FOUNDATION OF CHEMISTRY II (EP103)

LABORATORY REPORT

EXPERIMENT NO: 6 EXPERIMENT TITLE: INVESTIGATION OF OXYGEN SOLUBILITY IN WATER STUDENT NAME: ESHBINDER KAUR GILL STUDENT ID.: 1000923655
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENT

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Introduction Material and procedure Results and Discussion Conclusion Limitation of Experiment Reference

Experiment 5

Title: Investigation of oxygen solubility in water

Objective:
1) Evaluating the solubility of oxygen in 4 different sources of water samples 2) To find out the effects of temperature on solubility 3) To illustrate that oxygen dissolves to varying degrees under different conditions.

Material and apparatus: Tap water, distilled water, rain water and drain water

Introduction:

In the aquatic environment, oxygen must be in solution in a free state (O2) before it is available for use by organisms. Its concentration and distribution in the aquatic environment are directly dependent on chemical and physical factors and are greatly affected by biological processes. In the atmosphere, there is an abundance of oxygen, with about 200 milliliters of oxygen for every liter of air. Conversely, in the aquatic environment there are only about 5 to 10 milliliters of dissolved oxygen in a liter of water. The concentration of the oxygen in aquatic environments is a very important component of water quality. At 20oC, oxygen diffuses 300,000 times faster in air than in water, making the distribution of oxygen in air relatively uniform. Spatial distribution of oxygen in water, on the other hand, can be highly variable, especially in the absence of mixing by currents, winds, or tides.

Other chemical and physical factors - such as salinity, pH, and especially temperature - can affect the DO concentration and distribution. Salinity, usually expressed in parts per thousand (ppt), is the content of dissolved salts in water. Generally, as temperature and salinity increase, the solubility of oxygen in water decreases.

Procedure: 1) The solubility of oxygen in the water was evaluated by using four different samples: tap water, distilled water, drain water and rain water. 2) A sample of tap water was taken and the DO was measured. Then, the sample was heated about 10 degrees above room temperature and the sample was mixed well and DO was measured. 3) Heating was continued at intervals of about 10-15 degrees, each time DO was measured. The temperature cannot exceed 50 degrees. 4) The hot water was allowed to cool down to room temperatures with continuous shaking and mixing. Once the temperature reached 25 degrees, the DO was measured.

Results:

Temperature (C) Tap water

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) Rain water Distilled water Drain /waste water

25 35 45 25

6.40 5.75 5.50 5.77

6.82 5.80 5.43 5.90

7.10 6.99 6.40 7.00

6.20 5.70 4.90 5.80

Graph 1: Dissolved oxygen in tab water vs temperature

7.3 7.2 7.1 7 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.3 0 10 20 30 40 50 y = -0.035x + 8.055

Graph 2: Dissolved rain water vs temperature

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 y = -0.0695x + 8.4492

Graph 3: Dissolved oxygen in distilled water vs temperature

7.3 7.2 7.1 7 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.3 0 10 20 30 40 50 y = -0.035x + 8.055

Graph 4: Dissolved oxygen in drain water vs temperature

12 10 y = 0.185x + 0.7917 8 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Discussion:

In an aquatic environment, the concentration and distribution of water in the aquatic environment is dependent on chemical and physical factors and is greatly affected by biological processes. From here, we know that the concentration of the oxygen in aquatic environments is a very important component of water quality. Other chemical and physical factors such as salinity, pH, and especially temperature can affect the DO concentration and distribution. As temperature and salinity increase, the solubility of oxygen in water decreases. When the temperature increases, the solubility of oxygen in water also decreases. When air bubble blown into water, the solubility of oxygen increases as air bubble carries oxygen .From the experiment, it is found that waste water has the minimum value as (DO) as it will be consumed in oxidation of organic.

Limitation and expectations: 1) Always rinse the equipment we are going to use with the solution of chromate to avoid any residue reacting with the solution. 2) Error might occur when the reading was taken down due to bubbles in the water. 3) The samples taken shouldnt be mixed up with any other solution.

Conclusion: As conclusion distilled water has the highest dissolved amount of oxygen, followed by drain water, rain water and lastly by tap water. This shows that different type of water has different solubility of oxygen in water.

References: 1) http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/oxygen-solubility-water-d_841.html 2) http://gltrs.grc.nasa.gov/reports/2002/TM-2002-211507.pdf 3) Krypton, chemistry Fordham University Press, 2008