Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Yiling Chen
October 1, 2008
λ 1−λ
C D C D
C 5, 5 0, 8 C 5, 5 0, 2
D 8, 0 1, 1 D 8, 0 1, -5
Type I Type II
CS286r Fall’08 Bayesian Games 4
Simultaneous-Move Bayesian Games
A simultaneous-move Bayesian game is (N, A, Θ, F , u)
I N = {1, ..., n} is the set of players
I A = {A1 , A2 , ..., An } is the set of actions
Ai = {Cooperation, Defection}.
I Θ = {Θ1 , Θ2 , ..., Θn } is the set of types. θi ∈ Θi is a realization of
types for player i.
Θ2 = {I, II}.
I F : Θ → [0, 1] is a joint probability distribution, according to which
types of players are drawn
p(θ2 = type I) = λ
I u = {u1 , u2 , ..., un } where ui : A × Θ → R is the utility function of
player i
Two assumptions
I All possible games have the same number of agents and the same
action spaces for each agent
I Agents have common prior. The different beliefs of agents are
posteriors.
λ 1−λ
1
C D C D
2 2
C D C D C D C D
C 5, 5 0, 8 C 5, 5 0, 2
D 8, 0 1, 1 D 8, 0 1, -5
Type I Type II
CS286r Fall’08 Bayesian Games 9
Example 2: An Exchange Game
Nature
Worker Worker
C B C B
Employer
Employer
H R H R H R H R
Nature
Worker Worker
C B C B
Employer
Employer
H R H R H R H R
Nature
Worker Worker
C B C B
Employer
Employer
λ 1−λ
H R H R H R H R
p(Bright|Beach) =
p(Bright)σ(Beach|Bright) λ·1
p(Bright)σ(Beach|Bright)+p(Dull)σ(Beach|Dull)
= λ·1+(1−λ)·1
=λ
Nature
Worker Worker
C B C B
Employer
Employer
λ β 1−λ 1−β
H R H R H R H R
β ∈ [0, 1]
Normal-Form Games
I Nash Equilibrium (pure strategy and mixed strategy)
Bayesian games
I Bayesian Nash Equilibrium
I Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium