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Jardin, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton, New Jersey and D.B. Montgomery Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Fusion Center Cambridge, Massachusetts 02319 08544 DE88 009343
ABSTRACT
Force-free parallel to
magnetic-field
configurations,
where
the
current
flows the
to raise
high-temperature
WtM
DISTRIBUTION OF JfSS ES3H3EKT R UHUKITH
In a force-free magnetic-field configuration, along the magnetic A simple field (J = J ..), so that
vanishes. Fig. 1.
illustration
is provided
by the force-free
z
cable of on the
component
interior of the cable, thus permitting 1 to flow parallel to B, instead of perpendicular to 5, as would field be the case in a conventional for force-free and cable. The
exterior magnetic
( B Q ) is the same
z >
conventional
cables carrying the same total current I Force-free important cables and coils*
have
two
advantages
that
should
be
in superconductor applications
fields and
current densities:
the conductor greatly relaxes the conditions on the mechanical strength of the material; (2) the vanishing of the Lorentz is favorable force on the current-carrying of higher
electrons within
the conductor
to the achievement
critical current densities J _ _ . , . than are likely to be reached with currents i crit ' flowing perpendicular to the magnetic field (J - _ : . . ) In the case of conventional hard
c r
superconductors, and J
c r
58 *i
where comparative
n a s J
it'
ncrit
temperature
in critical
been reported for different orientations of 6 relative to the crystal planes of the sample '
7
by inducing
closed
c r
current loops within the sample and, therefore, they refer ocly to J (The measured J
c r
it'
jr
o r
plane has been found to be higher than the J passes in and out of the favorable plane.) method is not applicable: one must
To measure J.
;
t
pass an externally
generated
through the sample, in the direction along 5, and measure the voltage drop within the sample. The advantages of force-free configurations are partly off-set by their greater geometric complexity, and especially by the need for a helical winding pattern, as illustrated in Fig. 1. force-free B J. _ :
c t
design
we
i /J,
t
c r
and
assume field
* const,
t
found
Ref. 5 ) , up
to
some
critical
- , where J . .
t
drops to zero.
(1)
Among that
the many possible solutions of Eq. (1), we select corresponds to a solid cylindrical force-free
winding
const.
cable of the same radius a, uniform current density J , and the -ante total longitudinal current I (a)>
z
we
find
that
for
the
force-free
cable,
the
case
is
therefore
maximum factor by which I (a) could be increased in a conventional-type cable by optimizing J(r) according to B J = const, is limited to 1.33.} Z Z An approximately force-free coil of large El/a (ratio of major to minor radius) can be realized by bending the cable of Figs. 1 and 2 into a closed loop. Coils of this type are potentially useful for inductive energy storage
or, conceivably, to form part of the guide field for a high-energy particle accelerator.
field type
strength shown in
in a small Fig. 3 is
volume,
The coil has nested toroidal winding surfaces that coincide with It generates a poloidal field on its exterior, like a also pitch generates af a toroidal-field is varied component from on its to
helical
Che windings
surface
To be truly force-free,
the coil must be supported by an external magnetic field from a conventional force-bearing coil but the maximum pressure B /8ir appearing at the
A force-free toroid
of Low ft/a
factors R " ' < = 2.5-3.0, where field che strength ratio to for field the
magnetic to
strength
the
supporting
coil,
normalized
same
Reference 4 finds that there is a trade-off between R* of the useful force-free coil bore that can be
diameter
achieved with a supporting coil of given si2e. For the coil design of Fig. 3, the mathematical approach was to solve 7 x 5 = u 3 , J = A.B, \ = I | I
0
, where \ | > is the normalized poloidal magnetic The figure uses radial and axial at x ~ 1. of
z
and
the
variation to
along
the coil
0 ) , where
refers
the field
supporting
Figure 3b gives the contours of constant toroidal current density J normalized relative to the total toroidal current
the magnitude of J
s
I = Sr B ( o ) (in units of HA, m, T) on the midplarte. contours and normalized magnitude of xB_.
idealized as Che single-layer solenoid at x = 1 in Fig. 3a.) Experiments with low-pressure plasmas have demonstrated the formation and stability of virtually force-free configurations ' and 3. much like those of Figs. 1
By analogy, a tendency of 3 to flow along 5 within superconducting favor the spontaneous thus simplifying emergence of a force-free pattern of
No. DE-ACO2-76CHO3073.
REFERENCES
1
U.P. Furth, M.A. Levine, and R.W. Waniek, Rev. Sci. Inst rum. 28_, 949 (1957).
H.P. Furth and M.A. Levine, J. Appl. Phys. 33, 747 (1962).
H.P. Furth and S.C. Jardin, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Report PPPL-2465 (1987).
D.8. Montgomery
G.D. Cody and G.W. Cullen, RCA Rev. 2J5, 466 (1964).
S.T. Sekula, R.W. Boom, and C.J. Bergeron, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2, (1963).
102
63 (1963).
FIGURE CAPTIONS
Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Insertion of a force-free coil into the force-bearing solenoid at x = I serves to triple Che field strength B at x = 0, z = 0.
s
#
8?A0053
Fig. 1
1.0
Bfi BiCO) \
0.5-
B, - A
B,CO) \ -
1 r/
o.s
\ 1.0
Fig. 2
10
0J
(0
<0 .
o 1
OJ .
lO
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