EXPERIMENT NO.

EE101L 05 RESISTANCES IN SERIES AND SERIES-PARALLEL

I. OBJECTIVES: 1. To series. 2. To calculate and measure the equivalent resistance of resistors connected in series-parallel. 3. To learn hot to hook up more complex electrical circuits from a schematic diagram. II. DISCUSSIONS: Electrical drawings showing circuit diagrams accompany (schematics) electrical normally equipment. measure the equivalent resistance of resistors connected in

reducing the $arious circuit elements to series and parallel equi$alent $alues until the entire circuit has !een reduced to one single equivalent resistance. %n what the is last two &the Laborator experimental certain theory. were E!"#r$%#&t' you ha$e !egun to use called (ou entirely method'. !ased made on

calculations of equi$alent resistance #u!sequently measurements

made in the la!oratory on actual physical equipment and a comparison were made !etween theory and the experimental results. The experimental method is the !est proof of correctness of a theory and the

These diagrams are usually clear and neatly laid out !ut it takes practice to !e a!le to relate them to the actual physical layout. This Laborator E!"#r$%#&t will permit you to make connections from writing diagram and is the first step in tackling further complicated set"ups. #eries circuits and parallel circuits are quite easy to calculate as far as equi$alent resistance is concerned. #eries"parallel circuits need not !e any more difficult " the secret lies in

experimental result is the !est final )udge and ar!iter of any dispute !etween the two. This is why la!oratory work is so important. %t is of course unlikely that the theoretical and experimental results will check exactly. There will usually !e a difference or error !etween the tow* attri!uted to $arious factors such as the accuracy of measuring

instruments components

the tolerances of the the human error in

your calculations and enter your results in the space pro$ided. 8o not proceed to 9roduce 2 !efore completing your calculations.

reading the instruments scale or in setting the exact $oltages etc. The difference !etween the theoretical and experimental $alues is usually expressed as a percent*
Percent Error = +Theoretical Value-Experimental Value/ x 100 Theoretical Value

2. :ook up each circuit as shown in the diagram equi$alent ohmmeter. #our and measure with the your your resistance

e sure to !ero ad"ust 1ecord

ohmmeter.

measurement in the space pro$ided. 3. 6alculate the percent error for the each case and the state whether it is accepta!le or not. 5. #ee ,ig. 1.

,or example if a theoretical $alue is calculated to !e 3- ohms and the experimental result yields a $alue of 2. ohms the percent error is* 30-27 Error / """"""" x 1-- / 1-0 30 %n the la! experiments carried on so far 1-0 is accepta!le. III. INSTRUMENTS ( COMPONENTS 1esistance 2odule (2odule 3o.4."152) 6onnection 7eads 2iscellaneous* 2ulti"tester IV. PROCEDURE 1. 6alculate the $alue of the equi$alent resistance for each of the circuit shown in Procedures 4 to 14. #how

1equi$alent (calculated) / ;;;;;;;< 1equi$alent (measured) / ;;;;;;;< Percent Error =. #ee ,ig. 2 / ;;;;;;;0

1equi$alent (calculated) / ;;;;;;;< 1equi$alent (measured) / ;;;;;;;< Percent Error / ;;;;;;;0

4. #ee ,ig. 3

?. #ee ,ig. 4

1equi$alent (calculated) / ;;;;;;;< 1equi$alent (measured) / ;;;;;;;< Percent Error .. #ee ,ig. 5 / ;;;;;;;0 1equi$alent (calculated) / ;;;;;;;< 1equi$alent (measured) / ;;;;;;;< Percent Error 1-. #ee ,ig. . / ;;;;;;;0

1equi$alent (calculated) / ;;;;;;;< 1equi$alent (measured) / ;;;;;;;< Percent Error >. #ee ,ig. = 1equi$alent (calculated) / ;;;;;;;< 1equi$alent (measured) / ;;;;;;;< Percent Error 11. #ee ,ig. > 1equi$alent (calculated) / ;;;;;;;< 1equi$alent (measured) / ;;;;;;;< Percent Error / ;;;;;;;0 / ;;;;;;;0 / ;;;;;;;0

1equi$alent (measured) / ;;;;;;;< Percent Error / ;;;;;;;0

1equi$alent (calculated) / ;;;;;;;< 1equi$alent (measured) / ;;;;;;;< Percent Error 12. #ee ,ig. ? / ;;;;;;;0

15. #ee ,ig. 11

1equi$alent (calculated) / ;;;;;;;< 1equi$alent (measured) / ;;;;;;;< Percent Error V. CONCLUSIONS: 1equi$alent (calculated) / ;;;;;;;< 1equi$alent (measured) / ;;;;;;;< Percent Error 13. #ee ,ig. 1/ ;;;;;;;0 VI. TEST )OUR *NO+LED,E 1. 6onnect the resistors shown in $ig. 1% in series to terminal & and . / ;;;;;;;0

1equi$alent (calculated) / ;;;;;;;<

2. 6alculate the equi$alent resistance of the series circuit shown in $ig. 1%. 1equi$alent / ;;;;;;;< 3. 6onnect the resistors in $ig. 1' in parallel to terminals & and .

4. 6alculate the equi$alent resistance of the series"parallel circuit shown in $ig. 14. 1equi$alent / ;;;;;;;< .. @hat is the highest possi!le

resistance that can !e o!tained from the R#'$'ta&-# Mo./0#. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;< @hat connections are needed to o!tain this resistance $alueA ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 5. 6alculate the resistance of the ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; >. @hat is the next highest possi!le =. 6onnect the 2- ohm resistor in series with the remaining resistors connected in parallel to terminals & and of the circuit shown in $ig. 14. resistance o!tainedA ;;;;;;;;;;;;;< $alue that can !e parallel circuit shown in $ig. 1'. 1equi$alent / ;;;;;;;<

?. #how the connections that can are necessary to o!tain 440( ohms )'*( ohms 1++* ohms and 1*++ ohms.