Ettering: Mapua - Department of Multimedia Arts and Sciences

LETTERING
MAPUA DEPARTMENT OF MULTIMEDIA ARTS AND SCIENCES Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing
IMPORTANCE OF ENGINEERING LETTERING
Lettering
The lettering used in mechanical drawing is a single stroke, freehand

form called single stroke gothic.
It was formulated in the late 19th century when C.W. Reinhardt worked
out a series of strokes for each letter of the alphabets.
The expression singlestroke means that the width of the straight and
curved lines that forms the letters are the same width as the strokes of the pen or pencil.
IMPORTANCE OF ENGINEERING LETTERING

To convey complete information working drawing must graphically
Lettering
portray the object in various views accompanied by size description and instructive specifications in the form of figured dimensions and notes.
All dimensions and notes should be lettered freehand in a plain, legible

style that can be rapidly executed.
Poor lettering detracts from the appearance of a drawing and often

impairs its usefulness regardless of the quality of line work.
PROPORTION OF LETTERS
Lettering
Although there is no fixed standard proportion of letters, certain

definite rules in their design must be observed.
The recognized characteristics of each letter should be carefully

studied and then thoroughly learned through practice.
It is advisable for the beginner to follow the fixed proportions rather

than rely on his untrained eye.
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PROPORTION OF LETTERS
Later, after he has thoroughly mastered the art of lettering his
individuality will be revealed naturally by slight variations in the shaped and proportions of some letters.
It is often desirable to increase and decrease the width of the letters

in order to make a word or group of words fill a certain space.
Letters narrower than the normal letters of the same height are
called compressed letters, those that are wider are called extended letters.
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Proportion Of Letters
The proportion is given by this formula:
where:
2 2 C=N=L and s= 3 C or s= 3
C = capital or uppercase letters N = number or numerals L = long stem s = short oval & stem
5 N t= 6 C
MAPUA DEPARTMENT OF MULTIMEDIA ARTS AND SCIENCES
Lettering
Guidelines
To attain uniform height of letter, very light horizontal guidelines called
capital line, waist line, base line and drop line are drawn.
In addition, very light vertical and inclined lined are drawn at random
to keep the letters uniform vertical or inclined.
Guidelines are absolutely essential for good lettering.
They must be drawn very light, so they dont need to be erased.

Use relatively hard pencil lead such as H with long conical points.
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Guidelines
Capital Lines Waist Line

Base Line Drop Line
STABILITY
If the width of the lower portion of a certain letters to be drawn equal to the width of the upper portion it will make the letters unstable and too heavy. To correct this, the upper portion of the letters B, E, F, S, X, & Z, and the numbers 2, 3 and 8 must be reduced slightly to give it a stable appearance.
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Lettering
Styles Of Letters
There are two styles of letters, the vertical and slant. The slant letters are inclined at approximately 72 degrees. Vertical letters are constructed 90 degrees with horizontal plane.
VERTICAL LETTERS
SLANT LETTERS
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Elements Of Letters
Stem letters Straight line of the letters that is drawn with a single downward stroke
of the hand.
1 3 4
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Elements Of Letters
Oval letters The oval is the other element of the letter. They resemble ellipses. The oval is the curved lines in a letter that is drawn in one way or
two way strokes of the hand.
12
Properties Of Good Stem
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It must be perfectly straight.

It must be tangent to oval and touches exactly the horizontal
guidelines.
It must be uniform in slope.
It must be uniform in thickness.
Properties Of Good Oval

It must be smooth and not pumpkin seed shaped. It should have no appendages. It must be tangent to stem and guidelines. It must be uniform in slope It must be uniform in thickness. The width must be uniform throughout.
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Methods Of Constructions
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Parallelogram method Used by beginners using all the guidelines like the horizontal,
vertical and inclined guidelines.
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Two line method Used by semiskilled draftsman using horizontal guidelines

only.
Sight method Used by skilled draftsman wherein letters are constructed

without guidelines.
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S I N G L E S T R O K E
V E R T I C A L L E T T E R I N G
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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SINGLE STROKE INCLINED LETTERING

15
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COMPOSITION OF LETTERS AND NUMERALS

In order that a piece of composition may look well, it must have uniformity in slope, weight, size and spacing of letters, words and sentences. Compact and uniform lettering is not only easily read but is beautiful as well. Capital letters, numerals, integers and long stems of lower case letters must have the same 2 height, short stems and ovals must be 3 the long stems. In a fractional number, the numerator and denominator must have the same height and 2 must be 3 the integer.
COURSE & SECT. SEAT NO.
4 2 4 4 2 10
6 3
NAME:
PLATE NO: DATE: GRADE
INSTRUCTOR:

Ettering: Mapua - Department of Multimedia Arts and Sciences

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LETTERING

IMPORTANCE OF ENGINEERING LETTERING

The lettering used in mechanical drawing is a single stroke, freehand

IMPORTANCE OF ENGINEERING LETTERING

All dimensions and notes should be lettered freehand in a plain, legible

Poor lettering detracts from the appearance of a drawing and often

Although there is no fixed standard proportion of letters, certain

The recognized characteristics of each letter should be carefully

It is advisable for the beginner to follow the fixed proportions rather

It is often desirable to increase and decrease the width of the letters

MAPUA DEPARTMENT OF MULTIMEDIA ARTS AND SCIENCES

Guidelines are absolutely essential for good lettering.

They must be drawn very light, so they dont need to be erased.

Capital Lines Waist Line

Properties Of Good Stem

It must be perfectly straight.

It must be uniform in slope.

It must be uniform in thickness.

Properties Of Good Oval

Two line method Used by semiskilled draftsman using horizontal guidelines

Sight method Used by skilled draftsman wherein letters are constructed

MAPUA DEPARTMENT OF MULTIMEDIA ARTS AND SCIENCES

SINGLE STROKE INCLINED LETTERING

COMPOSITION OF LETTERS AND NUMERALS

COURSE & SECT. SEAT NO.

PLATE NO: DATE: GRADE

MAPUA DEPARTMENT OF MULTIMEDIA ARTS AND SCIENCES

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