Fundamental Duties Introduction

Part IV A, Ar-51A, 42ND AA,1976, most valuable part of the Constitution In consonance with Ar-29(1) of UDHR, Indian thoughts through the ages laid greater emphasis on duties, explicitly incorporated in the Constitution (1976) Ar-33 to ensure the proper discharge of duties and the maintenance of discipline among armed forces etc Rights and duties are not only reconcilable but inseparable; for every right there is a corresponding duty; Duty is an inalienable part of right, the two represent the two sides of the same coin Example- If all have a right to life, a duty is also cast upon all men to respect human life and not to injure another person. Gandhiji talked about economic and social responsibilities of all citizens Infact each of FR embodied in Part III of the Constitution implied a corresponding duty and obligation

The Eleven Duties

To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem (vast country, for unity, physical foundation of citizenship, to maintain dignity) To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom (thousands sacrificed their lives for our freedom, duty to remember the sacrifices) To uphold and protect the sovereignty ,unity and integrity of India (sovereignty lies with the people) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so (Ar-23(2) compulsory service for public purposes ) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women (Preamble- fraternity, Gods reside where women are worshipped) To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture (noblest, richest, oldest) To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and the wild life; and to have compassion for living creatures (Pollution, Ar-48A) To develop the scientific temper, humanism, spirit of inquiry and reform (JN Nehru) To safeguard public property and to abjure violence

To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement Every parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of 6 and 14 years (86th AA, 2002)

Suggestions by NCRWC
Sensitise the people Right to freedom of religion and other freedoms; rights of minorities and fellow citizen should be respected Reform in education Duty to vote Justice Verma Committee report to be implemented at earliest