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Content
Approach
Object Oriented Data Model
Logical Nodes
Data Hierarchy Communication Services
Conventional substation
IEC61850
Office
SMS & PCM TCP/IP LAN
Station Level
Station Bus or Interbay (LAN) IEC61850-8-1
Control Protection Protection & Control Protection Control
Bay Level
Process Bus (LAN) IEC61850-9-2
Process Level
ABB Group July 26, 2012 | Slide 6
Process Interface
Process Interface
Process Interface
Interoperability
The ability for IEDs from one or several manufacturer to exchange information and use the information for the their own functions.
Free configuration
The standard shall support different philosophies and allow a free allocation of functions e.g. it must work equally well for centralized (RTU like) or decentralized (SCS like) systems.
The standard shall be future proof, i.e. it must be able to follow the progress in communication technology as well as evolving system requirements.
Approach - Lifecycle
Long term stability through elimination of dependence on fast evolving automation technology
Fast
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
MMS
*)
TCP/IP
Ethernet
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The Data model is mapped unambiguously to an existing stack. Example: Communication Technology ISO/OSI seven layer stack
Slow changes
Data Model
Domain Substation : What data have to be communicated ?
Communication
(Virtual)
Virtualization
Mapping
Network TCP/IP
MMS
LN
LN
LN
XCBR1
Position
Mode
...
61850-7-4 logical node (circuit-breaker)
Data Hierarchy
Bay Unit
Implementation
Logical Device (LD) Grouping
Bay Controller
Position
Properties
Attribute Value
Control Value
ON/OFF
Status Value
INTERM./OFF/ON/BAD
XSWI
CSWI
These Objects are called Logical Nodes
XCBR
L System LN (2)
P Protection (28) R Protection related (10) C Control (5)
G Generic (3)
I Interfacing and archiving (4)
Communication relations between functions in a Substation Automation System Information is exchanged between all devices which comprise the system More precisely, data are exchanged between the functions and sub-functions residing in the devices
The smallest part of the function that exchanges data is called Logical Node (LN) in IEC 61850. The LN performs some operations for the overall function
More precisely, data are exchanged between the functions and sub-functions residing in the devices
The exchanged data are grouped to into objects belonging to functions The objects called Logical Node (LN) may be seen as Containers containing the data provided by a dedicated function for exchange (communication)
The Name of the Logical Node may be seen as a Label attached to this container Functions are not standardized !
ABB Group July 26, 2012 | Slide 15
PDIS
(Distance Protection)
TVTR
XCBR
(Circuit Breaker)
(Voltage Transformer)
TVTR
(Voltage Transformer)
Current Sensor
The support of free allocation Logical Nodes (functions and sub-functions) allows an optimization of systems today and tomorrow The free allocation is controlled by strict rules and the concept of IEC 61850
The free allocation does not disturb interoperability but may increase the requirements for tools
The free allocation is limited by the device capacities as described in data sheets same as today
ABB Group July 26, 2012 | Slide 18
Existing Logical Nodes, Data, and Attributes shall be used if applicable Mandatory data shall be provided if claiming conformance Before making any extension, the Optional data shall be used if applicable If the conditions apply, Conditional data get mandatory For Extensions of Logical Nodes, first data defined for other Logical Nodes shall be used In creating data extensions, combinations of well-defined Terms shall be used Name spaces shall be used for any extension referring to some document where the meaning and the use of these extensions is defined
There are 3 services available for sending data on the communication bus
Master Clock
Ethernet Switch
......
Protection
Control
Bay 1
ABB Group July 26, 2012 | Slide 20
Merging Unit
parameter and software download upload from monitoring information like travel curves or history of gas density values
Reply
Events
Sender: Coding
Application data
Receiver: Decoding
Application Layer
6 Presentation Layer
5 4 Session Layer
3
2 1
Physical Layer
Physical Layer
Application L.
Internet TCP/IP
Physical Layer
MMS Manufacturing Message Specification TCP Transport Control Protocol IP Internet Protocol
GOOSE*
Sampled Values
Mapping
MMS
Stack Interface
ISO/OSI Stack Hierarchical set of Rules how information is coded for transmission According to state-of-the art communication technology
Vertical communication
Control Station
Examples: Comands Events
Station Level
Vertical Serial Communication
HMI
Station Computer
Gateway
NCC
IEC 61850
Bay Level
Parallel cabels (vertical) Parallel cables horizontal ?
Control
Protection
Control
Protection
Process Interface
Process Interface
Process Interface
Process Level
(Equipments, processes)
Vertical communication
Control Station
Examples: Comands Events
Station Level
Vertical Serial Communication
HMI
Station Computer
Gateway
NCC
IEC 61850
Bay Level
Examples: Samples Trips Positions
Control
Protection
Control
Protection
Process Interface
Process Interface
Process Interface
Process Level
(Equipments, processes)
Horizontal communication
Control Station
Station Level
Vertical Serial Communication
HMI
Station Computer
Gateway
IEC 61850
Horizontal communication
Bay Level
Vertical Serial Communcation
Control
Protection
Control
Protection
Process Interface
Process Interface
Process Interface
Process Level
(Equipments, processes)
Client Server
A point point association is established and supervised and may be terminated: Associate / Release / Abort MMS: Dynamically built (server addresses, authentication) Maximum client number is IED implementation dependent The mechanism of TCP is very reliable Telegrams are acknowledged on a low level Normally, no data are lost since telegrams with errors may be resend again
Comfortable mechanism you know it from your office and from the Internet - but time consuming, i.e. not suited for time-critical communication
All these three services send data spontaneously, i.e. without being asked from a Master or Client For defining the data to be transmitted by these services, a Data Set is defined comprising all these data out of the overall data model (for Report, GOOSE or SV)
The triggering event (conditions) when the data transmission is performed has to be defined in a Control Block (for Report, GOOSE or SV)
The triggering event for Reporting and GOOSE messages may be a change of a value, a crossing of a boundary, etc.
The triggering event of sending synchronous sampled values (SV) is a clock event
The reception of a report is confirmed on lower layers, and in case of losses repeated. This takes some time.
The data stream of sampled values (SV) is not confirmed, but losses of some samples are handled without problems by the receiving functions, e.g. by a protection algorithm.
The unconfirmed GOOSE messages may transport important time critical information like a block or a trip. Therefore, a special mechanism has to guarantee a reliable transfer of these data (see next page).
GPS
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet Switch
Without any changes, the GOOSE-message is repeated with Tmax until the next event / change.
t max = 1024ms
t max = 1024ms
time
In case of a information-change, the GOOSE-message will be repeated within Tmin. The repetition frequency is lowered until Tmax is reached.
t max = 1024ms
t min = 2ms
ABB Group July 26, 2012 | Slide 34
t max = 1024ms
time
Time synchronization
The IED fetches the time from a time server The transmission delays are corrected by a special procedure
There might be different actual services for different synchronization accuracy classes Under discussion: IEEE 1588 as HW addition to Ethernet for 1 s accuracy (Classes T3 T5); needs support in switches
Photovoltaic plants
Communication between substations Communication between substations and network control centers
Complete process bus between primary and secondary equipment (analog samples and switch positions and commands)
Published parts tagged as Edition 1 First 14 parts of the standard SERIES IEC 61850 (published 20012004) IEC 61850-7-410 (Hydro Power)
There will not be an EDITION 2 of the standard SERIES IEC 61850 per se Various parts will be revised / extended and then published tagged as Edition 2.0
Optional
IEC 61850-90-1
(n-1) criteria
Optional
Contained in the logical nodes MMXU and MMXN Triggered by Power Quality discussions and other application domains like Wind power
More information
IEC 61850-7-3, IEC 61850-7-4
Increased Security
Optional
Especially complex multifunctional protection IEDs request more functional levels for the management of common parameters Higher level logical device controls the mode of the lower level logical devices by group reference
IEC 61850-7-2
Reduced complexity
New data objects and concepts for testing
Testing of function parts in the running system Allows a standardized application of the test and test-blocked mode
IEC 61850-7-2
Optional
SCL extensions
61850-6
Stating mandatory and optional features of IED tools and system tools Allows judging the degree of interoperability between different engineering tools, system tools as well as IED tools.
Clarity on Interoperability
ABB Group July 26, 2012 | Slide 42
IEC 61850 Edition 2 Introducing new edition into products and solutions
Main parts of IEC 61850 standard with Edition 2 ready by end 2010
Edition 2 complete (all 14 parts that are affected) is expected by end of 2011
Product certification
New test procedures, client and server certification Certification of Edition 2 devices earliest possible by mid 2012
Migration scenarios
Edition 1 and Edition 2 devices can work together considering there are no new features out of Edition 2 used
No need to upgrade server devices to Edition 2 e.g. protection and control IEDs
Main issue is to ensure tools and clients support both Edition 1 and Edition 2
Common Logical Node class Attribute Name LNName Data Attr. Type Explanation Shall be inherited from Logical-Node Class (see IEC 61850-7-2). T M/O
Data Sets (see IEC 61850-7-2) Inherited and specialised from Logical Node class (see IEC 61850-7-2). Control Blocks (see IEC 61850-7-2) Inherited and specialised from Logical Node class (see IEC 61850-7-2). Services (see IEC 61850-7-2) Inherited and specialised from Logical Node class (see IEC 61850-7-2).
XCBR class Attribute Name LNName Data Attr. Type Explanation Shall be inherited from Logical-Node Class (see IEC 61850-7-2) T M/O
Common Logical Node Information see Example for Logical Node (1)
Loc EEHealth EEName OpCnt SPS INS DPL INS DPC SPC SPC SPC BCR INS INS INS LN shall inherit all Mandatory Data from Common Logical Node Class Local operation (local means without substation automation communication, hardwired direct control) External equipment health External equipment name plate Operation counter Switch position Block opening Block closing Charger motor enabled Sum of Switched Amperes, resetable Circuit breaker operating capability Point On Wave switching capability Circuit breaker operating capability when fully charged M M O O M M M M O O M O O
Controls
Pos BlkOpn BlkCls ChaMotEna
Metered Values
SumSwARs
Status Information
CBOpCap POWCap MaxOpCap
DataName
DataAttribute
CF CF DC EX EX AX
The Data Attributes for Substitution have been taken out for editorial reasons