Test Bank Chapter Four True/False The Strategic Importance of Learning and Perception, pages 131-133 1.

At VF Asia, learning goals are tied into individual performance evaluations and to the strategic goals of the organization. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 1"# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge #.At VF Asia, associate learning, development, and )nowledge sharing are some of the crucial drivers of the VF $orporation*s new strategy. Answer: True Difficulty: +ard !age: 1"1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge ".$ontinuous learning ,ased on trying new things plays a critical role in an organization*s capa,ility to gain and sustain a competitive advantage. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 1"" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge Fundamental Learning Principles, pages 133-141 ../earning refers to relatively temporary changes in human capa,ilities that occur as a result of e0perience rather than a natural growth process. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 1"" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 1. /earning is defined as a process through which individuals maintain their ,ehavior ,ased on positive or negative e0periences in a situation. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 1"" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 2. 'ntellectual s)ills can ,e considered a learning outcome.

Answer: True AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

Difficulty:

edium

!age: 1""

3.An e0ample of learning is when past e0perience with a particular situation affects future ,ehavior when the situation occurs again. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 1". AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 4./earning is driven ,y e0perience with a particular situation. Answer: True Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

!age: 1".

5.Very few ,ehaviors e0hi,ited ,y associates and managers are intentional. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 1". AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 16. 7perant conditioning theory and social learning theory can ,oth ,e used to e0plain learning. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 1". AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 11. &ehaviorists adopted the position that all ,ehavior is the result of simple conditioning. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 1". AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 1#. &.F. %)inner was a ,ehaviorist who ,elieved that people don*t need to thin) to learn. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 1". AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 1". The %ocial /earning Theory was developed ,y Al,ert &andura. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 1".

AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1.. The %ocial /earning Theory accepts the idea that higher mental processes are e0tremely irrelevant in human learning. Answer: False Difficulty: +ard !age: 1". AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: comprehension 11. The %ocial /earning Theory states that humans do not need to directly e0perience a particular situation to develop some understanding of the ,ehaviors that are rewarded in that situation. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 1". AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 12. The following is an e0ample of positive reinforcement: if wor)ing harder and smarter removes the frown from a manager*s face, then an associate may attempt to wor) harder and smarter. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 1"1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 13. !unishment results when the introduction of a negative conse8uence results in the individual ,eing less li)ely to repeat the ,ehavior. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 1"1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 14. !unishment is a form of negative reinforcement. Answer: False Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension edium !age: 1"1

15. 9aiting for a considera,le amount of time ,efore punishing an individual*s undesira,le ,ehavior is optimal when trying to e0tinguish that ,ehavior. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 1"1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

#6. Delivering a punishment in an o,:ective fashion is optimal when trying to e0tinguish an individual*s undesira,le ,ehavior. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 1"2 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension #1. 7ptimally, managers should listen to the offending party*s e0planation ,efore ta)ing any disciplinary action. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 1"2 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension ##. The crash of a (orean Air 3.3 can ,e partly attri,uted to heavy;handed punishment delivered ,y captains for unwanted su,ordinate input. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 1"2 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics, <roup Dynamics &looms: Analysis #". 't is difficult to use e0tinction unless a manager has full control over all reinforcing conse8uences. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 1"2 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge #.. A reinforcement schedule in which a reward does not occur after each instance of a ,ehavior or set of ,ehaviors is termed a spontaneous reinforcement schedule. Answer: False Difficulty: -asy !age: 1"4 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension #1. A continuous reinforcement schedule occurs when a reward is given after each instance of a ,ehavior or set of ,ehaviors. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 1"4 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge #2. -0tinction is a reinforcement schedule in which a ,ehavior is followed ,y the presence of a previously encountered positive conse8uence. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 1"2

AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge #3. The %ocial /earning Theory re:ects the idea that learning can also occur ,y anticipating conse8uences of others* ,ehavior or ,y modeling others. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 1"5 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension #4. The %ocial /earning Theory proposes that people also learn ,y o,serving others. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.6 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension #5. &as)et,all players are reinforced through a varia,le ratio schedule each time they ma)e a ,as)et. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 1"5 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension "6. A varia,le ratio reinforcement schedule occurs when a reinforcement is introduced after the desired ,ehavior has occurred a fi0ed num,er of times. Answer: False Difficulty: -asy !age: 1"5 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge "1. Although the fi0ed;ratio schedule can produce a reasona,ly high rate of desired ,ehavior, it can also result in a short period immediately following reinforcement when the desired ,ehavior does not occur. Answer: True Difficulty: +ard !age: 1"5 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge "#. 7verlearning means that performing the new ,ehavior ta)es a lot of conscious thought so that the performance ,ecomes automatic. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 1.1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

"". The concept of self;efficacy is part of the 7perant $onditioning Theory. Answer: False = Difficulty: edium !age: 1.6 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge ".. %elf;-fficacy is an individual*s ,elief that he or she will ,e a,le to perform a specific tas) in a given situation. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.6 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge "1. -mployee motivation to learn is not increased when employees understand why what they are learning is important. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 1.1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension "2. Associates need to use the e0periences of others as the ,asis for learning. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 1.1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension "3. >esearch has revealed that feed,ac) to employees can facilitate their learning process. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension Training and Enhancing the Performance of Associates, pages 141-14 "4. 7& od stands for 7rganizational &ehavior oderation Answer: False Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge "5. The ,asic goal of 7& od is to improve tas) performance. Answer: True Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge !age: 1.#

!age: 1.#

.6. 7& od is also referred to as performance management. Answer: True Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

!age: 1.#

.1. !'<% stands for productive, immediate, goal;oriented, and situational feed,ac). Answer: False Difficulty: +ard !age: 1.. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge .#. 7& od research reveals that performance improvements tend to ,e greater in manufacturing organizations than in service organizations. Answer: True Difficulty: +ard !age: 1.. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge .". For :o,s that are simple and routine 7& od tends to ,e less effective. Answer: False Difficulty: +ard !age: 1.. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: Analysis ... 7& od research reveals that performance feed,ac) coupled with social reinforcements can ,e as effective as feed,ac) coupled with monetary reinforcers. Answer: True Difficulty: +ard !age: 1.. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge .1. A simulation may ,e a useful tool for understanding the effects of a potential action. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge .2. Although simulations are important they typically represent comple0 models of reality. Answer: False Difficulty: +ard !age: 1.1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

.3. A failure that does not result in learning is a mista)e. Answer: True Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge .4. A failure that results in learning is an unintelligent mista)e. Answer: False Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

!age: 1.2

!age: 1.2

.5. /earning from failure and 7& od are ways that organizations can train their associates. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 1.4 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 16. ?9e are ladies and gentlemen serving ladies and gentlemen,@ is the credo of the Four %easons +otel. Answer: False Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.3 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 11. !erception is comprised of eight ,asic stages. Answer: False Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge edium !age: 1.5

1#. The first stage of perception is sensing various characteristics of a person, tas) or event. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 1.5 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1". 'mpaired hearing can affect perception. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge !age: 1.5

1.. The +alo -ffect is considered a pro,lem in the person perception process.

Answer: True AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

Difficulty: -asy

!age: 11#

11. >esearch has revealed that an individual*s perceptions of another person cannot ,e influenced ,y his own internal states or emotions. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 116 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 12. The perceptual process is influenced ,y factors associated with ,oth the perceiver and the general situation. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 116 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 13. !eople hold implicit person theories which are others* theories a,out what personality traits and a,ilities occur together and how these attri,utes are manifested in ,ehavior. Answer: False Difficulty: +ard !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 14. Those people who ,elieve that people cannot change are called entity theorists. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 15. The +alo -ffect occurs when a person ma)es a specific assessment of another person and then uses this specific impression to interpret everything the person does. Answer: False Difficulty: +ard !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 26. Assuming that most other people have the same values and ,eliefs as we do is )nown as pro:ecting. Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

21. A perception pro,lem in which an individual ,ases perceptions a,out mem,ers of a particular group on a generalized set of ,eliefs is )nown as false ,elief. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 2#. 't is well documented that people associate those who are physically attractive with negative 8ualities and those who are unattractive with positive 8ualities. Answer: False Difficulty: -asy !age: 11" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 2". The process of deciding what caused a ,ehavior is )nown as discernment. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 11. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 2.. 'nterpreting another person*s ,ehavior as ,eing caused ,y internal or e0ternal factors depends upon our perceptions of the consistency, consensus and diligence associated with the ,ehavior. Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 11.;111 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 21. 9hen an individual attri,utes the ,ehavior of others to internal rather than e0ternal causes, he or she is ma)ing what is called the ?fundamental attri,ution error.@ Answer: True Difficulty: -asy !age: 112 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 22. 9hen an individual attri,utes their own successes to e0ternal factors and their failures to internal factors, he or she is using a ?self;serving ,ias.@ Answer: False Difficulty: edium !age: 112 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 23. An e0ample of a self;serving ,ias was the <reat &ear 9ilderness rescue team ,laming the crash survivors for the team*s failure to realize there had ,een survivors. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 113 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity

AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 24. Factors such as age, intelligence and gender have ,een found to influence perceptions of tas)s. Answer: True Difficulty: edium !age: 113 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 25. Tas) perception does not seem to ,e related to :o, satisfaction. Answer: False Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension Short Answer The Strategic Importance of Learning and Perception, pages 131-133 36. /earning is fully AAAAAAAAAA into the culture at VF Asia /td. Answer: integrated Difficulty: edium !age: 1"# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 31. The redevelopment of VF Asia /td.*s learning and development strategy illustrates the importance of learning to the overall AAAAAAAA goals of the organization. Answer: strategic Difficulty: edium !age: 1"# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 3#. To ,e competitive in the twenty;first century an organization must have associates and managers who can effectively AAAAAAAA and AAAAAAAAA. Answer: /earn and grow Difficulty: +ard !age: 1"" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge Fundamental Learning Principles, pages 133-141 3". /earning is defined as a process through which individuals AAAAAAAA their ,ehavior ,ased on positive or negative e0periences in a situation. !age: 113

Answer: change AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

Difficulty: -asy

!age: 1""

3.. /earning refers to relatively AAAAAAAAAAAchanges in human capa,ilities as a result of e0perience. Answer: permanent Difficulty: edium !age: 1"" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 31. %pecific outcomes associated with learning include ver,al information, intellectual or motor s)ills, attitudes, cognitive strategies, and AAAAAAAAA. Answer: new ,ehaviors Difficulty: edium !age: 1"" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 32. AAAAAAAAATheory was developed ,y Al,ert &andura. Answer: The %ocial /earning Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge !age: 1".

33. AAAAAAAAAAAA was a ,ehaviorist researcher who applied the concepts of operant conditioning theory to human ,ehavior. Answer: &.F. %)inner Difficulty: edium !age: 1". AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 34. 9hen ,ehavior results in the introduction of a negative conse8uence, individuals are less li)ely to repeat the ,ehavior. This is called AAAAAAAAA. Answer: !unishment Difficulty: edium !age: 1"1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 35. -ffective use of punishment in an organization includes AAAAAAAAA to the offending party*s e0planation ,efore ta)ing action. Answer: listening Difficulty: edium !age: 1"2 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

46. The te0t,oo) attri,uted the crash of a (orean Air 3.3 in part to AAAAAAAAAAA. Answer: heavy;handed punishment delivered ,y captains for unwanted su,ordinate input. Difficulty: +ard !age: 1"2 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: Analysis 41. The simplest schedule of reinforcement is the AAAAAAAAAAAschedule. Answer: continuous Difficulty: edium !age: 1"4 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 4#. 9hen a reinforcement ,ecomes availa,le after a varia,le period of time it is termed a AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAschedule of reinforcement. Answer: varia,le interval Difficulty: -asy !age: 1"5 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 4". According to the AAAAAAAAAAAATheory, people also learn ,y o,serving others. Answer: %ocial /earning Difficulty: edium !age: 1"5 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 4.. An individual*s ,elief that he or she will ,e a,le to perform a specific tas) in a given situation is termedAAAAAAAAAAAAAA. Answer: %elf;efficacy Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.6 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 41. AAAAAAAAAAAAmeans that performing the new ,ehavior ta)es little conscious thought, so that the performance ,ecomes automatic. Answer: 7verlearning Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge Training and Enhancing the Performance of Associates, pages 141-14 42. AAAAAAAAAAAis a formal procedure focused on improving tas) performance through positive reinforcement of desired ,ehaviors and e0tinction of undesired ,ehaviors. Answer: 7& od Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity

AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 43. !'<% stands for AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA feed,ac). Answer: !ositive, immediate, graphic, and specific AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge Difficulty: +ard !age: 1..

44. 7& od research reveals that performance improvement tends to ,e greater in AAAAAAAAAAAAAorganizations. Answer: manufacturing Difficulty: +ard !age: 1.. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 45. A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAis a representation of a real system that allows associates and managers to try various actions and receive feed,ac) on the conse8uences of those actions. Answer: simulation Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.2 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 56. %imulations represent AAAAAAAAAmodels of reality. Answer: simplified Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge edium !age: 1.2

51. ?9e are ladies and gentlemen serving ladies and gentlemen@ is the credo of the AAAAAAAAAAAAAAhotel. Answer: >itz;$arlton Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.3 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 5#. !eople hold AAAAAAAAAAtheories which are personal theories a,out what personality traits and a,ilities occur together and how these attri,utes are manifested in ,ehavior. Answer: implicit person Difficulty: edium !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 5". The AAAAAAAAAeffect occurs when a person ma)es a general assessment of another person and then uses this general impression to interpret everything that the person

does. Answer: halo AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

Difficulty:

edium

!age: 11#

5.. Assuming that most other people have the same values and ,eliefs as we do is )nown as AAAAAAAA. Answer: pro:ecting Difficulty: -asy !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 51. 9hen an individual ,ases perceptions a,out mem,ers of a group on a generalized set of ,eliefs a,out the characteristics of the group. AAAAAAAAAAcan occur. Answer: stereotyping Difficulty: edium !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 52. The process of deciding what caused the ,ehavior is )nown as AAAAAAAA. Answer: attri,ution Difficulty: edium !age: 11. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 53. The AAAAAAAAAAoccurs when an individual attri,utes the ,ehavior of others to internal rather than to e0ternal causes. Answer: fundamental attri,ution error Difficulty: -asy !age: 112 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 54. 9hen we attri,ute our own successes to internal factors and our failures to e0ternal factors we are ma)ing what is calledAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA. Answer: a self;serving ,ias Difficulty: edium !age: 112 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 55. Those people who ,elieve that people cannot change are calledAAAAAAAA. Answer: -ntity Theorists Difficulty: edium !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

Multiple Choice The Strategic Importance of Learning and Perception, pages 131-133 166. VF Asia*s uni8ue approach to AAAAAAAAAAAA has certainly paid off. AB learning &B compensation $B hiring DB motivation -B ,oth & and $ Answer: A Difficulty: edium !age: 1"#;1"" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics, %trategy &looms: $omprehension 161. /earning processes help VF Asia tie individual training, development, performance evaluation, and rewards to the overall AAAAAAAAAAAA of the organization. AB strategic goals &B goal orientation $B strategic vision DB ,oth & and $ -B financial performance Answer: A Difficulty: edium !age: 1"# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics, %trategy &looms: (nowledge 16#. To ,e competitive, organizations must have associates and managers who can effectively AB learn &B grow $B compensate others DB discern -B ,oth A and & Answer: Difficulty: +ard !age: 1"" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge Fundamental Learning Principles, pages 133-141 16". Cewly hired associates ,ring their own uni8ue e0periences, perceptions, and AAAAAAAAAA, with them into the organization. AB ways of ,ehaving &B tas)s

$B coping mechanisms DB ideas -B none of the a,ove Answer: A Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

edium

!age: 1""

16.. /earning refers to relatively AAAAAAAAchanges in human capa,ilities. AB permanent &B temporary $B intermittent DB ,oth & and $ -B &oth A and & Answer: A Difficulty: -asy !age: 1"" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 161. 9hich of the following can ,e an outcome of learningD AB attitudes &B cognitive strategies $B ver,al information DB intellectual s)ills -B all of the a,ove Answer: Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

!age: 1""

162. /earning is driven ,y e0perience with a AAAAAAAAsituation. AB general &B temporary $B intermittent DB specific -B ,oth & and $ Answer: D Difficulty: edium !age: 1"" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 163. AAAAAAAAAAtraces its roots ,ac) to a set of famous e0periments involving cats, dogs and other animals in the late 1466s. AB %ocial learning theory &B $onditioning theory $B 7perant conditioning theory

DB %ocial conditioning theory -B %elf perception theory Answer: $ Difficulty: -asy AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

!age: 1".

164. AAAAAAAAAAAAproposed that all human learning is the result of simple conditioning. AB &ehaviorists &B %ocial learning theorists $B %elf perception theorists DB &oth & and $ -B Cone of the a,ove Answer: A Difficulty: -asy !age: 1". AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 165. The %ocial /earning Theory was developed ,y: AB Daryl &em &B &. F. %)inner $B Al,ert &andura DB 9illiam ason -B +ugo Treanor Answer: $ Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

!age: 1".

116. !unishment differs from AAAAAAAAAAAAin that an undesira,le conse8uence is introduced rather than removed. AB positive reinforcement &B negative reinforcement $B continuous reinforcement DB intermittent reinforcement -B varia,le reinforcement Answer: & Difficulty: +ard !age: 1"1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 111. 9hen ,ehavior results in the introduction of a negative conse8uence, individuals are less li)ely to repeat the ,ehavior. This is calledAAAAAA. AB discernment &B e0tinction $B punishment

DB reinforcement -B a reinforcement schedule Answer: $ Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

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11#. The crash of the (orean Air 3.3 was partly attri,uted to: AB reinforcement &B e0tinction $B punishment DB a reinforcement schedule -B discernment Answer: $ Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

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11". 7rganizations may desire to e0tinguish dysfunctional ,ehavior ,y removing its reinforcing conse8uences. This procedure is called: AB e0tinction &B punishment $B internal punishment DB interval reinforcement -B intermittent reinforcement Answer: A Difficulty: -asy !age: 1"2 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 11.. The four types of reinforcement contingencies used ,y organizations to change employee ,ehavior are: AB e0tinction, negative conse8uences, positive reinforcement, punishment &B positive reinforcement, punishment, e0termination, negative reinforcement $B internal punishment, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, e0tinction DB positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, e0tinction -B none of the a,ove Answer: D Difficulty: edium !age: 1"1;1"2 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 111. A manager attempting to increase the li)elihood of an employee repeating a desired ,ehavior should use either positive reinforcement or AAAAAAAAAAAA. AB punishment &B negative reinforcement

$B e0tinction DB encouragement -B none of the a,ove Answer: & Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

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112. A manager attempting to decrease the li)elihood of an employee repeating an undesired ,ehavior should use either punishment or AAAAAAAAAAAA. AB punishment &B negative reinforcement $B e0tinction DB encouragement -B none of the a,ove Answer: $ Difficulty: edium !age: 1"1;1"2 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 113. The simplest schedule of reinforcement is: AB intermittent &B continuous $B temporary DB interval -B varia,le Answer: & Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 114. AAAAAAAAAAAis often used to maintain learned ,ehavior. AB $ontinuous reinforcement &B 'ntermittent reinforcement $B Temporary reinforcement DB 'nterval reinforcement -B Cone of the a,ove Answer: & Difficulty: +ard AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

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115. 9hen reinforcement ,ecomes availa,le after a varia,le period of time, this is referred to as: AB Varia,le ratio reinforcement &B Fi0ed ratio reinforcement

$B Varia,le interval reinforcement DB Fi0ed intermittent reinforcement -B Varia,le intermittent reinforcement Answer: $ Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

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1#6. The varia,le ratio schedule is very common in: AB ,ase,all &B soft,all $B ,as)et,all DB fishing -B All of the a,ove Answer: Difficulty: +ard AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

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1#1. %ocial /earning Theory posits that learning occurs through the mental processing of: AB thoughts &B situations $B information DB ratios -B specifics Answer: $ Difficulty: edium !age: 1"5 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1##. According to the AAAAAAAAAAAApeople also learn ,y o,serving others. AB %ocial /earning Theory &B 7perant $onditioning Theory $B &ehaviorist Theory DB Freudian Theory -B &oth $ and D Answer: A Difficulty: -asy !age: 1"5 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 1#". The concept of self;efficacy is part of the AAAAAAAAAtheory. AB %ocial /earning Theory &B 7perant $onditioning Theory $B &ehaviorist Theory

DB Freudian Theory -B &oth $ and D Answer: A Difficulty: -asy AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

!age: 1.6

1#.. 9hen associates have high self;efficacy toward a particular tas), they ,elieve that they will: AB perform poorly &B perform well $B perform ,elow the norms DB perform it efficiently -B none of the a,ove Answer: & Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.6 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 1#1. 7verlearning means that performing the new ,ehavior ta)es AAAAAAthought. AB little su,conscious &B little conscious $B a lot of su,conscious DB a lot of conscious -B none of the a,ove Answer: & Difficulty: +ard !age: 1.1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 1#2. AAAAAAAAAAmeans that performing the new ,ehavior ta)es little conscious thought, so that the performance ,ecomes automatic. AB 7verlearning &B Enderlearning $B >apid learning DB 'ntermittent learning -B $onscious learning Answer: A Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.1 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1#3. 'n addition to conse8uences and o,servation, other conditions that facilitate adult learning include all of the following except: AB Enderstanding why learning the new ,ehavior or material is important &B &eing a,le to apply what is ,eing learned

$B &eing a,le to su,stitute one*s e0perience for learning DB &eing a,le to practice what is ,eing learned -B &eing given feed,ac) Answer: $ Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

!age: 1.1

Training and Enhancing the Performance of Associates, pages 141-14 1#4. As highlighted in the te0t, three learning methods organizations use to train and enhance the performance of associates are: AB 7& od, simulations, learning from failure &B -mpowerment, performance management, learning from failure $B !erformance management, simulations, learning from failure DB 7& od, e0perimentation, simulations -B &oth A and $ are correct Answer: Difficulty: edium !age: 1.# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1#5. 7& od stands for: FB7rganization &ehavioral oderation <B 7rganization &etterment anagement +B 7rganization &ehavior odification 'B 7rganization &etterment odification FB 7rganization &ehavior anagement Answer: $ Difficulty: +ard AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1"6. 7& od is also referred to as: AB anagement training &B anagement motivation $B !erformance management DB >einforcement management -B -0tinction management Answer: $ Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1"1. !'<% stands for AAAAAAAAAAA feed,ac). AB !artial, immediate, gradual, specific

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&B !artial, intermediate, gradual, specific $B !ositive, immediate, graphic, specific DB !ositive, immediate, gradual, sporadic -B !artial, intermediate, graphic, sporadic Answer: $ Difficulty: +ard AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

!age: 1..

1"#. 7& od research reveals that performance improvements tend to ,e greater in: AB service organizations &B sports organizations $B educational organizations DB manufacturing organizations -B food organizations Answer: D Difficulty: edium !age: 1.. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1"". 7& od tends to ,e less effective in: AB service organizations &B sports organizations $B educational organizations DB manufacturing organizations -B food organizations Answer: A Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

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1".. AAAAAAAAis a representation of a real system that allow associates and managers to try various actions and receive feed,ac) on the conse8uences of those actions. AB A simulation &B 7& od $B 7D od DB A reinforcement model -B An intermittent model Answer: A Difficulty: -asy !age: 1.2 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1"1. %imulations represent AAAAAAAAAAmodels of reality. AB comple0 &B simplified

$B temporary DB permanent -B ine0perienced Answer: & Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

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1"2. A failure that does not result in learning is AAAAAA. AB wrong &B a mista)e $B a learning error DB a correction error -B a correction tendency Answer: & Difficulty: -asy AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 1"3. A failure that results in learning is aGnB: AB temporary failure &B permanent failure $B mista)e DB intelligent failure -B none of the a,ove Answer: D Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 1"4. 7rganizations can train associates through: AB 7& od &B /earning from failure $B %imulations DB &oth A and & -B All of the a,ove Answer: Difficulty: edium AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

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1"5. ?9e are /adies and <entlemen serving /adies and <entlemen,@ is the credo from: AB the Fours %eason +otel &B the Aman +otel $hain $B The >itz;$arlton +otel DB The &everly 9ilshire +otel

-B The %t. >egis +otel Answer: $ Difficulty: -asy AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1.6. AAAAAcan affect perception. AB 'mpaired hearing &B 'mpaired sight $B !rescri,ed medications DB Alcohol -B All of the a,ove Answer: Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

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1.1. An individual*s perceptions of another person can ,e influenced ,y his own: AB internal states &B emotions $B mood DB ,oth & and $ -B All of the a,ove Answer: Difficulty: edium !age: 1.5;116 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 1.#. 'mplicit person theories are AAAAAAAAAAAAtheories a,out what personality traits and a,ilities occur together and how these attri,utes are manifested in ,ehavior. AB specific &B general $B personal DB others* -B none of the a,ove Answer: $ Difficulty: +ard !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1.". The halo effect occurs when a person ma)es a AAAAAAA assessment of another person and then uses this impression to interpret everything the person does. AB specific &B general $B personal DB impersonal

-B pro,a,le Answer: & Difficulty: +ard AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

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1... The AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAoccurs when a person ma)es a general assessment of another person and then uses this impression to interpret everything the person does. AB Fundament Attri,ution -rror &B %ocial /earning Theory $B 7perant $ondition Theory DB +alo -ffect -B %elf;%erving &ias Answer: D Difficulty: edium !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1.1. AAAAAAAA,elieve that people cannot change. AB -ntity Theorists &B 7perant Theorists $B %ocial /earning Theorists DB %elf !erception Theorists -B %elf &ias Theorists Answer: A Difficulty: -asy AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

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1.2. Assuming that most other people have the same values and ,eliefs as we do is )nown as: AB stereotyping &B pre:udging $B predisposing DB pro:ecting -B none of the a,ove Answer: D Difficulty: edium !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1.3. 9hen an individual ,ases perceptions a,out mem,ers of a group on a set of generalized ideas a,out that group of people AAAAAAAAcan occur. AB a reinforcement schedule &B pro:ecting $B stereotyping

DB discernment -B &oth A and & Answer: $ Difficulty: -asy AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

!age: 11#

1.4. 't is well documented that people associate those who are physically AAAAAAAAA with positive 8ualities and those who are unattractive with negative 8ualities. AB oriented &B attractive $B fit DB unattractive -B active Answer: & Difficulty: -asy !age: 11" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 1.5. The less control we perceive ourselves to have over events, the more li)ely we are to ,ecome: AB motivated &B reinforced $B despondent DB overlearned -B underlearned Answer: $ Difficulty: edium !age: 112 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 116. The process of deciding what caused a ,ehavior is )nown as: AB attri,ution &B overlearning $B perception DB internal perception -B e0ternal perception Answer: A Difficulty: -asy !age: 11. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 111. 9hen ma)ing internal;e0ternal attri,utions we depend onAAAAAAAAAAA associated with the ,ehavior. AB consistency &B consensus

$B distinctiveness DB All of the a,ove -B Cone of the a,ove Answer: D Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

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11#. The fundamental attri,ution error occurs when we attri,ute the ,ehavior of others to AAArather than AAAAcauses. AB e0ternalH internal &B internalH e0ternal $B consistentH temporary DB temporaryH consistent -B none of the a,ove Answer: & Difficulty: edium !age: 112 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 11". The self;serving ,ias occurs when we attri,ute our own success to AAAAAAfactors and our failures to AAAAAAAcauses. AB e0ternalH internal &B internalH e0ternal $B consistentH temporary DB temporaryH consistent -B none of the a,ove Answer: & Difficulty: edium !age: 112 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 11.. An e0ample of an internal factor with regard to the self;serving ,ias would ,e: AB hard wor) &B a difficult tas) $B ,ad luc) DB &oth & and $ -B All of the a,ove Answer: A Difficulty: +ard !age: 11. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 111. An e0ample of an e0ternal factor with regard to the self;serving ,ias would ,e: AB hard wor) &B a difficult tas)

$B ,ad luc) DB &oth & and $ -B All of the a,ove Answer: D Difficulty: +ard AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension

!age: 11.;111

112. All of the following are used when ma)ing an attri,ution of ,ehavior -I$-!T: AB the consistency of the ,ehavior &B the consensus of the ,ehavior $B the distinctiveness of the ,ehavior DB the temporary state of the ,ehavior -B none of the a,ove Answer: D Difficulty: edium !age: 111 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 113. 7verweight women earning 3 to "6 percent less than normal weight women performing at the same level in the same :o,s is an e0ample of the influence of AAAAAAAAAAAA errors. AB $onsistent &B Discernment $B Temporary DB !erceptual -B /earning Answer: D Difficulty: +ard !age: 11" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 114. Falsely ,elieving that other persons share our ,eliefs can lead to AAAAAAAAA,ehavior. AB ineffective &B effective $B timid DB aggressive -B positive Answer: A Difficulty: +ard !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 115. Those theorists who ,elieve that a person*s ,ehavior can change are )nown as: AB entity theorists

&B incremental theorists $B social learning theorists DB conditioning theorists -B operant theorists Answer: & Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

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126. The perceptual process is influenced ,y factors associated with: AB the perceiver &B the general situation $B the consistent situation DB the inconsistent situation -B &oth A and & Answer: Difficulty: edium !age: 11# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 121. 9hich of the following is considered a pro,lem in the person perception processD AB implicit person theories &B the halo effect $B pro:ection DB stereotyping -B All of the a,ove are considered pro,lems Answer: Difficulty: -asy !age: 11#;11" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 12#. /earning from failure, 7& od, and simulations are three learning methods organizations use to AAAAAAAassociates. AB motivate &B train $B compensate DB hire -B ,oth $ and D Answer: & Difficulty: edium !age: 1.# AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 12". 7& od research reveals that performance feed,ac) coupled with social reinforcements can ,e as effective as feed,ac) coupled with: AB positive reinforcements

&B monetary reinforcers $B interval reinforcement DB varia,le reinforcement -B fi0ed reinforcement Answer: & Difficulty: +ard AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

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12.. 7& od research reveals that AAAAAAAAcoupled with AAAAAAAAcan ,e as effective as feed,ac) coupled with monetary reinforcers. AB varia,le reinforcersH performance feed,ac) &B interval reinforcersH performance feed,ac) $B fi0ed reinforcersH performance feed,ac) DB social reinforcementsH performance feed,ac) -B Cone of the a,ove Answer: D Difficulty: +ard !age: 1.. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 121. The ,asic goal of 7& od is to: AB train associates &B compensate associates $B motivate associates DB improve tas) performance -B &oth A and & Answer: D Difficulty: AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge

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122. 7& od research reveals that performance improvements tend to ,e greater in AAAAAAAthan in AAAAAAA. AB manufacturing organizations, service organizations. &B service organizations, manufacturing organizations. $B %ports organizations, manufacturing organizations. DB anufacturing organizations, sport organizations. -B %ervice organizations, educational organizations. Answer: A Difficulty: +ard !age: 1.. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge Essay Questions

123. Define and descri,e three common pro,lems that can occur with the perceiver in the perception process. Answer: 1. 'mplicit person theories;which are personal theories a,out what personality traits and a,ilities occur together and how these attri,utes are manifested in ,ehavior #. The halo effect; occurs when a person ma)es a general assessment of another person and then uses this general impression to interpret everything that the person does ". %tereotyping; occurs when an individual ,ases perceptions a,out a certain group of people on a generalized set of ,eliefs a,out the group. .. %tudents may also discuss pro:ecting, which is assuming that most other people have the same values and ,eliefs as we do. Difficulty: +ard !age: 11#;11" AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 124. Descri,e and give an e0ample of two out of the four schedules of reinforcement. Answer: Answers will vary, discussing fi0ed interval, varia,le interval, fi0ed ratio, or varia,le ratio. Difficulty: edium !age: 1"4;1"5 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 125. Define 7& od and identify the ,asic goal of 7& od.

Answer: 7& od Gorganizational ,ehavior modificationB, is also )nown as performance management and is a formal procedure used to improve tas) performance through positive reinforcement of desira,le ,ehaviors and elimination of reinforcements that support undesira,le ,ehaviors. Difficulty: edium !age: 1.#;1.. AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 136. Define the concept of a wor)place ?simulation@ and give an e0ample for two particular professions when a simulation might ,e used. Answer: A simulation is a representation of a real system that allows associates and managers to try various actions and receive feed,ac) on the conse8uences of those actions. %ome occupations that might use simulations would ,e pilots or surgeons. Difficulty: edium !age: 1..;1.2

AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge 131. 'dentify and descri,e three different learning methods an organization can use to train its associates. Answer: /earning from failure, 7& od, and simulations. Difficulty: +ard !age: 1.#;1.4 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: $omprehension 13#. %ummarize the degree of consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness Ghigh or lowB that would result in attri,uting another person*s ,ehavior to aB internal factorsH ,B e0ternal factors Answer: aB 'nternal factors: high consistency, low consensus, low distinctivenessH ,B -0ternal factors: low consistency, high consensus, high distinctiveness Difficulty: edium !age: 11.;112 AA$%& Tier 1: Diversity AA$%& Tier #: 'ndividual Dynamics &looms: (nowledge