Fluids in Our Daily Life

Submitted to:
Sir Dr. Shahid Naveed Sahib
Submitted by:
Muhammad Usman (08-chem-02-B)

Date: 14 September 2009

Department of Chemical Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore

Fluid:
A fluid is a substance that doesn’t permanently resist distortion.
Types of fluids:
Fluids are classified with respect to their nature. A common classification of fluids is
presented below…

➢ On the basis of change in density

1. Compressible fluids:
2. Incompressible fluids

Incompressible fluids:
These are the fluids whose density changes to a little extent with the moderate
change in temperature and pressure. Liquids are considered as the common
example of incompressible fluids.

Compressible fluids:
These are the fluids whose density changes considerably with moderate change in
temperature and pressure. Their common example is

1. Gases
2. Air
However with the small changes in temperature and pressure gases are also
considered as incompressible fluids.

➢ On the basis of their viscosity:

On the basis of viscosity liquids are classified into two types which are further
subdivided.

1. Newtonian fluids
2. Non Newtonian fluids

Newtonian fluids:
Fluids that show their linear line behavior when a graph is plotted with velocity
gradient at one axis and the shear stresses at the other. This straight line
passes through the origin.

In general we can say that in their behavior they are somewhat similar to water.

Non Newtonian fluids:

Fluids whose curves show deviations from a straight line when their behavior
is plotted on the graph (between velocity gradient at one axis and shear
stresses at the other axis) are called Non Newtonian fluids

They are further subdivided on the basis of their graphical curved shapes.

1. Bingham plastic:
Fluids that do not flow at all until a Threshold shear stress is reached are called
Bingham fluids. After this threshold shear stress they follow the linear behavior like
that of water.
In general they are the Newtonian fluids with the difference of this that their line
does not pass through the origin.

Example:

Example of this is the “sewage sludge”.

2. Pseudo plastic fluids:

Their curve passes through the origin, is concave downward at low shears and
becomes nearly linear at high shears. They are also called shear rate thinning
fluids.

These fluids are thicker than Newtonian fluids.

Example:

“Rubber latex” is an example of this type.

3. Dilatants:
Their curve is concaving upward at low shears and almost linear at high shears.
They are also called shear rate thickening fluids.

These are thinner fluids than Newtonian fluids.

Example:

“Quicksand” and “sand filled emulsions” are the common examples.

Fluids
1 Water 1 Perfumes
1
2 Mustard oil 1 Spirits
2
3 Hydraulic oil 1 Thinner
3
4 Engine oil 1 Shampoo
4
5 Sugar water solution 1 Air
5
6 Turpentine oil 1 Household gas
6
7 Kerosene oil 1 Cold drink
7
8 Petrol 1 Fruit juices
8
9 Diesel 1 C N G Gas
9
1 Mobile oil 2 Hydrochloric acid
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