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-]
s
]
s
, which causes a phase
rotation in every subcarrier of
(p, n) = 2ne
M+ L
cp
M
pn, (5)
and would greatly impair coherent (PSK or QAM) detection.
D. Modeling of PRIME using 4-QAM and DQPSK
modulation in AWGN Channel
Fig. 12: PRIMEs 4-QAM receiver spectrum for transmissions using
AWGN channel
0 50 100 150 200
-62
-60
-58
-56
-54
-52
-50
-48
Frequency (kHz)
P
o
w
e
r
/
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
d
B
/
H
z
)
Welch Power Spectral Density Estimate
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-63
-62
-61
-60
-59
-58
-57
-56
-55
-54
-53
Frequency (kHz)
P
o
w
e
r
/
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
d
B
/
H
z
)
Welch Power Spectral Density Estimate
2
3
4
5
6
x 10
-3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
x 10
4
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
Time (Seconds)
Chirp Spectrum over time
Hz
data1
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2012 Vol II
WCECS 2012, October 24-26, 2012, San Francisco, USA
ISBN: 978-988-19252-4-4
ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)
WCECS 2012
Fig. 13: PRIMEs DQPSK receiver spectrum for transmissions using
AWGN channel.
From figures 12 and 13, it is evident that the performance
of both 4- QAM and DQPSK are similar for AWGN
channel, but 4-QAM performs slightly better. Also it is
evident that their performance in AWGN channel is close to
their performance in a perfect channel (Channel without
impairments).
E. Modeling of PRIME using 4-QAM and DQPSK
modulation in AWGN + Dispersive Channel
Fig. 14: PRIMEs 4-QAM receiver spectrum for transmissions using
AWGN + Dispersive Channel
Fig. 15: PRIMEs DQPSK receiver spectrum for transmissions using AWGN +
Dispersive Channel
The performance of both 4- QAM and DQPSK are similar
for AWGN+Dispersive channel, but 4-QAM performs
slightly better (Fig. 14 and 15).
F. BER Plots
Fig. 16: BER plot for DQPSK in AWGN
Fig. 17: BER Plot for 4-QAM
VII. CONCLUSION
Since the development and research on the subject of Power
line communications is relatively new, the primary reason
for this paper was to serve as a reference for PLC
technologies, products and standards. The power line
technology is getting stabilized and attracting many
industry leading vendors. The power line enables the
electric utilities to provide other services to the customer
like broadband internet access along with traditional
electric power. Also the physical layer of PRIME PLC
which is based on CP-OFDM is explored. We illustrated
the performance of PRIME when it is modulated using a
coherent (4-QAM) or non-coherent (DQPSK) modulation
scheme under three-channel condition without Forward
error corrections.
REFRENCES
[1] J.B. Anderson, "Digital Transmission Engineering", IEEE Press,
1998.
[2] J.G. Proakis, "Digital Communications", McGraw-Hill, 1995.
[3] Martin Hoch, Comparison of PLC G3 and PRIME, IEEE
International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its
Applications, 2011.
[4] S. Galli, A. Scaglione, and Z. Wang, For the grid and through the
grid: The role of power line communications in the smart grid, Proc.
IEEE, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 998-1027, 2011.
[5] D. Clark, Powerline communications: finally ready for prime time?
IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 10 11, Jan. 1998.
[6] Alan C. Brooks and Stephen J. Hoelzer Design and Simulation of
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Signaling
May 15, 2001.
[7] M. Nassar et al, Local Utility Powerline Communication in the 3-
500kHz band: Channel Impairments, Noise and Standards, IEEE
signal processing magazine, January 2012.
[8] Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards
Roadmap, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Tech. Rep.,
June, 2009.
[9] J. Domingo, S. Alexandres, C. Rodriguez-Morcillo, PRIME
Performance in Power Line Communication Channel, in IEEE Intl.
Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications
(ISPLC), 2011. available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LonWorks
[10] DLC-VIT4IP_Distribution Line Carrier von der Niederspannung bis
zu Umspannwerk.pdf available at: http://qr.net/eeplc
Fig. 18: Block Diagram of PRIME (according to [9]).
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2012 Vol II
WCECS 2012, October 24-26, 2012, San Francisco, USA
ISBN: 978-988-19252-4-4
ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)
WCECS 2012