Barreto 1 Jorge Barreto Professor April Flakne Kant's Critique of Pure Reason 12/30/13 Su stan!

e an" t#e Self in Kant's First Paralogis$ %&#at' t#e representation of (#i!# is t#e absolute subject of our )u"g$ents an" !annot t#erefore e e$plo*e" as "eter$ination of anot#er eing' is substance+ %,' as t#inking eing' a$ t#e absolute subject of all $* possi le )u"g$ents' an" t#is representation of $*self !annot e e$plo*e" as pre"i!ate of an* ot#er t#ing+ %&#erefore ,' as t#inking eing -soul.' a$ substance+/ -A301. So runs t#e First Paralogis$ of Pure Reason' presente" as a trans!en"ental ps*!#ologist's potential argu$ent for t#e soul's su stantialit*+ Fro$ t#is su stantialit*' as an o )e!t of inner sense' t#e "eri2ation of t#e i$$aterialit* of t#e soul is soug#t+ A paralogis$ eing a for$all* falla!ious s*llogis$' it is presente" so as to e !ritique"' presu$a l* in or"er to argue against t#e soul's su stantialit*+ Spe!ifi!all*' Kant sa*s t#at t#e for$al error !o$$itte" * ea!# paralogis$ is a 'sophisma figurae dictionis'' (#i!# is #is (a* of na$ing an error in (#i!# t(o "ifferent senses of a ter$ are !onflate" for t#e purposes of a s*llogis$+ &#e ', t#ink' is t#e groun" (#en!e t#is paralogis$ $ust ste$' "ue to its eing a part of a rational "o!trine of t#e soul' insofar as it "oes not seek to learn %in regar" to t#e soul an*t#ing $ore t#an !an e inferre"' in"epen"entl* of all e3perien!e + + +' fro$ t#is !on!ept ','' so far as it is present in all t#oug#t/ -A302.+ ,$portantl*' t#is paralogis$' along (it# t#e t#ree ot#ers' is $eant to support t#e final !on!lusion of a persistent' i$$ortal soul+ Kant argues t#at t#oug# t#e soul is in fa!t su stan!e' or !an at least e

Barreto 2 sai" to e su stan!e' fro$ t#is groun" one !annot argue t#at %,' as a t#inking eing' persist for $*self' an" "o not in an* natural $anner eit#er arise or perish/ -A304.+ Basi!all*' Kant is sa*ing t#at t#oug# t#ere is so$e sense in (#i!# t#e soul is su stan!e' one !annot argue' as rational ps*!#ologists (oul" presu$a l* (ant' fro$ t#ere to t#e soul's i$$ortalit* or per$anen!e+ &#e pre!ise pro le$ #ere is one of self kno(le"ge+ &#is in2ol2es t#e pro le$ of refle!tion5 t#at t#e representing self' t#e trans!en"ental su )e!ti2it*' t#e ,' seeking to put itself efore itself t#at it $a* refle!t t#ereupon an" esta lis# kno(le"ge t#ereof' in e2er* !ase fails to "o so+ A$ong ot#er t#ings' t#is is e!ause in e2er* !ase' (#ate2er it puts efore itself is eing put efore itself' i+e+' (#ate2er it refle!ts upon (ill not e self i"enti!al (it# it+ 6ue to t#is ne!essar* "i!#oto$*' it !an at est refle!t upon a $ere representation of itself+ &#e paralogis$'s $istake is t#e !onflation of t(o $eanings (#i!# t#e ter$ 'a solute su )e!t' takes' putting for(ar" kno(le"ge of t#e %!onstant logi!al su )e!t of t#oug#t as eing kno(le"ge of t#e real su )e!t in (#i!# t#e t#oug#t in#eres/' e2en t#oug# %(e "o not #a2e' an" !annot #a2e' an* kno(le"ge (#atsoe2er of an* su!# 7real8 su )e!t/ -A390.+ &#us Kant argues t#at t#e soul is in"ee" su stan!e' ut onl* in i"ea' not in realit*+ :e (ill pro!ee" * (a* of !larifi!ation' elu!i"ating t#e $eaning of ea!# of t#e ter$s in t#e paralogis$+ &#e first of t#ese is t#e a solute su )e!t an" t#e se!on" of t#ese is su stan!e+ &#e t#ir" ite$ to e e3plaine" is t#e t(o "ifferent senses in (#i!# t#e paralogis$ uses t#e ter$ 'a solute su )e!t'' an" (#at pre"i!ating su stan!e of ea!# t#ese "oes+ :e egin (it# an e3a$ination of su stan!e+ &#e first pre$ise of t#e paralogis$ is alrea"* a "efinition t#ereof+ A!!or"ing to it' t#e representation of su stan!e is t#e a solute

Barreto 3 su )e!t of our )u"g$ents an" !annot t#erefore e e$plo*e" as t#e "eter$ination of anot#er eing+ ;2i"entl*' its appealing alrea"* to t#e ter$ 'a solute su )e!t' (ill #a2e to e treate" (aril*' as t#is ter$ ser2es to intro"u!e t#e "iffering senses of 'su stan!e'' (#i!# (ill e t#e slippage !onstituting t#e for$al error of t#e paralogis$+ ,n t#e !ritique of t#e paralogis$' Kant sa*s t#at one !an sa* %of an* an" e2er* t#ing t#at it is su stan!e' in t#e sense t#at , "istinguis# it fro$ $ere pre"i!ates an" "eter$inations of t#ings/ -A304.+ ;lse(#ere' Kant sa*s t#at %t#e s!#e$a of su stan!e is per$anen!e of t#e real in ti$e' t#at is' t#e representation of t#e real as a su strate of e$piri!al "eter$ination of ti$e in general' an" so as a i"ing (#ile all else !#anges/ -A103.+ :e are re$in"e" t#at t#e s!#e$a of a !on!ept is t#e %for$al an" pure !on"ition of sensi ilit* to (#i!# t#e e$plo*$ent of t#e !on!ept of t#e un"erstan"ing is restri!te"/ -A100.+ &#ese are $ultifarious "eter$inations of t#e !on!ept of su stan!e+ <n t#e one #an"' (e are instru!te" t#at t#at (#i!# is su stan!e is a i"ing an" un!#anging' an" is t#at (#erein pre"i!ates an" "eter$inations in#ere+ <n t#e ot#er' (e are tol" t#at it is to e e$plo*e" onl* as per$anen!e of t#e real in ti$e' an" t#us as t#e su strate of e$piri!al "eter$ination of ti$e in general+ &#ese' of !ourse' go #an" in #an"+ <nl* as a i"ing an" su sisting !oul" (e e3pe!t so$et#ing to ser2e as t#e su strate ne!essitate" * t#e e$piri!al "eter$ination of ti$e+ ,$pli!it in t#ese !onsi"erations is t#at t#ere !an e onl* one t#ing (#i!# is su stan!e an" (#i!# ser2es as t#is su strate+ At t#e 2er* least' it is not in!on!ei2a le t#at if t#ere (ere to appear to e $ore t#an one of t#is sa$e kin" of t#ing' t#e* $ig#t turn out to e t#e sa$e+ :e !ontinue (it# t#e paralogis$'s se!on" pre$ise+ :e are tol" t#at t#e ',' is a t#inking eing' an" is as su!# t#e a solute su )e!t of all its possi le )u"g$ents+ :e re$in" oursel2es t#at a )u"g$ent is $e"iate kno(le"ge of an o )e!t' or t#e %representation of a representation of 7sai"

Barreto 0 o )e!t8/ -A=1.+ &#e su )e!t of a )u"g$ent' t#is latter representation' e2i"entl*' is t#at a out (#i!# t#e )u"g$ent is+ A si$ple (a* to take t#is first !lause of t#is pre$ise is t#en to sa* t#at t#e , is t#at to(ar"s (#i!# all )u"g$ents are "ire!te"' or are a out+ &#ere is e2en e2i"en!e else(#ere in t#e te3t supporting t#is interpretation5 %all o )e!ts (it# (#i!# (e !an o!!up* oursel2es' are one an" all in $e' t#at is' are "eter$inations of $* i"enti!al self/ -A124.+ All o )e!ts t#us eing 'in' $e' it !an e sai" t#at an*t#ing pre"i!ate" of an*t#ing is reall* pre"i!ate" of $*self+ &#is is a (a* of e3plaining #o( t#e self fun!tions as t#e li$it of e3perien!e an" kno(le"ge' an" t#us #o( one !an ne2er es!ape oneself or get outsi"e of one's self+ &#e se!on" !lause of t#e se!on" pre$ise rea"s t#at t#e representation of $*self -t#e ', t#ink'. !annot e e$plo*e" as pre"i!ate of an* ot#er t#ing+ &#is , take to $ean t#at t#ere is e3a!tl* one t#ing of (#i!# (e $a* pre"i!ate 't#inking eing'' an" t#at is ,> an" t#at , !annot ser2e as t#e pre"i!ate for an*t#ing ut $*self+ &#oug# (e (ill not "el2e into it' it is useful #ere to note t#at t#is is not a solipsisti! re$ark (#i!# seeks to "en* t#e e3isten!e of ot#er $in"s+ &o put it anot#er (a*' (e !an note t#at (#ile t#e ',' fun!tions as t#at in (#i!# t#oug#ts an" representations in#ere as "eter$inations' it itself !annot ser2e as t#e "eter$ination for an*t#ing+ &aken in its entiret*' t#e se!on" pre$ise $a* e rea" as5 ', a$ e2er*t#ing a out (#i!# $a* e spoken' an" , a$ not#ing ut $*self'+ :e are not #ere entirel* re$iss to in2oke :ittgenstein's Tractatus5 %:#at solipsis$ means is quite !orre!t + + + &#at t#e (orl" is my (orl"' s#o(s itself in t#e fa!t t#at t#e li$its of t#e language -t#e language (#i!# onl* , un"erstan". $ean t#e li$its of my (orl"+/ -9+=2.+ <f t#e paralogis$'s argu$ent' Jonat#an Bennett sa*s t#at' t#e first pre$ise eing si$pl* t#e "efinition of su stan!e as pre2iousl* gi2en' an" t#e !on!lusion eing si$pl* t#e logi!al

Barreto 9 follo( t#roug# of t#e s*llogis$' it is t#e se!on" pre$ise (#i!# #ol"s t#e argu$entati2e for!e+ <f t#e se!on" pre$ise' Bennett sa*s t#at its first !lause' t#at ', a$ t#e a solute su )e!t of all $* possi le )u"g$ents'' "oes not !ontri ute to t#e argu$ent -?0.' an" is in fa!t t#e lo!ation of an error on Kant's si"e+ @a2ing rus#e" asi"e se2eral interpretations of t#is !lause' in!lu"ing t#e one gi2en a o2e - eing t#e sa$e one Bennett sa*s is Kant's.' #e interprets t#e !lause as sa*ing A$erel* t#at all $* )u"g$ents are mine5 not t#at , a$ t#eir topi! or su )e!tB$atter' ut )ust t#at t#e* are states of $*self or episo"es in $* #istor*A -?9.+ Spe!ifi!all*' Bennett sa*s t#at AKant's $istake is t#at #e !onflates 7t#oug#ts o!!urring as states of oneself8 (it# t#e "ifferent an" false !lai$ t#at all $* )u"g$ents are about $*selfA -?9.+ Bennett's !ontention is one t#at is fuele" * a $isun"erstan"ing of (#at it is for t#e ',' to represent t#e li$it of $* (orl"+ ,t is furt#er fuele" * #is !ontention' #ar"l* argue" for' t#at t#oug#ts are not pre"i!ates an" are rat#er properties or "eter$inations+ Co(' pri$a fa!ie' it is e2i"ent t#at t#oug#ts are not pre"i!ates' (#i!# are logi!al "e2i!es+ @o(e2er' it is telling t#at Kant sa*s of t#oug#ts t#at t#e* are ot# pre"i!ates an" "eter$inations of t#e ','+ ,t isn't t#at t#oug#ts are pre"i!ates' t#e* rat#er function as pre"i!ates+ &#e ',' is a li$it of t#e (orl" insofar as it a!ts as its uni2ersal !on"ition of possi ilit*' an" t#ings in#ering t#erein fun!tion pre"i!ates of it insofar as t#e* "eter$ine it+ ,t is i$portant alrea"* to separate out t#e ter$s (#i!# (ill e s#o(n to e t#e t(o !onflate" in t#e paralogis$+ :e !an take a !lue fro$ Kant (#en #e sa*s t#at t#e first pre$ise uses t#e ter$ 'su stan!e' trans!en"entall*' (#ereas t#e se!on" pre$ise an" t#e !on!lusion use it e$piri!all* -A003.+ As #as een note"' t#e se!on" pre$ise "oes not use t#e ter$ 'su stan!e'' ut rat#er relies on 'a solute su )e!t' to "o t#e equating (ork (it# t#e !on!lusion+ &#ere is first t#e

Barreto = pure or original apper!eption> an" t#ere is t#en t#e ', t#ink'' (#i!# fun!tions as t#e representation of t#e for$er+ &#e unit* of t#is original apper!eption' entitle" t#e trans!en"ental unit* of apper!eption' is t#at !on"ition (#i!# !onstitutes t#e $ineness of all representations' as t#e un"erl*ing strata in (#i!# t#ese representation in#ere+ &#is apper!eption gi2es rise to t#e ', t#ink'' t#at representation (#i!# ne!essaril* a!!o$panies all ot#er representations+ As (e s#all see' it is t#e apper!eption (#i!# is trul* to e !alle" su stan!e' as a i"ing an" un!#anging+ &#e ', t#ink' $ig#t e $ore properl* sai" to e t#at (#i!# in"e3es t#e apper!eption' an" fun!tions as t#e representation t#ereof+ @en!efort#' t#ese t(o ele$ents (ill e referre" to * t#eir proper na$es+ Bennett's igger point is t#at Kant's for$al anal*sis of t#e paralogis$ isn't (#at is of t#e $ost i$port' t#at it is rat#er to t#e 'inflation' of its !on!lusion t#at (e $ust atten"+ ,t (oul" e t#en so$et#ing a out t#e !on!lusion' Bennett argues' (#i!# lea2es itself open to $isinterpretation+ ,t $ust e t#e !ase t#at Bennett #as not full* un"erstoo" t#e i$port of Kant's argu$ents+ @e argues t#at Kant #as gotten $i3e" up t#oug#tsBasBstates an" t#oug#tsBasB pre"i!ates (#i!# #as le" to t#e falla!* of t#at first !lause+ @e gi2es t#e se!on" pre$ise as t#e Apri$al e3a$pleA of t#e $i3Bup' an" reprinting it in #is te3t' asks (#at representation t#e line A+ + + t#is representation of $*self !annot e e$plo*e"+ + +A refers to+ @e argues t#at t#e first !lause Ais not a out a representation of $*self B it is a out D$*selfDA -?9.+ &#is is pre!isel* #is $istake+ ,n t#e se!on" pre$ise' t#e ',' is t#e representation of t#e trans!en"ental unit* of apper!eption+ Bennett's failure is not seeing t#e "istin!tion et(een t#ese t(o+ &#e '$*self' (#i!# Bennett atte$pts so ar"entl* to single out !an e no ot#er t#an t#e pure apper!eption (#i!# lies eneat# t#e ', t#ink'+

Barreto ? :#at $ust e graspe" is t#at t#e original apper!eption ne!essitates t#e representation ', t#ink' e!ause it itself !annot e graspe"+ As it is t#e for$al !on"ition of an* e3perien!e (#atsoe2er' it is not to e foun" an*(#ere in e3perien!e as an*t#ing like an o )e!t+ ,t "e$ar!ates' rat#er' t#e li$it of e3perien!e+ @ere' again' (e re!all :ittgenstein5 %&#e t#inking' presenting su )e!t> t#ere is no su!# t#ing + + + &#e su )e!t "oes not elong to t#e (orl" ut it is a li$it of t#e (orl"/ -Tractatus 9+=31B2.+ ,t is t#is noBt#ing (#i!# t#e ',' in"e3es+ Kant else(#ere e3plains t#at t#e original apper!eption $erel* fun!tions as t#e for$ of !ons!iousness -A312.' t#at it %is onl* t#e for$al !on"ition' na$el*' t#e logi!al unit* of e2er* t#oug#t' in (#i!# , a stra!t fro$ all o )e!ts> ut ne2ert#eless it is represente" as an o )e!t (#i!# , t#ink' na$el*' , $*self an" its un!on"itione" unit*A -A341.+ &#e ',' a!!o$panies e2er* t#oug#t an" is a"u$ rate" t#erein' ut is itself an e$pt* representation+ ,t is t#e e2erpresent a!!o$pani$ent to all t#oug#ts' % ut t#ere is not in t#is representation t#e least tra!e of intuition' "istinguis#ing t#e ',' fro$ ot#er o )e!ts of intuition+ &#us 7(e "o not per!ei2e t#at8 it is an a i"ing an" !ontinuing intuition' (#erein t#e t#oug#ts' as eing transitor*' gi2e pla!e to one anot#er/ -A390.+ Co$ing a!k to t#e pro le$ of refle!tion' (e see t#at it is t#e ',' (#i!# is posite" * t#e original apper!eption in its tr*ing to refle3 an" see itself+ But of !ourse' "ue to t#e nature of t#e apper!eption as li$it an" for$al !on"ition' %(e "o not #a2e' an" !annot #a2e' an* kno(le"ge (#atsoe2er of 7t#e real su )e!t in (#i!# t#oug#t in#eres8/ -A390.+ &#us5 t#ere !an e onl* one a solute su )e!t of all )u"g$ents -#en!e t#e a solute.' an" if an a solute su )e!t turns out to e su stan!e' an* ot#er' eing a!tuall* t#e sa$e' $ust e also su stan!e+ @o(e2er' as (e #a2e seen' t#e 'a solute su )e!t' of t#e first pre$ise is not t#e one of

Barreto 1 t#e se!on"+ ,n t#e first' it is use" as a trans!en"ental ter$' "esignating t#e for$al !on"ition of an* representation (#atsoe2er' (#i!# is t#e trans!en"ental unit* of apper!eption+ ,n t#e se!on"' it is use" as an e$piri!al ter$' "esignating t#e representation (#i!# $ust a!!o$pan* an* ot#er representation+ :e alrea"* kno( t#at Kant agrees t#at 't#e soul is su stan!e'' ut insists on its #a2ing no $ore t#an a no$inal $eaning+ &#at is' t#e soul' insofar as it is t#e trans!en"ental unit* of apper!eption an" t#us t#e for$al !on"ition for an*t#ing (#ate2er' is su stan!e+ As a i"ing an" un!#anging' it ser2es as t#at in (#i!# t#oug#ts an" representations in#ere as "eter$inations' is itself una le to ser2e as t#e "eter$ination for an*t#ing' an" is furt#er$ore t#at (#i!# ena les t#e e$piri!al "eter$ination of ti$e in general+ :#at is $ore' (e are tol" t#at su stan!e is t#e absolute subject of all )u"g$ents' an" is as su!# t#e groun" for all pre"i!ation+ As su stan!e is a solute su )e!t' it !an itself not e use" as t#e pre"i!ate for an* ot#er t#ing+ But t#is is pre!isel* (#at is eing "one in t#e !on!lusion of t#e paralogis$+ ,f 't#e soul is su stan!e' is not usa le in a nor$al su )e!tBpre"i!ate for$' t#e onl* !on!lusion (e $a* rea!# is one of equi2o!ation+ &#at is' t#e trans!en"ental unit* of apper!eption is not#ing $ore t#an su stan!e' an" su stan!e is not#ing $ore t#an t#is unit*+ ,n"ee"' (e #a2e gaine" no kno(le"ge * pre"i!ating su stantialit* to t#e soul' as t#is pre"i!ate is not 2ali" in intuition' an" !an t#us #a2e no appli!a ilit* to o )e!ts of e3perien!e+ &#e onl* t#ing (e #a2e learne" is t#at t#e trans!en"ental unit* of apper!eption is selfsa$e (it# su stan!e' an" t#at t#e ',' ser2es as t#en e$pt* representation of t#e$ ot#+ &#ere is an essential separation of t#e self (#i!# arises fro$ t#e atte$pt of self "eter$ination+ &#is is' again' t#e pro le$ of refle!tion+ ,n #is !o$$entar* to t#e Critique' 6eleuEe e$p#asiEes t#is point5 %t#e ;go itself is in ti$e' an" t#us !onstantl* !#anging + + + t#e ,

Barreto 4 is an a!t (#i!# !onstantl* !arries out a s*nt#esis of ti$e 7an" t#us !onstitutes it8 + + + &#e , an" t#e ;go are t#us separate" * t#e line of ti$e (#i!# relates t#e$ to ea!# ot#er' ut un"er t#e !on"ition of a fun"a$ental "ifferen!e/ -2iii.+ @ere' t#e ',' is t#e trans!en"ental unit* of apper!eption' an" t#e ';go' is representation t#ereof+ ,t is t#e uniquel* te$poral !#ara!ter of t#e apper!eption gi2es rise to t#is separation' ut it is not so$et#ing of (#i!# Kant treats e3tensi2el*+ &#ere are' #o(e2er' !lues in #o( #e treats ti$e+ Su stan!e eing t#e su strate for t#e e$piri!al "eter$ination of ti$e in general $eans t#at su stan!e' as t#at (#i!# is un!#anging an" per"uring' is t#at (#i!# ena les sta le ti$elines FF our !o$$on !on!eption of ti$e as a #istor* of #appenings' (it# a future t#at is to e!o$e #istor*+ :#at t#is !on!eption of ti$e pre!isel* requires is an un!#anging so$et#ing in (#i!# t#ings are to in#ere' (#i!# is presu$a l* t#e role su stan!e pla*s+ ,n"ee"' Kant sa*s t#at to ti$e' %itself nonBtransitor* an" a i"ing' t#ere !orrespon"s in t#e 7fiel" of8 appearan!e (#at is nonB transitor* in its e3isten!e' t#at is' su stan!e/ -A103.+ &#us su stan!e is t#at in relation to (#i!# su!!ession an" si$ultaneit* $ust e "eter$ine" in ti$e+ &i$e is t#e for$ of inner sense' an" as a for$al intuition it appre#en"s not#ing ut pure alteration in su!!ession+ Alteration' #o(e2er' to e per!ei2e" as su!#' requires so$et#ing per$anent in intuition+ &#ere is ut one t#ing (#i!# $a* res!ue us fro$ t#e !#aoti! a *ss t#at a la!k of per$anen!e (oul" ring+ :#at t#is pre!isel* is is t#e (ork of t#e repro"u!ti2e s*nt#esis' ut is $ore generall* t#e 2er* unit* of t#e apper!eption (#i!# per!ei2es+ &#is unit* is t#e onl* per$anent in t#e (#ole of per!eption' an" it "oes not e2en s#o( up an*(#ere' eing $erel* t#e !on"ition for per!eption in general+ ,s t#is not' #o(e2er' pre!isel* (#at ti$e isG :e re$e$ er t#at %ti$e !annot * itself e per!ei2e"/ -B229.+ &#at' %!#ange "oes not affe!t ti$e itself' ut onl* appearan!es in ti$e/

Barreto 10 -A113.+ &i$e fun!tions as t#at uni2ersal !on"ition -as pure intuition. for an* representation (#atsoe2er' an" is t#e onl* t#ing (#i!# $a* not e re$o2e"' (it#out (#i!# (e !oul" not "o -A31.+ An* t#ing at all $ust e seen as in ti$e+ &#en' (#at is per!ei2e" is !#ange in ti$e' (#i!# ser2es as "eter$ination an" a"u$ ration of ti$e itself+ But' %ti$e + + + re$ains an" "oes not !#ange/ -A112.' it alone "oes not pass a(a*+ ,n itself' %apart fro$ t#e su )e!t' it is not#ing/ -A39.' an" !on2ersel*' it is in t#e su )e!t e2er*t#ing+ Confusingl*' Kant sa*s t#at ti$e as pure intuition is not#ing ut alteration' an" *et sa*s t#at ti$e itself is a i"ing+ &#at ti$e' in or"er to e!o$e a ti$eBseries' requires t#e su stratu$ of all t#at is real' (#i!# is su stan!e as un!#anging an" a i"ing+ &#ere $a* e onl* one !onstant (#i!# unifies alteration' an" t#is' , posit' is equall* ter$e" su stan!e' as it it t#e trans!en"ental unit* of apper!eption' as it is ti$e+ For Kant' ti$e is not onl* t#e for$ of intuition' it is itself intuition as presente" (it#in t#e unitar* $anifol" of t#e pure apper!eption+ ,ntuition is t#at point of a!!ess t#roug# (#i!# an* $o"e of kno(le"ge relates to its o )e!t+ &i$e is a for$ of intuition insofar as it su su$es e2er*t#ing (#i!# is intuite"' (#i!# is to sa* t#at it is t#e trans!en"ental an" uni2ersal !on"ition of possi ilit*+ &i$e is itself an intuition' si$pl*' insofar as it is a gi2en+ But t#is gi2en it itself un"er ti$e+ As intuition' ti$e is intuition of itself+ As for$ of intuition' it is its o(n !on"ition of possi ilit*+ &i$e eing t#e uni2ersal an" un!on"itione"' sa2e as it !on"itions itself> t#e trans!en"ental unit* of apper!eption eing t#e uni2ersal an" un!on"itione"' sa2e as it itself ser2es as its o(n !on"ition' insofar as it e3ists> t#ere !an e no ot#er possi ilit* ut t#e equation of t#ese t(o+

Barreto 11 :orks Cite"/Consulte" Bennet' Jonat#an+ Kant's Dialectic+ Hon"on5 Ca$ ri"ge Ini2ersit* Press' 14?0+ Print+ 6eleuEe' Jilles+ Kant's Critical Philosophy+ Hon"on5 &#e At#lone Press' 1410+ Print+ Kant' ,$$anuel+ Critique of Pure Reason+ Palgra2e Ka!$illan' 1424+ Print+ :ittgenstein' Hu"(ig+ Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus+ Pro)e!t Juten erg' 2010+ :e -ar!#i2e+org.+