DESIGN OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED TWOWAY SLAB

AVAILABLE DATA :
fck = 25 N/mm2
fy = 415 N/mm2
Room size = 5.0 x 5.0m
Support

= 230 mm

Thickness of slab=150mm
TYPE OF SLAB:
ly /lx

= 5.0/ 5.0
= 1< 2

Hence designed as two way slab

DESIGN CONSTANT :
Basic value =32(continuous slab)
Qu= 3.45(page 1.32)
OVER ALL DEPTH:
Assume Clear cover 15mm
Diameter of main bar = 10mm
For Shorter span,
deff=150mm
D = 150 + 15 + 10/2 = 170 mm
For Longer span,
d = 150-10 = 140 mm
D = 140+ 15 + 10/2 = 160 mm
EFFECTIVE SPAN:
For shorter span,
i)Center to center of supports= 5000+230=5230mm
ii) Clear span + effective depth= 5000+150= 5150mm
For longer span,
i)Center to center of supports = 5000+230=5230mm
ii)Clear span + effective depth= 5000+150= 5150mm
LOAD CALCULATION:

Consider 1m width of slab

Live load = 2 KN/m2
Self weight of slab

= 1 x b x D x unit weight
=1 x 1 x 0.17 x 25
= 4.25 KN/m2

Weight of floor finish =1x 1 x 0.05 x 20= 1.0 KN/m2

Total load= 7.25 KN/m

Design load = 7.25 x 1.5 = 10.875 KN/m
FACTORED MOMENT :
ly/lx

= 5.15/5.15= 1.0

-ve x
-

+ve x

-ve y

+ve y

0.035

0.045

0. 035

For shorter span,

+ve Mx= x wlx2 = 0.035 x 10.87 x (5.15)2
= 10.09 x 106 N.mm
For longer span,
-ve My= x wlx2 = 0.045 x 10.87 x (5.15)2
= 12.97 x 106 N.mm
+ve My= x wlx2 = 0.035 x 10.87 x (5.15)2
= 10.09 x 106 N.mm
Maximum moment=12.97 x 106 N.mm
DEPTH REQUIRED :
Mu = Mu max
Mu = Qubd2
d = Mu /Qub
= 12.97 x 106 / 3.45 x 1000
= 61.31 (say) 70mm
d req < d pro

D=90mm

70mm < 150mm

Adopt greater value further design

d=150mm & D=170mm

TYPE OF SECTION :
Mu limit = Qubd2
= 3.45 x 1000 x 1502
= 77.625 x 106 N.mm2
Mu < Mu limit
DISTRIBUTOR REINFORCEMENT
Ast min= 0.12 / 100 x B x D
= 0.12 /100 x 1000 x 170
= 204 mm2
SPACING:
1) S = ast /Ast min x b= 50.26/204 x 1000
= 240 mm
2) 5d = 5 x 150 = 750 mm
3) 450 mm
Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 240 mm c/c
MAIN REINFORCEMENT:
For shorter span,(max mom in shorter span)
Mx = 0.87 fy Ast d ( 1- fyAst / fckbd)
12.97 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 150 ( 1- 415 x Ast / 25 x 1000 x 150)
5.99Ast2 - 54.15 x 103Ast + 12.97 x 106 = 0
Ast min = 246.22 mm2
SPACING:
Assume 10 mm dia bars
1) S = ast/Ast x b = 78.54/246.22 x 1000

= 320 mm
2) 3d = 3 x 150 = 450 mm
3) 300 mm c/c
Provide 10 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c distance.
For longer span:
My = 0.87 fy Ast d ( 1 fy Ast / bd fck)
10.09 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 150 ( 1- 415 x Ast / 25 x 1000 x 150)
5.99Ast2 - 54.15 x 103Ast + 10.09 x 106 = 0
Ast min = 190.34 mm2
Spacing:
Assume 8 mm dia bars
1) S=50.26/190.34 x 1000 = 270 mm
2) 3 x d = 3 x 150=450mm
3) 300 mm
Provide 8 mm bar at spacing 270mm c/c
CURTAILMENT:
Alternated bars are curtailed at 0.1leff from face of support(0.1 x
5.15=0.515m) . The full length bars are taken to top and extended from face of
support for a distance 0.1leff to take negative.
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
It is sufficient to check for shear along shorter span only
Nominal shear force Vu = 10.875 x 5.150/2
= 28 KN
Nominal shear force c = Vu/bd
= 28 x103/1000 x 150
c = 0.186 N/mm2
Ast at support = (ast/2 x spacing) x b
= (78.54/2 x 300) x 1000

(ast=10mmdia)

= 130.89mm2
% Ast = Ast/bd x 100
= (130.89/1000 x 150) x 100
%Ast = 0.087 %
c

= 0.28N/mm2 & k=1.25

Kc = 1.25 x 0.29
Kc = 0.36 N/mm2
cmax/2 = 3.1/2 = 1.55 N/mm2
c < kc < c max /2
Hence safe in the shear
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION
Assume 10mm dia
Astpro=(ast/s) x b=(78.54/300) x 1000
=261.8mm2
% of steel = 100Ast/bd
= 100 x 261.8 /1000 x 150
= 0.174%
fs = 0.58 x fy Astreq/Astpro
= 0.58 x 415 x 246.22/261.79
= 240
M.F = 1.8(by using 240 curve in graph)
davi = span/(BV x MF)
=5150/32 x 1.8 = 90mm
d req < d pro
Hence design is safe

DESIGN OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

AVAILABLE DATA:
Clear to center distance leff=5.23m
B=230mm, D=600mm & d=560mm (assumption)
fy=415N/mm2 & fck=25N/mm2
Q=3.45 & % Ast=1.197%
LOAD CALCULATION:
Self weight of beam =b x D x unit wt
=0.23x 0.6x 25=3.45 KN/m
Slab floor finish = perpendicular distance x tk x unit wt
=2.5 x 0.05 x 20=2.5 KN/m
Slab self wt=2.5 x 0.15 x 25=9.375KN/m
Wall load=0.23 x 3 x 19=13.11 KN/m
Total load =28.435 KN/M
Factored load =28.435 x 1.5
FACTORED MOMENT
Mu=( Fd xleff2)/8= (42.65 5.232)/8
Mu=145.82 KNm
SIZE OF BEAM
Equating Mu=Mulim
Mu = Qubd2 (b=2/3d)

Fd=42.65KN/m

d=(3 x Mu/2 x Qu)1/3

=(3 x 145.82 x 106/(2 x 3.45)) 1/3
d= 398.74 mm say 400 mm
d = 400mm < 560 mm

Hence safe

D=440mm
TYPE OF SECTION
Mulim= Qubd2 =3.45 x 230 x 4002
Mulim=126.96106 N.mm
Mulim <Mu
Hence the section shall be designed as doubly reinforced section
ADDITIONAL MOMENT
Mua=Mu-Mulim
=145.82-126.96=18.86 KNm
REINFORECEMENT
Ast1=Mulim/(0.87 x fy x (d-0.42 Xumax))
=126.96 x 106/(0.87 x 415 x (400-0.42 x 0.48 x 400)
Ast1 =1101.08mm2
Ast1 =MUA/(0.87 X fy x (d-d))
=18.86 x 106/(0.87 x415 x (400-40))
Ast2=145.10mm2
TOTLA Ast = Ast1+ Ast2

Ast =1246.18mm2
Provide 25mm dia bars
ast=490.87mm2
NOS=Ast/ast=1246.18/490.87=3nos
Ast =3 x x 252/4=1472.62mm2
Provide 3nos of 25mm dia bars as tension reinforcement
AREA OF COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT
d/d=40/400=0.1 for fsc=354 N/mm2
Asc = Mua/fsc(d-d) = 18.86 x 106/( 354 x (400-40))
Asc =147.99mm2
But min Asc =0.85bd/fy=0.85 x 230 x 400/415=188.43mm2
Provide 12mm dia bars
asc=113.09mm2
NOS=Asc/asc=188.43/113.09=3nos
Asc =3 x x 122/4=339.29mm2
Provide 3nos of 12mm dia bars as compression reinforcement
CURTALIMENT:
a) 50% bars of tension reinforcement are curtailed at 0.08 x l= 0.08x5230
= 418.4mm from the face support.
b) 50% bars of compression reinforcement are curtailed at 0.08 x l
=0.08x5230 = 418.4mm from the face support.

CHECK FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:

Vu = Fd x leff/2 = 42.65x5.23/2
= 111.52 KN

v = Vu/bd = 111.52x103/(230 x 400)

v = 1.21N/mm2
Ast = 1472.62/2=736.31mm2
% Ast = 100Ast/bd
= 100 x 736.31/(230 x 400)
% Ast = 0.8

c = 0.58N/mm2
v <c

Shear Reinforcement is necessary.

Provide nominal shear reinforcement.

Vus = Vu c bd
= 111.52 x 10^3 (0.55 x 230 x 400 )
Vus = 60.92 x 10^3 N.
Assume 8mm dia 2 legged vertical stirrups

Assume 8mm dia 2 legged vertical stirrups

1. Sv = 0.87FyAsv / 0.4b
= 0.87x415x (2xx82/4) /0.4 x 230
= 390mm
2. Sv = 450mm.
3. Sv = 0.75d = 0.75x400 = 300 mm

Provide 2 legged 8mm dia stirrups @ 300mm c/c.

CHECK FOR STIFFNESS:
% Ast = 100Ast/bd = 100 x 1472.62/(230 x 400)
% Ast = 1.6
Fs = 0.58Fy (Astreq/Astpro)
= 0.58x415x (1246.18/1472.62)
= 240 Curve
MF = 0.9
davi = span/(BV x MF)
d = 5230/32x0.9 = 200 mm< 400 mm
Hence design is safe.

DESIGN OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED PLINTH BEAM

AVAILABLE DATA:
Clear to center distance leff=5.23m
B=230mm, D=600mm & d=560mm (assumption)
fy=415N/mm2 & fck=25N/mm2
Q=3.45 & % Ast=1.197%
LOAD CALCULATION:
Self weight of beam =b x D x unit wt
=0.23x 0.6x 25=3.45 KN/m
Wall load=0.23 x 3 x 19=13.11 KN/m
Total load =16.56 KN/M
Factored load =16.56 x 1.5
FACTORED MOMENT
Mu=( Fd xleff2)/8= (24.84 5.232)/8
Mu=84.93 KNm
SIZE OF BEAM
Equating Mu=Mulim
Mu = Qubd2 (b=2/3d)
d=(3 x Mu/2 x Qu)1/3
=(3 x 84.93 x 106/(2 x 3.45)) 1/3

Fd=24.84KN/m

d= 333 mm say 350 mm

d = 350mm < 560 mm

Hence safe

D=390mm
TYPE OF SECTION
Mulim= Qubd2 =3.45 x 230 x 3502
Mulim=97.20106 N.mm
Mulim >Mu
Hence the section shall be designed as singly reinforced section
AREA OF REINFORECEMENT
Mu=0.87 fy Ast (d-fy Ast/fckb)
84.9310^6=0.87415Ast x 350(1-415Ast/25 x 230350)
26.05 AST2-126.36 X 103AST+84.93 X 106=0
Ast=806.08mm2
CHECK
Xumax/d = 0.87x fy x Ast / 0.36 x fck x b d
0.48 = (0.87 x 415 x Ast) / (0.36 x25 x 230 x 350)
Ast= 963.19 mm2
%Ast = Ast / bd x 100
Ast = %Ast x bd /100
= 1.197 x 230 x 350 /100
= 963.58 mm2

Assume 10 mm dia of bars

No.of bars = Ast /ast =963.19/78.54 = 12.26 nos
No of bars = 13 nos
Ast = 13 x 78.54 = 1021.02 mm2
Ast for hanger bar = 20% of Ast
= 20 /100 x 1021.02
=204.20 mm2
Ast for negative reinforcement @ top of supports
= 35% of Ast
= 35/100 x 1021.02
= 357.35 mm2
These bars are provided @ 0.25 le
0.25x 5230 = 1307.5mm
CURTALIMENT:
c) 50% bars of tension reinforcement are curtailed at 0.08 x l= 0.08x5230
= 418.4mm from the face support.
d) 50% bars of compression reinforcement are curtailed at 0.08 x l
=0.08x5230 = 418.4mm from the face support.
CHECK FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:
Vu = Fd x leff/2 = 24.84x5.23/2
= 64.95 KN
v = Vu/bd = 64.95x103/(230 x 350)

v = 0.8N/mm2
PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS, C
Ast @ support = 1021.02/2=510.51mm2
% Ast = Ast/bd x 100
= 510.51/230 x 350 x 100
% Ast = 0.63%
c = 0.52N/mm2 ( From table pg no : 1.26 )
v c
0.80 N/mm^2 0.52N/mm2
Provide Shear Reinforcement,
Vus = Vu c bd
= 64.95 x 103 (0.55 x 230 x350 )
Vus = 20.67 x 103 N.
Assume 8mm dia 2 legged vertical stirrups
1.Sv = 0.87 x Fy x Asv x d / Vus
= 0.87x415x2x/4x82x350 / 20.67x103
= 620mm.
2.Sv = 300mm.
3.Sv = 0.75d = 0.75x350= 270mm.
4.Sv = 0.87 x Fy x Asv/0.4b
= 0.87x415x2x/4x82/0.4x230
= 400mm.

Provide 2legged 8mm dia stirrups @ 270mm c/c.

CHECK FOR STIFFNESS:

%Ast @ mid span = 1021.02x100 / 230x350

= 1.26%
Stress in tension reinforcement ,
Fs = 0.58Fy(Astreq/Astpro)
= 0.58x415x(963.19/1021.02)
= 230 Curve
MF = 0.94 (From pg no 1.52 )

d= 5230/20x0.94
= 280mm<350mm

Hence it is safe

DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR COLUMN

AVAILABLE DATA:
Size of column= 230 X 300mm
fck = 25 N/mm2
fy = 415 N/mm2
LOAD CALCULATION:
SLAB:
Wt of slab (1) = L x B x D x unit wt
= 2.5 x 2.5 x 0.17 x 25 = 26.56 KN
Wt of slab ff (1) = L x B x D x unit wt
= 2.5 x 2.5 x 0.05 x 20 = 6.25 KN
Live load (1) = 2.0 x 2.5 x 2.5 = 12.5 KN
BEAM
Beam (1) = L x B x D x unit wt
= 2.5 x 0.23 x 0.44 x 25 = 6.325 KN
Beam (2) = 2.5 x 0.23 x 0.44 x 25 = 6.325 KN

WALL
Wall load (1) = L x B x H x unit wt
= 2.5 x 0.23 x 3 x 19 = 32.77 KN
Wall load (2) = 2.5 x 0.23 x 3 x 19 = 32.77 KN

COLUMN
Self weight of column = L x B x H x unit wt
= 0.23 x 0.3 x 3 x 25=5.175 KN
Sum of all above loads = 128.67 KN
No of floor consideration (3) = 128.67 x 3= 386.01 KN
Say W = 400 KN
DESIGN LOAD:
Pu = W x 1.5 = 400 x 1.5
Pu = 600 KN
AREA OF COLUMN
Ag = l x b = 230 x 300 = 69 x 103 mm2
SLENTERNESS RATIO
S.R = Leff/D
= 3.048/450
S.R = 6.77 < 12
S.R = Leff/b
= 3048/300
S.R = 10.16 < 12
Both slenderness ratio are less than 12 hence short column MINIMUM
ECCENTRICITY
I)LONGER SIDE

emin = Leff/500+D/30
= 3048/500+450/30
= 21.10 mm
emax = 0.05D
= 0.05 X 450
= 22.5 mm
III)SHORTER SIDE
emin = Leff/500+b/30
= 3048/500+300/30
emin = 16.10 mm
emax = 0.05b
= 0.05 x 300
= 15 mm

LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT
Let assume Asc = 1% Ag
= 0.01 Ag
= 0.01 x 69 x 103
= 690 mm2
Area of concrete Ac = Ag 0.01 Ag = 0.99 Ag
= 0.99 x 69 x 103

= 68.31 x 103
Pu = 0.4fck Ac + 0.67fyAsc
Pu = 0.4 x 25 x 68.31 x 103+ 0.67 x 415 x 690
Pu = 874.95 KN
Say Pu = 900 KN > 600 KN Hence safe
% Asc = 100 Asc/Ag
= 100 x 690 / (69 x 103)
% Asc = 1 % > 0.89% < 6%

HENCE OK

Let us provide 6nos of 22mm dia bars

Asc = 6 x

222/4 = 2280.79mm2

COVER
Clear cover shall be greater of
a) 40mm
b) Dia = 22mm
Provide a clear cover of 40mm
SPACING
1) Longer side S=300- (40+40+22/2+22/2) / 2
S =99 mm<300mm
2) Shorter side S=300-(40+40+24/2+24/2)
S = 64mm<300mm
TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT

MINIMUM DIAMETER
1) 1/4 x dia = 1/4 x 22 = 5.5mm
2) Not less than 6mm
PITCH
1) LLD = 230 mm
2) 16 x 22 = 352 mm
3) 300mm
Provide 6mm dia laterals at 230mm c/c
RESULT
Size of column = 230 x 300 mm
Longitudinal reinforcement = 6nos of 22mm dia bars
Transverse reinforcement = 6mm dia at 300 mm c/c

DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING

AVAILABLE DATA:
Size of column=230 x 300mm
Safe bearing capacity=150 KN/m2
fck = 30 N/mm2
fy = 415 N/mm2
SIZE OF FOOTING
Axial load of footing = 900 KN
Assume the self wt of footing as10%of the column load
W1=10/100 x 900
= 90 KN
Total load on soil =900+90=990 KN
Area of footing required = total load /sbc
= 990/150
= 6.6 m2
Since it is a rectangular column
The size of rectangular footing having the side ratio of L/B = 1.5
B x L=6.6 m2
B X (1.5B) = 6.6 m2
1.5B2 = 6.6

B= 2.3 & L= 3.5m

Area of footing=2.3 x 3.5 = 8.05 m2
NET UPWARD DESIGN PRESSURE
Fo= 900 X 1.5 /8.05
=167.7 KN/m2
PROGECTION OF FOOTING
In long direction= 3.5-0.3/2 = 1.6 m
In Short direction = 2.3- 0.23/2= 1.035 m
FACTORD MOMENT
Maximum factored moment occurs at the face of column for design
purpose consider over hang on both sides
Long direction
Mul= fo x projection area x prj.dis/2
= 167.7 x 2.3 x 1.6 x 1.6/2
=493.7 KNm
Short direction
Mus = 167.7 x 3.5 x 1.035 x 1.035/2
=314.37 KNm
DEPTH REQUIRED FOR FOOTING
dreq =

dreq=

= 227.7

Say dreq = 230mm

Considering the effect of shear provide an effective depth of 460mm
practically the effective depth of 230mm may not sufficient to take care
off shear , hence let us increase the depth two time.
d=520 mm
Provide 50mm as effective cover
D=460+50
D = 510mm
TENSION REINFOTCEMENT
IN LONG DIRECTION
MUL = 0.87 fy Ast d ( 1- fy Ast / fck bd)
493.7 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 460 (1- 415 x Ast / 30 x 2300 x 460)
2.17Ast2 166.08 x 103Ast + 493.7 x 106 = 0
AstL = 3098.07 mm2
Astmin = 0.12/100 x (b x D)
= (0.12/100) x 2300 x 510
Astmin = 1407.6 mm2
ast = x 162/4=201.06 mm2
NOS = AstL / ast = 1407.6/201.06 = 8nos
Provide 8 nos of 16mm dia bars in long direction at uniform spacing

Ast = 8 x x 162/4 = 1608.49 mm2

IN SHOTRED DIRECTION
MUS = 0.87 fy Ast d ( 1- fy Ast / fck bd)
314.17 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 460 (1- 415 x Ast / 30 x 3500 x 460)
1.42 Ast2 166.083 x 103Ast + 314.17 x 106 = 0
AstL = 1923.27 mm2
Astmin = 0.12/100 x (b x D)
= (0.12/100) x 3500 x 460
Astmin = 1932 mm2

Area of steel to be provides in the central band of 2.3m width in short

direction.
Ast at central band = 2.3 x 1932 / (1.5 + 1) = 1777.44 mm2
Reminder of steel to be provided in edge band

= 77.28 mm2

Provide one no. of 12mm dia at each edge band

ast = x 162/4=201.06 mm2
NOS=1932 / 201.06=10nos
Provide 10nos of 16mm dia bars at central band.
Ast =10 x x 162/4 + 2 x x 122/4 = 2236.81 mm2

CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT LENTH

Ld=0.87 Fy x dia / 4 x bd=0.87 x 415 x 16/(4 x 1.5)
Ld=962.8mm
Length of bars beyond the face of column in long direction
1600-50 = 1550mm > 962.8 mm
In Short direction
1035-50= 985mm > 962.8 mm
Hence ok .Hooks are not necessary at end of bars.
CHECK FOR SHEAR
TRANSVERSE SHEAR
1) Long direction
Vu= fo x length x (1.035- 0.46)
= 167.7 x 3.5 x 0.575
= 337.49 KN

v = Vu/bd =337.49 x 103/3500 x 460

v =0.21 N/mm2
%Ast=100Ast/bd=100 x 3098.07/ (3500 x 460)
=0.19%

c =0.32 N/mm2

K c =1 X 0.32 = 0.32 N/mm2

v < Kc

Safe in shear

2) Shorter direction
Vu= fo x length x (1.6- 0.46)
= 167.7 x 2.3 x 1.14
=439.7 KN

v = Vu/bd =439.7 x 103/2300 x 460

v =0.41 N/mm2
%Ast=100Ast/bd=100 x1923.27 / (2300 x 460)
=0.18%

c =0.31 N/mm2
K c =1 X 0.31 = 0.31 N/mm2

v < Kc

Safe in shear

CHECK FOR PUNCING SHEAR

At d/2 around the column. The critical section for punching shear is at a
distance of d/2= 460 /2= 230mm
From the face of column around
Side of section=(230+300+230) x (230+230+230)
= 760 x 690mm
PUNCING SHEAR ACROSS SECTION

Vz= fo x (outer area inner cutting area)

= 167.7 x ( 3.5 x 2.3 0.76 x 0.69 )
Vz = 1262.04 x 103 N
NOMINAL SHEAR STRESS

z =1262.04 x 103 / 2(760 + 690 ) x 460

z =0.94 N/mm2
PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS IN CONCRETE

cz = Kscz
Bc=230/300 =0.76
Ks=0.5+0.76=1.26 limited to 1

cz = 0.25

=0.25

= 1.37

Kscz =1 x 1.37 = 1.37 N/mm2

z <

Kscz safe in punching shear .

Hence ok

CHECK FOR BEARING STRESS

Size of the base of frustum of pyramid= (b+4d) x (D+4d)
= (230 + 4 x 460) + (300 + 4 x 460)
= 2070 x 2140
But limited to 2070 x 2140mm
Supporting area A1=2.3 x 3.5=8.05 m2

Loaded area A2=0.23 x 0.3=0.069m2

= 10.8 but restricted to 2
Permissible bearing stress = 0.45 x fck x
= 0.45 x 30 x 2 = 27 N/mm2
Actual bearing stress=

=19.56 N/mm2
19.56< 27
HENCE SAFE
CHECK FOR SBC OF SOIL
Column load=900 KN
Weight of footing=2.3 x 3.5 x 0.51 x 25=102.63 KN
Total load on soil=1002.63 KN
Pressure on soil=1002.63 / ( 2.3 x 3.5 )=124.55 KN/m2
124.55 KN/m2 < 150KN/m2
Hence safe