elength
8ne of the first design considerations Dictated by the application / DDI uses %(&&nm1 ;se only one o#er the entire site <enerally use the shortest possible wa#elength
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Cable selection and installation route

:ultimode or monomode6 =etwork topology6 /7ing> 4tar or Bus1

7epeaters or amplifiers 6
=eeded for e"tra long cable runs 7equire power supplies> enclosures> maintenance etc Best to a#oid where possible !mplifiers /analog1 contribute noise 7epeaters /digital1 are preferable

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Transmitters and recei#ers

?here possible use
Those that adhere to international standards rom one manufacturer only

;se @ADs where possible

Cheaper @ess affected by the en#ironment @ess sensiti#e to #ibration and stress

4election considerations
:a"imum data rate ?a#elength of operation
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Cont

 :a" transmission distance @osses in each link :a" dispersion o#er each link :a" rise time for each component :a" rise time for the system @ed or laser =! and diameter of the fibres :atching TB C 7B modules to the fibre Data encoding to be used Commercial or industrial application 7eliability requirements @ink a#ailability requirements
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System Design Parameters

G G

Transmitter power
:easured at end of 'm attached fibreD D

:inimum transmit power

5uoted by manufacturer for TB operating lifeD ;se either peak or average power for all measurements in system /not both 1

7ecei#er sensiti#ity
:inimum input signal le#el for a BA7 of %&E. at a specified data rate /egD %&& :bps1

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G G

4ystem gain
Difference between TB output power and 7B sensiti#ity

4ystem losses
=atural fibre attenuation 4plicing Connectors Coupling Dispersion !geing Temperature Fhysical stress Damaged fibres

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4afety margin
To account for aging> en#ironmental losses> design errors and future in line splices !dd the manufacturers specified Grecei#er power penaltyH
G

!ccounts for Iitter /phase #ariations in a digital signal1> bandwidth limitations> dispersion> clock reco#ery problems etc

7ecommend * to %& dB G

Dynamic range
@imit to the power into the recei#er /to pre#ent damage> distortion1 Difference between ma"imum recei#er input power and recei#er sensiti#ity Ansure sufficient link attenuationD

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Coupling losses
G

Transmitter coupling losses

@AD has large surface area compared to fibre coreD
@AD loses %* dB with *& m core @AD loses (* dB with -D* m core

@aser has small surface area compared to fibre core

@aser loses #ery little G
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7ecei#er coupling losses

=egligible because photodiode is always larger than fibre core

@ink loss budget

4afety margin minus the system gain :a"imum signal loss allowable for cable> splice and connector losses

ade margin
@ink loss budget minus known losses /unused system gain1

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Link Loss Budget and Safety Margin

E%* :in TB power /+'D*/%'*/'*&1 E'&

8ptical Fower E'* /dBm1
Connector and splice losses @ink loss budget Cable attenuation

Affecti#e dispersion losses

E(&
4afety margin

E(*

7ecei#er 4ensiti#ity

'

,
Distance /0m1

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:a"imum Cable Distance

E ample Power Budget Calculation

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Band!idt" calculations
G

Calculated using time responses of fibre and TB C 7B componentsD

4lowest response time allowed from systemJ where the system output pulse has risen to .&2 of the input pulse #alue in ,&2 of the time

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Pulse duration #nd time response

T T L Fulse Duration 7 L Data 7ate

(a)
TL =7K T

% 7

(b)
7K T
.&2

TL

% '7

(c)
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&D,T

iltered =7K

Tr L &D,T L rise time L :a" response Time of @ink

Total system response time must be faster than &D, of the input signal period /pulse duration1D
:a"imum allowable bandwidth is in#erse of the calculated fastest system response timeD T s L &D, 3 T where Ts L system time response !nd T L %/7 for =7K T L %/'7 for 7K
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where 7 L data rate

4ystem time response is sum of

ibre time response Transmitter time response 7ecei#er time response

ibre time response affected by chromatic and modal dispersion TB and 7B rise times in specification sheets

Ts L / Tt2 M Tr2 M Tf211/2

where Tt L response of transmitter> Tr L response of recei#er
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Tf L response of fibre

ibre response time /Tf1

(Tfm2 + Tfc2 )

Tf

?here Tfm L time response from modal dispersion /ns1

Tfc L time response from chromatic dispersion /ns1 Tfm L Dm " @ where Dm = modal dispersion (ns/km)
= ength (km) Dm L (*& Bandwidth of fibre/quoted1 87 Dm L % && IDC :odal Bandwidth of fibre/quoted1

Tfc L time response from chromatic dispersion /ps1 Tfc L Dc " " @
where Dc = chromatic dispersion (ps/nm!km)

= spectral spread (nm)

= ength (km)

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E ample BANDWIDTH DESIGN CALCULATI NS !IDE

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