Materials : Metals and Non-Metal

1. What are the physical properties of metals? Answer: Hard, malleable, ductile, sonorous and good conductor of heat and electricity. 2. What happens when dilute sulphuric acid is poured on a copper plate? Answer: Copper will react with sulphuric acid and forms copper sulphate and also releases H2 Gas 3. Explain why copper cannot displace zinc from its salt solution. Answer: Zinc is more reactive than copper, less reactive metal cannot replace a more reactive metal. A metal can displace a less reactive metal from its salt in an aqueous solution. But zinc is more reactive than copper. Therefore, copper cannot displace zinc from its salt solution. Cu(s) + ZnSO4 (aq) No reaction 4. Why sodium and potassium are stored in kerosene? Answer: Sodium and potassium metals are very reactive, they react vigorously with oxygen and water, a lot off heat is generated in the reaction. They can easily catch fire even when in contact with air. This is the reason for storing Sodium and Potassium in kerosene. 5. Define displacement reaction with an example. Answer: Replacement of one metal with another metal is called Displacement Reaction. A more reactive metal can replace a less reactive metal but a less reactive one cannot replace a more reactive metal. Example Copper Sulphate reacts with zinc will give zinc sulphate and copper CuSO4 + Zn ---> ZnSO4 + Cu

6. Discuss about the chemical properties of metals. Answer: Reaction with oxygen : Metals react with oxygen to give metallic oxides. 4Fe + 3O2 + 4H20 2Fe2O3.2H2O

2Mg + O2 2MgO Reaction with water- Iron reacts with water very slowly. Sodium and potassium metals are very reactive, they react vigorously with water, a lot off heat is generated in the reaction. Some metals will not react with water. Reaction with acids and bases-metals reacts with acids and bases to release hydrogen.

7. Write a note on the uses of metals and non metals. Answer: Metals used in machinery automobiles, aeroplanes, trains, satellites, industrial gadgets, cooking utensils and water boilers. Nonmetals are used in fertilizers, water purification, antiseptic and crackers. 8. Differentiate between Physical properties of Metals and Non Metals Answer: Properties 1. Appearance 2. Hardness 3. Malleability 4. Ductility 5. Heat conduction 6. Conduction of electricity Metals Lustrous Hard Can be beaten into thin sheets Can be drawn into wires Cannot be drawn into wires Good conductors of heat Poor conductors of heat Good conductors of electricity Poor conductors of electricity Non-metals Dull Soft Cannot be beaten into thin sheets

9. Give the reason behind using of Aluminium foils to wrap food items. Answer: Aluminium foils are used to wrap food items because aluminium metal is malleable. Therefore, it can be beaten into thin foils 10.Why immersion rods for heating liquids are made up of metallic substances? Answer: Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Therefore, immersion rods for heating liquids are made of metallic substances.

10. Can you store lemon pickle in an aluminium utensil? Explain. Answer:Lemon pickle cannot be stored in aluminium utensils because lemon pickle contains acids, which can react with aluminium (metal) liberating hydrogen gas. This can lead to the spoiling of the pickle. 11. What happens when dilute sulphuric acid is poured on a copper plate? Answer: When dilute sulphuric acid is poured on a copper plate, the copper metal reacts with sulphuric acid to liberate hydrogen gas.

12. What happens when Iron nails are placed in copper sulphate solution? Answer: Iron being more reactive displaces copper from copper sulphate solution. In this reaction, the blue colour of copper sulphate fades and there is deposition of copper on the iron nail.

12.Saloni took a piece of burning charcoal and collected the gas evolved in a test tube. (a) How will she find the nature of the gas? (b) Write down word equations of all the reactions taking place in this process. (a) Add a few drops of water in the test tube containing gas. Now, cover the test tube and shake it well. After shaking, test the solution with blue litmus and red litmus. It will turn blue litmus red. Thus, the gas is acidic in nature. (b) Charcoal reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide gas.

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which turns blue litmus paper red.

13.One day Reeta went to a jewellers shop with her mother. Her mother gave an old gold jewellery to the goldsmith to polish. Next day when they brought the jewellery back, they found that there was a slight loss in its weight. Can you suggest a reason for the loss in weight? Answer:To polish a gold ornament, it is dipped in a liquid called aqua regia (a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid). On getting the environment of aqua regia, the outer layer of gold dissolves and the inner shiny layer appears. The dissolving of the layer causes a reduction in the weight of the jewellery.

MCQS

1. Metals react with acids to produce (a)N2 Answer: c 2. Which of the following can be beaten into thin sheets? (a)Phosphorous Answer: b 3. Metals are (a)Ductile Answer: d 4. Metallic oxides are _________ in nature. (a)Acidic Answer: b (b) Basic (c) Amphoteric (d) All (b) Malleable (c) Amphoteric (d) Both a & b (b) Zinc (c) Sulphur (d) Oxygen (b) CO2 (c) H2 (d)Cl2

5. Which of the following metal is used in Thermometers? (a)Gold Answer: b 6. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) All metals are ductile. (b) All non-metals are ductile. (c) Generally, metals are ductile. (d) Some non-metals are ductile. Answer: c (b) Mercury (c) Aluminum (d) Copper

7. Phosphorus is a very _________ non-metal.

(a)Reactive Answer: a (b) Non reactive (c) Amphoteric (d) All

8. Iron is ________ reactive than copper.

(a)Less Answer: c (b) Non reactive (c) More (d) Equally

9. Metals are good conductors of

(a)Electricity Answer: d 10. Copper cannot displace _________from zinc sulphate solution. (a)Zinc Answer: a 11. Sodium is a ____________ metal (b) Iron (c) Carbon (d) Copper (b) Heat (c) Light (d) Both a & b

(a)Nonreactive Answer: b

(b) Very reactive

(c) Gaseous (d) Liquid

12. Which cannot be drawn into wires? (a)Coal (b) Zinc (c) Iron (d) Magnesium

Answer: a

Coal and Petroleum

1. Describe characteristics and uses of coke. Answer: Coke is a tough, porous, and black substance. It is a pure form of carbon. It is used in manufacture of steel and in extraction of many metals. 2. Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called? Answer: The process of formation of coal is called Carbonization, Due to natural processes like flooding forest got buried under the soil. As more soil deposited over them they were compressed the temperature also rose as they sank deeper and deeper under high pressure and high temperature dead plants got slowly converted to coal. 3. Explain the process of formation of petroleum. Answer: Petroleum is formed from organisms living in the sea. As these organism died there bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and got covered with layers of sand and clay. Lack of air, high temperature, and high pressure transformed these dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas. 4. What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels? Answer: The advantages of using compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuels are: (i) They can be burnt directly. (ii) They can be transported easily through pipe lines. (iii) They are clean fuels and do not give smoke when burnt.

(iv) They give a lot of heat energy when burnt. 5. Explain why fossils fuels are exhaustible natural resources. Answer: Fossil fuels require millions of years to form from the dead vegetation and animals that get buried deep inside the Earth. They require high temperature and pressure for their formation, which cannot be provided in the laboratory. Thus, fossils are limited. Therefore, the use of fossil fuels at this rate will lead to their exhaustion 6. Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads. Answer: Bitumen, a petroleum product, is used for surfacing roads. 7. Explain the process of formation of petroleum. Answer: Petroleum was formed from dead organisms that got buried in the sea millions of years ago. These dead bodies got covered with layers of sand and clay. Lack of air, high temperature, and high pressure transformed these dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas.

MCQS 1. Fossils fuels are (a)Coal Answer: d 2. Least polluting fuel for vehicles is (a)Tar Answer: c 3. Most purest form of carbon is (a)Coke Answer: a 4. Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called (a)Refraction (b) Refining (c) Catenation (d) Solidification Answer: b (b) Tar (c) Petrol (d) Kerosene (b) Kerosene (c) CNG (d) Crude Oil (b) Petrol (c) Natural Gas (d) All the above

5. CNG is__________ polluting fuel than petrol. (a)Less (b) Equally (c) More (d) None Answer: a 6. Coal tar is a (a) Metalloid (b) Mixture of various substances (c) Metal (d) Gas Answer: b 7. Kerosene is a (a)Lipid (b) Non fossil fuel (c) Fossil fuel Answer: c 8. Fossil fuels are _________ natural resources (a) Inexhaustible b) Exhaustible (c) Nondegradable Answer: b 9. CNG stands for (a) Combined neon gas (b) Compost neural gas (c) Colloidal neon gas (d) Compressed natural gas Answer: d 10. LPG means (a) Liquefied petroleum gas (b) Liquid pressure gas (c) Liquid polar gas (d) Both b & c Answer: a (d) Metallic (d) Mineral